47 research outputs found
Les Émotions dans le discours de la construction européenne
No full textUsing discourse analysis, the author considers the "emotions of iron and coke", i.e. emotive and emotional effects produced by French political discourse during the Fifties, when France associated Germany to undertake the economic revolution that changed European asset after II WW. Press corpus, official discourses and protagonists' narrations are analysed
Effect of Environmental Parameters on Structural Health Status Assessment Using OMA Techniques
No full textThe data from a laboratory test on two aluminum rods are analyzed in this work. The rods are subjected to environmental excitation in an uncontrolled environment, attempting to replicate real operational conditions of structural health monitoring with external disturbances. Different damage levels are simulated on one of the two tension rods. Three of the most frequently used OMA methods are applied to evaluate the effects of the simulated damage on the dynamic behavior of the system. The complexity of the three applied OMA methods is gradually increased. The difference between the results from the different approaches is assessed. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of the proposed OMA methods, to understand their limits, and to assess the role of environmental disturbance parameters, such as temperature, in the evaluation of the health status of structures
Effect of Environmental Parameters on Structural Health Status Assessment Using OMA Techniques
No full textThe data from a laboratory test on two aluminum rods are analyzed in this work. The rods are subjected to environmental excitation in an uncontrolled environment, attempting to replicate real operational conditions of structural health monitoring with external disturbances. Different damage levels are simulated on one of the two tension rods. Three of the most frequently used OMA methods are applied to evaluate the effects of the simulated damage on the dynamic behavior of the system. The complexity of the three applied OMA methods is gradually increased. The difference between the results from the different approaches is assessed. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of the proposed OMA methods, to understand their limits, and to assess the role of environmental disturbance parameters, such as temperature, in the evaluation of the health status of structures
L'expression des émotions dans les dialogues de La Princesse de Clèves. Phénomènes d'exploitation de la coordination
No full textThis masterpiece of 'precious' literature is rich in dialogues, in which the characters talk to one another about their emotions in a detailed way. We consider the use of the conjunction 'et' (and), as the author often uses it to unite two contradictory emotion terms: this stylistic feature strongly contributes to characters' description and reader's involvement.Dans les dialogues de ce chef d’œuvre de la préciosité, les personnages dissertent de leurs émotions en les décrivant de manière minutieuse. On étudie l'usage de la conjonction 'et', souvent utilisée par Mme de la Fayette pour coordonner des termes d'émotion contradictoires, ce qui produit dans la narration des effets de sens très efficaces pour la description des personnages et pour l'implication du lecteur
Preliminary Results on the Plantar Flexion during Grand-Plié in Ballet Dancing with Inertial Measurement Units
No full textLe dottrine semiotiche francesi del XVII e XVIII secolo
No full textLa riflessione intorno al segno e alla funzione semiotica è stata molto approfondita in Francia nel XVII e XVIII secolo. Per quanto riguarda il Seicento, i risultati più interessanti sono stati raggiunti nella scuola di Port-Royal, con la ‘Grammatica’ e la ‘Logica’, e nell’opera di G. de Cordemoy. Nel Settecento emerge invece una concezione notevolmente diversa, quella di Condillac. La discussione circa l’interpretazione di queste teorie semiotiche, interessanti anche per l’influsso che hanno o possono avere esercitato sul pensiero saussuriano, è ancor oggi piuttosto vivace
La nozione di codice e la sua moltiplicazione
No full textIn linguistica, a partire da Saussure, e nella cosiddetta ‘teoria delle comunicazioni’ sussistono due concetti di codice notevolmente divergenti. Il crescente interesse suscitato oggi dal linguaggio non verbale costringe ancor di più a mettere a fuoco le differenze che esistono fra i vari codici e soprattutto i problemi relativi al loro interagire nell’ambito della comunicazione. La linea di tendenza, in questo ambito di studi, consiste nel tentativo di costruire un modello globale della comunicazione che renda conto della complementarità di più codici. Un altro ambito della semiotica nel quale la problematica relativa alla pluralità dei codici gioca un ruolo centrale è, naturalmente, il settore degli studi massmediologici
Proust et l art de la langue. La synonymie comme idolâtrie linguistique
No full textProust and the art of language. Synonymy as linguistic idolatry. In: SERGIO CIGADA E MARISA VERNA A CURA DI. in La Sinonimia tra langue e parole nei codici italiano e francese,. p. 231-254, MILANO: Vita e Pensiero
The aim of this article is to analyze the impossibility of conceiving of the idea itself of synonymy within the proustian understanding of language and his esthetics.
Since his first theoretical reflections on literary language, Proust considered meaning as the result of a complex dynamics, never established once and for all. In his notes to his translations of John Ruskin, the future author of the Recherche reproaches the English esthetician of looking for linguistic meaning where it cannot be found: in the dictionaries or in the history of words. In this attitude Proust sees the same sin of idolatry that Ruskin shares with Montesquiou and that leads to a confusion between art and life, meaning and words.
This conception of language can be found in the Recherche at different levels. Two of these will be analyzed in this article: the language of the characters and the formation of metaphor. Within the language of the characters it is possible to observe various clue synonyms , or even implicit synonyms , marking meaning shifts, where the similarity of meaning at the level of langue is even more revealing of psychological truths that language ends up always exposing. Within this indirect language studied by Genette, it is clear that there is not just one synonym and that it could not be simply replaced by its equivalent in the dictionary without a serious loss of meaning.
The case of metaphor is even clearer to establish the impossibility of synonymy within the proustian understanding of literary language. Two examples will be presented of sememe metaphors , in which the narrator of the Recherche develops all the semantic directions of the linguistic sign by the metaphorisation of the whole sememe. The word itself is at the origin of a process of metamorphosis of reality of which the metaphor is the textual result. It is from the word, as a total sign and as it lies within the artist s conscience, that all comparisons derive.
Therefore the metaphor does not realize a process of semantic equivalence, it is not a synonym of a word or an expression because it is born from an evocation, from the resounding of a memory that words awake within the soul of the person who produces it. Indeed the proustian style reflects on reality a network of questions where all the potentialities of a meaning are activated. Under these conditions, for a writer to believe in the existence of synonymy is like treason against his duty as an artist, which is not to say trois fois à peu près la même chose , but to find a truth able to give way to that journey through the self that every reader is supposed to begin once the book is fnished.Dès ses premières réflexions théoriques sur la langue littéraire, Proust considère en effet le sens comme le résultat d’une dynamique complexe et jamais établie une fois pour toutes. Dans les notes à ses traductions de John Ruskin, le futur auteur de la Recherche reproche à l’esthéticien anglais de chercher le sens là où il n’est pas : dans les dictionnaires, ou dans l’histoire des mots. Dans cette attitude il y a pour Proust ce péché d’idolâtrie que Ruskin partage avec Montesquiou, et qui pousse à confondre l’art et la vie, le sens et les mots.
Cette conception du langage se retrouve dans la Recherche à plusieurs niveaux ; nous allons en analyser deux : la langue des personnages et la formation de la métaphore. Dans la langue des personnages sont relevables de nombreux ‘synonymes indices’, ou même des synonymes implicites, qui marquent un glissement du sens, où l’analogie de signifié au niveau langue n’en est que plus révélatrice de vérités psychologiques que le langage finit toujours par démasquer. Dans ce « langage indirect » étudié par Genette le synonyme n’en est évidemment pas un, et ne pourrait, sans grave perte de sens, être remplacé par son équivalent du dictionnaire.
Le cas de la métaphore est plus décisif pour une définition de l’impossibilité de la synonymie dans la conception proustienne de la langue littéraire. Nous avons choisi de présenter deux exemples de ‘métaphores sémème’, dans lesquelles le narrateur de la Recherche développe toutes les directions sémantiques du signe langue, en métaphorisant ainsi le sémème entier. Le mot est lui-même source du procès de métamorphose du réel dont la métaphore est le résultat textuel, et c’est à partir du mot, en tant que signe total, tel qu’il est déposé dans la conscience de l’artiste, que se départent les comparaisons.
La métaphore ne marque partant pas un procédé d’équivalence sémantique, elle n’est pas synonyme d’un mot ou d’une expression, car elle naît d’une évocation, d’une résonance mémorielle que les mots déclenchent dans l’esprit de celui qui l’énonce. L’écriture proustienne lance en effet sur le réel « des réseaux d'interrogation », où toutes les virtualités du sens sont actives. Dans ces conditions, croire dans l’existence des synonymes est pour un écrivain une trahison de son devoir d’artiste, qui est de ne pas dire « trois fois à peu près la même chose », mais de trouver une vérité capable de donner lieu au voyage dans soi-même que chaque lecteur est censé commencer, une fois le livre fini
In vivo analysis of the iris thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography
No full textPurpose: To assess the effectiveness of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in providing in vivo measurements of iris thickness in healthy and pathological subjects. Methods: 14 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with unilateral Fuchs' uveitis were enrolled in the study. The two groups were comparable for age, gender and race. Each subject underwent complete clinical examination and anterior segment SD-OCT imaging in both eyes. SD-OCT scans of the iris were performed following a cross-sectional pattern. Iris thickness values were obtained using a purposely developed software-based analysis of OCT images. Measurements were carried out twice by two trained independent operators to assess intraobserver and interobserver repeatability. Analysis of iris thickness was conducted in four main quadrants: superior, inferior, nasal and temporal. Iris thickness values from normal subjects were compared with the ones measured in the affected and fellow eyes of patients with Fuchs' uveitis. Results: Iris thickness measurements showed good intraobserver and interobserver repeatability (intraclass correlation coeffi cient >0.971). Superior and temporal iris sectors showed respectively thickest and thinnest values in all groups. In healthy eyes, iris thickness ranged from 327.92±37.29 μm temporally to 405.25 ±48.49 μm superiorly. Iris thickness measurements in the affected eyes of Fuchs' uveitis patients ranged from 285.48±56.02 μm temporally to 376.12±60.97 μm superiorly. Multiple comparison analysis showed iris thickness values to be signi ficantly lower in eyes affected by Fuchs' uveitis than both in fellow eyes (p<0.001) of the same patients and in healthy eyes (p=0.0074). Conclusions: SD-OCT is a suitable technique for iris thickness assessment. Thickness analysis must be carried out using a sectorial approach, taking into consideration anatomical variations existing between different iris regions. SD-OCT is a potentially useful tool for detecting iris thickness variations induced by pathological conditions such as Fuchs' uveitis
Le particelle come manifestazione del connettivo nella lingua russa
No full textThe author analyses the semantics of the particles razve, neuzheli, ved’, and shows how the notion of connective reveals their pragmatic and textual function. It is then pointed out their functioning as a connective within Igrok by Dostoevsky
