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Estudo do consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial de Belo Horizonte
No full textThis assignment analyses the electricity consumption by the residential sector in the Belo Horizonte municipality according to income classes and end-uses. An analysis of the electricity consumption structure of the residential sector on the chosen Base Year (2005) is made, having as a primary base the research done by IBGE (PNAD) and the "Pesquisa de Posse de Equipamentos e Hábitos de Uso" Research on the Ownership of Equipment and Use Habits done by Eletrobrás/PROCEL. The total demand of electricity calculated for the Base Year was 1,336 GWh/year and the consumption was 1,342.82 GWh/year, resulting in a difference of less than 1%. After establishing the structure of consumption for the reference year, the LEAP program was used to make a projection of energy demand until the year 2030. Three scenarios were used to study this demand. The first one was the Scenario of Reference where a 4.1% per year GNP increase was considered, according to the tendency from 1971 to 2002; in this scenario the adopted hypothesis were conservatives. The second scenario is the Scenario of High Ownership and Efficiency, where the GNP grows at a 5.1% per year rate; in this scenario the adopted hypotheses are more optimistic and bold. The third scenario is the Scenario of Low Ownership and Efficiency where the GNP grows below the observed tendency in recent years. This rate is 3.2% per year and the hypotheses are more modest than the ones used on the previous scenarios. The Scenario of Reference presented a total electric energy, in 2030, demand of 1,810 GWh and a demand of 191 kWh/dwelling/month and 72 kWh/person/month. The Scenario of High Assets and Efficiency presented a total demand of 1,674 GWh and a demand of 176 kWh/dwelling/month and 66 kWh/person/month. The Scenario of Low Assets and Efficiency presented a total demand of 1,897 GWh and a demand of 200 kWh/dwelling/month and 75 kWh/person/month. All scenarios presented a smaller demand than the scenarios from PNE 2030 and bigger than the ones from Matriz Energética de Minas Gerais 2007-2030. The more efficient measures to lower the electricity demand were the exchange of more efficient lamps for the incandescent lamps and the use of other sources for bath water heating, like solar energy and gas. In all scenarios the biggest growth in demand was in the end-use of Environment Conditioning. A growth on the demand for the end-use Entertainment was also noticed. In all scenarios the analysis was done according to the end-uses and income classes.O trabalho faz uma análise do consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial no município de Belo Horizonte de acordo com as classes de renda e os usos finais. É realizada uma análise da estrutura do consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial no Ano Base escolhido, 2005, tendo-se como fontes de dados principais as pesquisas realizadas pelo IBGE (PNAD) e a Pesquisa de Posse de Equipamentos e Hábitos de Uso realizada pela Eletrobrás/PROCEL. A demanda total de energia elétrica calculada no Ano Base foi de 1.336 GWh/ano e o consumo neste ano foi de 1.342,82 GWh/ano, o que resulta em uma diferença de menos de 1%. Após o estabelecimento da estrutura do consumo no ano base, utilizou-se o programa LEAP para a projeção da demanda de energia elétrica até o ano 2030. Foram utilizados três cenários para estudar esta demanda. O primeiro cenário foi o Cenário de Referência, onde se considerou um crescimento do PIB do país de 4,1% a.a., conforme tendência de 1971 a 2002. Neste cenário as hipóteses adotadas são conservadoras. O segundo cenário é o Cenário de Maior Posse e Eficiência, onde o PIB nacional cresce à taxa de 5,1% a.a.; neste cenário as hipóteses adotadas são mais otimistas e arrojadas. O terceiro cenário é o Cenário de Menor Posse e Eficiência, onde o PIB nacional cresce abaixo da tendência observada nos últimos anos. Esta taxa é de 3,2 % a.a. e as hipóteses adotadas são mais tímidas do que as utilizadas nos cenários anteriores. O Cenário de Referência apresentou uma demanda total de energia elétrica, em 2030, de 1.810 GWh e uma demanda de 191 kWh/domicílio/mês e 72 kWh/habitante/mês. O Cenário Maior Posse e Eficiência apresentou demanda de 1.674 GWh, 176 kWh/domicílio/mês e 66 kWh/habitante/mês. Já o Cenário Menor Posse e Eficiência apresentou uma demanda de 1.897 GWh, 200 kWh/domicílio/mês e 75 kWh/habitante/mês. Os cenários apresentaram demandas menores do que as dos cenários do PNE 2030 e maiores do que as da Matriz Energética de Minas Gerais 2007- 2030. As medidas que foram mais efetivas para a redução da demanda de energia elétrica foram a substituição de lâmpadas incandescentes por outras mais eficientes e a utilização de outras fontes para o aquecimento de água para banho, como aquecimento solar e gás. Em todos os cenários, o maior crescimento da demanda foi no uso final Condicionamento Ambiental. Foi observado também um aumento da demanda para o uso final Lazer. Para todos os cenários foram realizadas análises de acordo com os usos finais e as classes de renda
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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