1,721,211 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Supplemental material for Frequency of post-stroke pneumonia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
No full textSupplemental material for Frequency of post-stroke pneumonia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies by Monica S Badve, Zien Zhou, Diederik van de Beek, Craig S Anderson and Maree L Hackett in International Journal of Stroke</p
Determination of the impact of nutrition screening and support on outcomes in acute hospital inpatients with malnutrition
No full textMalnutrition is a significant problem amongst adult acute hospital inpatients. Malnutrition regardless of its aetiology has been associated with poor outcomes in adult acute hospital inpatients. Studies have documented that malnourished patients have higher rates of mortality and morbidity, lower quality of life, longer lengths of hospital stay and increased hospital costs. These adverse outcomes of malnutrition highlight the need for early identification and treatment of malnutrition. No studies have investigated the impact of nutrition screening and support in a diverse adult acute hospital population. No quick, simple, reliable and valid nutrition screening tools were available in the literature and hence such a tool was developed.\ud
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The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nutrition screening and support on outcomes in adult acute hospital inpatients with malnutrition. The term nutrition support refers to nutrition counselling and/or oral nutrition supplementation. Subjective global assessment was used to diagnose malnutrition.\ud
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All patients admitted to a Brisbane hospital during an eight month study period were eligible for inclusion in the study, except for the following exclusions: patients with a length of stay of less than two days; patients whose medical officer did not permit their inclusion in the study; patients under the age of 18 years; maternity patients; patients with a diagnosed mental illness; patients who did not speak English; patients who had notable physical, cognitive or emotional limitations which prevented them from completing the study protocol; patients receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition; and if the patient was unavailable at the time of assessment.\ud
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A sample population of 612 subjects was obtained, representing 11.9 percent of the total eligible patient population. In the sample population there were 296 ( 48.4 percent) male and 316 (51.6 percent) female subjects. The average age was 58.5 ± 15. 8 ( 18-91) years and the average length of stay was 8. 0 ± 6. 9 (2-7 6) days.\ud
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Subjects recruited during the first four months formed the usual practice group and subjects recruited during the last four months formed the screened or intervention group. There was no significant difference in the age, length of stay or gender distribution between the two study groups.\ud
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Subjects in both the usual practice and screened groups were screened using the malnutrition screening tool (MST) developed by the author. Subjects rated as at risk of malnutrition underwent subjective global assessment (SGA). The MST and SGA were conducted on admission for the screened group and retrospectively on discharge for the usual practice group for ethical reasons. Subjects who were defined as malnourished by SGA in the screened group received nutrition support. Subjects with malnutrition in the usual practice group did not receive nutrition support.\ud
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Outcome parameters measured included: SGA, weight change, quality of life, patient satisfaction, length of stay, complication rates during admission, readmission rates within 28 days of discharge, mortality rates during admission and one month post admission.\ud
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Quality of life was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) instrument QLQ-C30 (version 2.0) on admission and one month post admission. Patient satisfaction with nutrition services was assessed one month post admission using an instrument developed by the author. SGA was assessed on admission and discharge. Self reported weight was assessed on admission and one month post admission.\ud
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Twenty-three percent of subjects were malnourished on admission to hospital. Subjects with malnutrition reported a _lower quality of life; longer lengths of stay; higher readmission and mortality rates than subjects who were well nourished. In many cases subjects with malnutrition were not recognised by nursing and/or medical staff, and therefore did not receive nutrition support. The malnutrition screening tool developed in this study is a quick, simple, reliable tool that can be used to identify patients at risk of malnutrition.\ud
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The impact of nutrition screening and support on outcomes such as nutritional status, quality of life, patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes in malnourished subjects was inconclusive. 'Usual practice' of nutrition care was limited in this study in terms of the frequency and duration of visits spent by nutrition staff with malnourished subjects. There was, however, a relationship between the quantity of nutrition services and improvements in nutritional status. This suggests that positive outcomes may have been observed if there had been a greater intensity of nutrition care provided to subjects with malnutrition. Further studies need to investigate the effect of variations in the frequency and duration of visits by nutrition staff on outcomes in malnourished subjects. In addition, the most effective mode of nutrition support should be established.\ud
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A major benefit to the organisation of identifying malnourished patients through nutrition screening is the documentation and coding of malnutrition as a comorbidity may result in a favourable financial reimbursement to the organisation under casemix based funding. Nutrition screening will identify patients at risk of malnutrition that would otherwise not be identified in the current system, and ensure that the organisation is appropriately reimbursed.\ud
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In conclusion, results of this study suggest that the implementation of nutrition screening and support on admission has the potential to provide favourable outcomes for patients with malnutrition. Further studies are required with more intensive nutrition support to confirm a relationship between nutrition support and positive outcomes in patients with malnutrition
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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