1,721,103 research outputs found
Il Tesoro della Sanità
No full textL’Accademia Italiana di Storia della Farmacia, che ha come fine la diffusione e l'incremento degli studi storico-farmaceutici in tutti i loro aspetti, incoraggia e sostiene tutte le iniziative atte a ricercare i tesori nascosti in biblioteche e in sorprendenti fondi e archivi privati. In quest’ottica per questo libro le autrici hanno indagato le sezioni Silvestriana e Concordiana della Biblioteca dell'Accademia dei Concordi di Rovigo. Si è così potuto reperire un centinaio di opere tra storie naturali, trattati di medicina, erbari (talvolta in unione con bestiari e lapidari), prontuari farmaceutici, suggerimenti alimentari e consigli di igiene, che vanno dalla fine del Quattrocento sino all'ultimo decennio dell'Ottocento. Tutta la documentazione è proposta agli specialisti e alle persone dotte, ma pure agli appassionati e ai lettori comuni tramite uno splendido corredo iconografico: un itinerario nel passato per riavvolgere il film del lento, difficile e tortuoso cammino compiuto dall’uomo per preservare o riacquistare il benessere fisico e psichico. Lo studio guiderà il lettore nel viaggio entro il ricco patrimonio librario dell’Accademia dei Concordi, che riesce sempre a sorprendere con nuove meraviglie
Antidermatophytic activity of herniarin in Chamomile preparations
No full textFungal cultures of Microsporum cookei were incubated with aqueous extract of german chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert], herniarin (100 and 23 μg/ml) and umbelliferone (100 and 5.5 μg/ml). At the end of the incubation period, the mycelia were irradiated with UVA for 90 min. The fungal morphology was compared with that of control cultures by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. No fungistatic and ultrastructural anomalies were observed for umbelliferone after UVA irradiation. On the contrary herniarin and chamomile extracts show a clear antifungal activity.The main changes were due to inhibition of hyphal outgrowth, apical furcation, alteration of nuclear morphology, deposition of minute electron-dense vesicles in the cytoplasm and thickening of the cell wall. Abnormalities were also involving the mitochondrial feature. These results suggest that the antidermatophytic activity of german chamomile preparations is due to combined effect of herniarin and UVA irradiation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Piante officinali: Antifungal photodynamic activity of alcoholic extract from tagetes patula l
No full textThe photodynamic effect of 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butinyl)-2,2’-bithienyl on dermatophytes
Full text linkThe thiophene 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butinyl)2,2[prime prime or minute]-bithienyl (BBTOH) strongly inhibited in vitro eight different dermatophytes. Epidermophyton floccosum proved most sensitive to all doses of BBTOH when applied in conjunction with uv-A irradiation. BBTOH also proved quite active against Nannizia cajetani, the only dermatophyte which was also strongly inhibited when treated (50 [mu]g ml[minus sign]1) and kept in the dark. For this reason, N. cajetani was chosen as the test organism for TEM and SEM aimed at determining what treatment-induced ultrastructural and morphological modifications had occurred. TEM revealed that the photoactive mechanism of BBTOH was similar to that of 2,2[prime prime or minute][ratio]5[prime prime or minute],2[double prime or second]-terthienyl ([alpha]-T). SEM, on the other hand, showed that early culture aging resulted from treatment
Antifungal effects of alpha-terthienyl from Tagetes patula on five dermatophytes
No full textAlpha-terthienyl (αT), a thiophene compound isolated from Tagetes patula (Asteraceae), exhibits antifungal activity towards five strains of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. violaceum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum cookei). αT plus UVA irradiation for 90 min acted as a fungistatic at concentrations between 6 μM and 24 μM. Between 1 and 10 days after irradiation, the fungal growth was reduced or arrested with marked responses for T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and M. cookei. The ultrastructural events that occur in Trichophyton mentagrophytes after treatment were studied by electron microscopy. In the dark, αT caused no important ultrastructural modifications within the hyphae. After UVA irradiation the photoactive compound caused damage to membranes of the nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmolytic and autolytic changes resulted in plasma membrane breakage and in cell wall aberrations. UVA-activated αT would appear to target protein-rich membranes of the dermatophytes
Antifungal activity of six newly synthesized triazoles
No full textAzole-derived antifungal agents have been studied in depth and successfully used in medicine (Kelly and Kelly, 1993). In recent years, the research and synthesis of azole-based antifungal agents have been focusing more selectively on the triazole family of substances, including fluconazole, itraconazole and terconazole. Indeed, the advantage of these compounds is their low hepatic toxicity and the fact that they have a less harmful effect on sterol synthesis in man (Saag and Dismukes, 1988) than, for example, the better known imidazole derivatives (Srivastava et al. 1991). With the aim of finding new, more active antifungal agents, the present investigation has evaluated in vitro the antifungal activity of six newly synthesized triazoles (Table 1) versus the fungal pathogen Nannizzia cajetani
Cytological characterization of a giant strain of Euglena gracilis obtained from dark-starved cultures
No full textEuglena gracilis green cells were dark‐starved for four months. After this period almost the entire population died, while a few giant, viable cells appeared in the culture. The giantism was maintained after repeated subcultures in growth medium in light or dark conditions. However, the phenomenon was not permanent, and the morphological characteristics of the wild‐type Euglena were gradually restored. In giant cells nuclei enlarged greatly, DNA content increased and the Golgi apparatus greatly proliferated. Chloroplasts and mitochondria increased in number and size and often presented structural modifications when compared with normal Euglena. Importantly, in the giant cells that were maintained in darkness in resting or growth conditions chloroplasts persisted as structured organelles which appeared red‐fluorescent under UV illumination. Whether giantism is a phenotypic or a genotypic change is still debated. In our case, the evolution of this phenomenon, chiefly the enhanced DNA content, suggests that teratism is a multiploid mutation with the possibility of a return to the normoploid condition. Constitutive chloroplasts are present in most algae, except for a few species, among which is Euglena gracilis. The persistence of differentiated plastids in darkness in giant Euglena is considered to be a return to an ancestral condition and may, therefore, be phylogenetically important. 1993 Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft/German Botanical Societ
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