442 research outputs found
Metody badania asymetrii informacji w przedsiębiorstwie w zakresie alokacji kapitału
No full textThe authordiscussesand evaluatesmethods formeasuringthe level ofinformation asymmetry in enterprises depending on their ownership structure. Information asymmetryis asourceofprocesses such as adverseselectionandmoral hazard, the author says. An appropriate ownershipstructure in companiescanbe usedto reducethe negative effects of an information asymmetry. Thearticle examines ways of measuring information asymmetryinterms of the data needed for such measurements and therisk that a givenmeasure will be inaccurate. The author concludes that, in large-scaleresearch,direct measurements ofthe levelof information asymmetryareoftenimpossibleandthe results mustbeapproximated. When planningresearchit is necessary totake into account therange ofdataneededtousea specific measureand therisks related to the inaccuracy ofmeasurements, Kubiak says. When examining the relationship between information asymmetry and a company’s ownership structure, researchers should arrange enterprises according to the relativelevel ofinformation asymmetry, he adds. According tothe author, this can bedone by developing a compositemeasure of information asymmetryonthebasis of specificindicators usingthe linear ordering method. Such a procedureshouldreduce theriskof improperclassificationof companiesaccording to thelevel of information asymmetry, Kubiak says
Methods for Examining Information Asymmetry in Enterprises in the Case of Capital Allocation
No full textThe authordiscussesand evaluatesmethods formeasuringthe level ofinformation asymmetry in enterprises depending on their ownership structure. Information asymmetryis asourceofprocesses such as adverseselectionandmoral hazard, the author says. An appropriate ownershipstructure in companiescanbe usedto reducethe negative effects of an information asymmetry. Thearticle examines ways of measuring information asymmetryinterms of the data needed for such measurements and therisk that a givenmeasure will be inaccurate. The author concludes that, in large-scaleresearch,direct measurements ofthe levelof information asymmetryareoftenimpossibleandthe results mustbeapproximated. When planningresearchit is necessary totake into account therange ofdataneededtousea specific measureand therisks related to the inaccuracy ofmeasurements, Kubiak says. When examining the relationship between information asymmetry and a company’s ownership structure, researchers should arrange enterprises according to the relativelevel ofinformation asymmetry, he adds. According tothe author, this can bedone by developing a compositemeasure of information asymmetryonthebasis of specificindicators usingthe linear ordering method. Such a procedureshouldreduce theriskof improperclassificationof companiesaccording to thelevel of information asymmetry, Kubiak says
Crystal structure of a copper(II)-famotidine complex and solution studies of the Cu2+-famotidine-histidine ternary system
No full textthis just in piece on Maine author Carolyn Chute and fellow anti-corporate act
No full textthis just in piece on Maine author Carolyn Chute and fellow anti-corporate activist David Kubiak, who are running for governor as write-in co-candidates. Chute and Kubiak plan to hold mock town meetings in each Maine county and will attempt to collect enough signatures and $5 donations to qualify for Clean Election money
Russian Military Activities in the Arctic (2010–2018)
No full textPodejmowana w ostatnich latach działalność państw w Arktyce przykuwa uwagę zarówno opinii międzynarodowej, jak i środków masowej komunikacji funkcjonujących nie tyle dzięki dostarczaniu informacji, ile budzeniu emocji. Szczególne wysoki poziom osiągają one w odniesieniu do kwestii obecności wojskowej na Dalekiej Północy. Siły wojskowe oraz rozmaite instalacje utrzymuje tam obecnie pięć państw: Kanada, Stany Zjednoczone, Dania, Norwegia i Rosja. Największym potencjałem dysponuje ostatnie z wymienionych państw, w którego granicach znajduje się również najdłuższy odcinek, bo niemal połowa, wybrzeża Morza Arktycznego. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania aktualnego poziomu obecnej aktywności wojskowej Federacji Rosyjskiej w Arktyce. Uwagę zwrócono przede wszystkim na fakt zbudowania na bazie dowództwa Floty Północnej piątego rosyjskiego strategicznego dowództwa terytorialnego oraz odtwarzanie obecności wojskowej w rejonach, w tym głównie na arktycznych archipelagach, z których wycofano się – przede wszystkim z powodów finansowych – po upadku Związku Sowieckiego. Prócz deskrypcji autor podejmuje próbę zbudowania prognozy dotyczącej dalszego rozwoju sytuacji militarnej na „szczycie globusa”. Jednocześnie, ponieważ syntetyczny obraz roli Arktyki w teorii i praktyce wojskowej Związku Sowieckiego doby zimnej wojny nakreślono w innych publikacjach (Kubiak, 2012; Kubiak, 2013; Kubiak, 2015), w niniejszym tekście tekstu przedstawiono działania podejmowane w Federacji Rosyjskiej w celu umocnienia pozycji państwa na północy po okresie „smuty jelcynowskiej” (tj. lat 1991–1999).The activities of a few states in the Arctic taken in recent years attract the attention of the international opinion. We can observe arousing emotions, which achieves a particularly high level in relation to the issue of military presence in the High North. Military forces and various installations are currently maintained by five countries: Canada, the United States, Denmark, Norway, and Russia. The largest potential of the last of these countries, which also controls the longest part, almost half of the Arctic Sea coast. The article attempts to characterize the current level of Russian military activity in the Arctic. Attention was given first of all to the creating of the fifth Russian strategic territorial command on the basis of Northern Fleet Command and the restoration of military presence in the Arctic archipelagos, which were abandoned - primarily for financial reasons - after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Apart from the description, the author attempts to build a forecast regarding the further development of military architecture on the “top of the globe”. At the same time, because a coherent picture of the role of the Arctic in theory and the military practice of the Soviet Union during the Cold War era is outlined in other publications, this text presents the actions taken in the Russian Federation to strengthen the position of the state in the north after the period of "Jelcin's Smell" (1991-1999)
A Symmetric Space Metric for Weak Convergence of Distribution Functions
No full textWeak convergence in the space of distribution functions can be metrized the metric of a symmetric space. As special cases one finds the metrics previously introduced by M.D. Taylor and the third author, which were conected to the and Orlicz spaces respectively
Neolithic Human Diet Based on Studies of Coprolites from the Swifterbant Culture Sites, the Netherlands: Synthesis - Human versus community diet
No full textThe aim of this final chapter is to integrate the results obtained from the multi-disciplinary study applied to a series of coprolites from the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic Swifterbant Culture sites, to determine their role as a source of information about the prehistoric dietary tradition and health.The study of coprolites provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct the most complete spectrum of the foods that were consumed in the past, both as cooked meals as well as foods that were eaten raw. In addition to the food remains, coprolites also contain intestinal parasites which affected the health of prehistoric populations. Coprolite studies can also provide information about palaeoenvironmental conditions through the types of microfossils and macrofossils they contain.Geo-engineerin
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No full textReaction of the potassium salt of N-thiophosphorylated thiourea alpha-naphthylNHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)(2) (HL) with Cu(PPh3)(3)I in aqueous EtOH/CH2Cl2 leads to the mononuclear complex [Cu(PPh3)(2)L-S,S']. By using copper(I) iodide instead of Cu(PPh3)(3)I, the polynuclear complex [Cu-n(L-S,S')(n)] was obtained
Crystal structure and thermoanalytical study of a cadmium(II) complex with 1-allylimidazole
No full textThe crystal structure of a cadmium(II) 1-allylimidazole complex ([Cd(1-Alm)(3)(NO(3))(2)], where 1-Aim = 1-allylimidazole), was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with an FTIR unit was used to study the thermal behaviour of the complex. A multi-step decomposition occurred in the complex due to the release of the ligand molecules, followed by oxidation. The final residue at 1073 K was found to be cadmium(II) oxide. The oxidative decomposition pattern of the examined complex initially proposed by the percentage mass loss data was proved by the evolved gas analysis. Finally, a kinetic analysis of the oxidative decomposition steps was made using the Kissinger equation, while the complex nature of the decomposition kinetics was revealed by the isoconversional Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Poetyckie inspiracje w kształceniu humanistycznym, przyrodoznawczym i geograficznym
No full textPoetic inspirations in teaching humanities, natural history and geography The article examines the possibilities of using ludic and cognitive functions of poetry for children in the teaching process. The author argues that this type of literature contains ready-made game scenarios that can be used to teach children spontaneously how to introduce order into the world which for them is syncretic or even chaotic. The analysed poems – game scenarios – can help small children to recognise social conventions and rules, prepare for a life in culture, learn to use abstract knowledge, become accustomed to linguistic rules and literary conventions, explore natural history and acquire knowledge of Polish geography. The author uses as examples poems by Konopnicka, Tuwim, Brzechwa, Kubiak, Kern, Chotomska, Ratajczak, Janczarski and Różewicz.Poetic inspirations in teaching humanities, natural history and geography The article examines the possibilities of using ludic and cognitive functions of poetry for children in the teaching process. The author argues that this type of literature contains ready-made game scenarios that can be used to teach children spontaneously how to introduce order into the world which for them is syncretic or even chaotic. The analysed poems – game scenarios – can help small children to recognise social conventions and rules, prepare for a life in culture, learn to use abstract knowledge, become accustomed to linguistic rules and literary conventions, explore natural history and acquire knowledge of Polish geography. The author uses as examples poems by Konopnicka, Tuwim, Brzechwa, Kubiak, Kern, Chotomska, Ratajczak, Janczarski and Różewicz
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