597 research outputs found
Reconceptualizing the teaching of controversial issues
No full textScience has a role to play in the resolution of many of the issues deemed controversial in all societies. However, evidence of a lack of public confidence in science and scientists as effective problem solvers continues to accumulate. This paper speculates that this lack of confidence might in part be due to the way in which science educators present controversial issues. In particular, we argue that current approaches to teaching about controversy do not sufficiently acknowledge the nature of the issues themselves. The paper proposes a set of principles as the basis for a reconceptualization of the teaching of controversial issues and gives an example of how they might be applied in the teaching of one topic
Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon 1941
No full textOn Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941 Thomson (1856) used for the first time the generic name Hammoderus to include a single species, H. buquetii Thomson, 1856 (type species by original monotypy). Currently, Hammoderus buquetii is known as Taeniotes luciani Thomson, 1859 (nomen novum to avoid homonymy with Taeniotes buquetii Tasté, 1841). According to Thomson (1859): “Le nom de T. Buquetii ayant déjà été employé par M. Taslé (Rev. zool., 1841, p. 14) pour désigner une espèce d’un genre voisin de celui-ci, j’ai substitué à cette première espèce celui de T. Luciani.” Thomson (1857) considered Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 as a subgenus of Taeniotes. According to him: “ L’Hammoderus Buquetii Thomson (Ann. Soc. Ent. 3e série 1856, vol. IV, p. 329, pl. 8, fig. 1), doit rentrer dans le genre Taeniotes, parmi les espèces de la première division, dont les élytres sont arrondies à l’extrémité”. Thus, Thomson (1857) defined the subgenus Taeniotes (Hammoderus) as having the elytral apex without spine, and included two species in this subgenus: T. (H.) buquetii and T. (H.) inermis. Thomson (1859) considered Hammoderus as a genus distinct from Taeniotes: “Le Taeniotes inermis, Thomson (Arch. Ent., I, 1857, p. 173), n’appartient probablement pas au genre actuel [Taeniotes], son dernier segment abdominal n’étant pas épineux; cette espèce peut être rapportée avec doute au G. Hammoderus, Dej., Cat., 3e édit., p. 367.” Although he had considered Hammoderus as a distinct genus, it is evident that he was referring to Hammoderus sensu Thomson (1856) for the inclusion of H. buquetii. Thomson (1860) formally differentiated Hammoderus from Taeniotes, attributing the first one to Dejean (1837). Four species were included, H. inermis (Fig. 33) and three others described in the same work: H. lacordairei (Fig. 32); H. sallei (Fig. 34) and H. spinipennis (Fig. 25). However, contrary to Thomson’s judgment, and according to Bousquet & Bouchard (2013): “ Hammoderus Dejean, 1835: 341 . Originally included available species: none.” Thus, Hammoderus cannot be attributed to Dejean (1835) and the actual author of this name is Thomson (1860). Agassiz (1846) replaced Hammoderus Dejean (1835) as Hammatoderus. However, as seen before, Hammoderus is an unavailable name in Dejean (1835). Consequently, Hammatoderus Agassiz, 1847 is also an unavailable name, because it is a replacement name for another unavailable name, without inclusion of species. Thomson (1864) designated the type species of Hammoderus Thomson, 1860: H. lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (“ Hammoderus Thomson. Ess. Class. Céramb. p. 98. Type: H. Lacordairei Thomson l. c. Mexique.”). So, two distinct generic taxa were described with the same name by Thomson in 1856 and 1860 – Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 and Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 – and, thus, these names are homonyms. The type species of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, is now placed in Taeniotes; hence, Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 is a junior synonym of Taeniotes. Hammoderus Thomson, 1860, in turn, is a junior homonym of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 and, consequently, it is considered as permanently invalid by the ICZN (1999, Articles 52.2 and 60.1). Thus, no taxon can be named using this name and one of its junior synonym must be used instead. According to Gemminger & Harold (1873): “ Hammatoderus. άΜΜα, nodus; δέρη, collum. Thomson. Classif. Longic. 1860. p. 98. (emend.) Hammoderus Thoms. ” Seven species were included: H. elatus Bates, 1872; H. impluviatus Lacordaire, 1869; H. inermis; H. lacordairei; H. rubefactus Bates, 1872; H. sallei; H. spinipennis. Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 is an unjustified emendation. Thus, according to the ICZN (1999): “33.2. Emendations. Any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than a mandatory change is an "emendation"”; and, “33.2.3. Any other emendation is an "unjustified emendation"; the name thus emended is available and it has its own author and date and is a junior objective synonym of the name in its original spelling; it enters into homonymy and can be used as a substitute name.” Also according to the ICZN (1999): “67.8. Type species of nominal genus-group taxa denoted by new replacement names (nomina nova). If an author publishes a new genus-group name expressly as a new replacement name (nomen novum) for a previously established name, or replaces a previously established genus-group name by an unjustified emendation [Art. 33.2.3], both the prior nominal taxon and its replacement have the same type species, and type fixation for either applies also to the other, despite any statement to the contrary.” Thus, the type species of Hammatoderus is the same of Hammoderus Thomson (1860): Hammoderus lacordairei. Dillon & Dillon (1941) established Plagiohammus as a replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860: “Thomson in his description of Hammoderus in the second sense (1860), included lacordairei, sallei, inermis and spinipennis. Of these spinipennis is the form most frequently encountered, and is selected as the genotype. In his first use of the generic name Hammoderus, he described buquetii with it, which species is now in Taeniotes under T. luciani.” However, as seen above, Hammatoderus was an older available name to replace Hammoderus Thomson, 1857. Hence, Plagiohammus is a junior synonymy of Hammatoderus. Article 23.9 (ICZN 1999) cannot be used to maintain Plagiohammus because the Article 23.9.1.2 is not applicable. In summary: Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, invalid name by being a junior subjective synonym of Taeniotes Audinet-Serville, 1835 Type species— Hammoderus buquetii, by original monotypy (= Taeniotes luciani Thomson, 1859). Hammoderus Thomson, 1860; senior objective synonym of Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 and Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; and permanently invalid by being a junior homonym of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856. Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (designated by Thomson, 1864) Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873; valid name: replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 (non Hammoderus Thomson, 1856). Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (designated by Thomson, 1864). Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; proposed as an unnecessary replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860, not Hammatoderus spinipennis as proposed by Dillon & Dillon (1941) (see article 67.8 of the ICZN, 1999)Published as part of Botero, Juan Pablo & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2017, Four new species, taxonomic, and nomenclatural notes in Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 377-397 in Zootaxa 4231 (3) on pages 378-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/29091
Controversial issues: teachers’ attitudes and practices in the context of citizenship education
No full textCurrent conceptions of citizenship favour public involvement in dialogue on controversial issues such as GM food. ‘Students with higher levels of civic knowledge are more likely to expect to participate in political and civic activities as adults’ (Kerr, Lines, Blenkinsop and Schagen undated, p. 4). Young people need to be aware of the nature of controversy and be able to see how arguments are constructed to sway our opinions if they are to be fully scientifically literate. A survey of the literature suggests that the principles and methods relating to the teaching of controversial issues are themselves controversial. This irony is more relevant to teachers now than ever before. In England, the teaching of ‘Citizenship’ has been compulsory for students aged 11-16 in the state sector since September 2002. As it is currently framed, ‘Citizenship’ includes education for sustainable development and the teaching of the nature of controversy. This paper explores the issue of teachers’ readiness to use controversial issues in the classroom, and reports on research involving focus groups and questionnaires. We suggest that many teachers are under-prepared and feel constrained in their ability to handle this aspect of their work. We conclude by offering a set of foci for developing support materials to help teachers be more effective at teaching controversial issues
[Statement by Dillon S. Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority, before the Costello Committee (Dies Committee of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, July 6, 1943]
No full textWRA Director Dillon S. Myer's statement before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Myer addresses sensational and false reporting from the media regarding the resources used for the camps. States that WRA's actions are scrutinized both at home, and abroad and that these unfavorable media reports may lead to the mistreatment of detained American troops and undermine the unity of the American people.The War Relocation Authority (WRA), together with the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA), the Civil Affairs Division (CAD) and the Office of the Commanding General (OFG) of the Western Defense Command (WDC) operated together to segregate and house some 110,000 men women and children from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains documents and photographs relating to the establishment and administrative workings of the (WDC), the (WRA) and the (WCCA) for the year 1942
Debating Divorce: Moral Conflict in Ireland
No full textIn 1986 a national opinion poll indicated that over half of Irish voters favored an upcoming referendum to remove the constitutional ban on divorce. Yet, after nine weeks of vigorous debate during which forces on both sides of the issue presented their cases to the public, the amendment was defeated.
In Debating Divorce, Michele Dillon uses the divorce referendum debate in Ireland as a base from which to explore the long-standing sociological preoccupation with how societies decide questions of values. Focusing on culture and moral conflict, she examines the stances adopted by the major players in the debate: the government and the political parties, the Catholic church, women, the print and broadcast media, and activists,on both sides.
Although the issues of moral conflict that Dillon discusses have special relevance in demarcating Irish cultural values, they also apply to how people in general reason about morals and values. The author highlights the nature of moral discourse, the use of contradictory arguments in moral reasoning, the difficulty of trying to shift moral paradigms during non-revolutionary times, and the impossibility of keeping facts and values distinct as people grapple with conflicting moral claims.
Examining the divorce question within historical themes of economic insecurity and Catholic identity, Dillon argues that the discourses articulated during the debate illustrate a universal tension between the forces of tradition and those of modernity. She dissects Irish opposition to divorce in terms of current challenges to rationality and its association with progress and goodness.
Debating Divorce will appeal to sociologists and scholars of Irish studies, communication, culture, and religion, as well as to general readers with an interest in Ireland or moral discourse.
Michele Dillon, an Irish citizen, is assistant professor of communication at Rutgers University.
Michele Dillon places divorce reform in the context of national identity. She looks at how people argued about values and how key cultural aspirations shaped debate in the 1986 referendum on divorce in Ireland. Dillon clearly demonstrates that religion, not empirical evidence about the effects of divorce on society, was at the core of opposition to divorce. —Gender and Historyhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_european_history/1028/thumbnail.jp
Address by Dillon S. Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority on misinformation in media
No full textAddress by Dillon S. Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority on the National Broadcasting Company network regarding the actions of the WRA and media representation of the program. Iterates that the evacuation was precautionary and did not apply that incarcerees were accused of endangering public safety, that two-thirds of the incarcerees are American citizens, living arrangements and details of the incarceration camps, rumors that the food did not follow war rationing standards, work and clothing allowance, that the incarceration camps are not a source of pride for the American way of life, questions of loyalty and identity (Japanese vs. American identity), preparations for Tule Lake Segregation Camp. the demand for sugar beet harvesting, working outside the camp and the screening procedures required, and the desire for all "loyal" incarcerees to be resettled into communities across the US. Myer concludes with WRA statement of principles including believing a great majority of Japanese Americans will continue to stay in the country after incarceration, it being possible to distinguish loyal and disloyal people of Japanese ancestry, that loyalty cannot flourish in an atmosphere of discrimination, and the actions of the WRA are important both for the country and international community.The War Relocation Authority (WRA), together with the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA), the Civil Affairs Division (CAD) and the Office of the Commanding General (OFG) of the Western Defense Command (WDC) operated together to segregate and house some 110,000 men women and children from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains documents and photographs relating to the establishment and administrative workings of the (WDC), the (WRA) and the (WCCA) for the year 1942
Mechanistic interrogations of ribosomal and non-ribosomal natural product enzymes
No full textDescribed herein is my thesis work towards structural and biochemical characterization of bacterial proteins involved in metabolite regulation and natural product biosynthesis. In the first case, I will describe the structural basis for transcriptional regulation of a small molecule metabolite, p-coumarate, and the remaining cases involve enzymes responsible for biosyntheses of complex natural products. Among the natural product cases are those falling under the class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), with a particular emphasis on the thiopeptide subclass of RiPPs. Additionally, characterization of an off-loading enzyme involved in hybrid polyketide/non-ribosomal peptide (PK-NRP) natural product biosynthesis is described.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Dillon Cogan, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-03 at 18:53.The student, Dillon Cogan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-03 at 19:08.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-08 at 16:47.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13487 on 2019-08-22 at 16:20:40Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
COGAN-DISSERTATION-2019.pdf: 32735448 bytes, checksum: b645ad392d421bcceb37c1073332735a (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4209 bytes, checksum: 52fd7dd5accac71456bceeb4b1910f0e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2019-04-08Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 112279 on 2021-08-24T09:15:38Z
A NEW ENDEMIC SPECIES OF NOLANA (SOLANACEAE-NOLANEAE) FROM NEAR IQUIQUE, CHILE
No full textAbstractIn connection with studies on the fog oasis or lomas formations at Alto Patache near Iquique, Chile, the first author encountered several Nolana species, including one new to science described here, N. patachensis J. Hepp & M. O. Dillon (Solanaceae-Nolaneae). The new species is diagnosed, described, illustrated with photographs, and compared to nearest geographic neighbors in northern Chile. To an aid in recognition, a key to Nolana species reported from region of Tarapacá is provided. Putative relationships between the various Nolana species encountered at the type locality are discussed. Conservation efforts at the type locality are highlighted, including its unique environmental conditions, biota and potential threats.Keywords: Nolana, Nolaneae, endemics, lomas formations, new species, region of Tarapacá, Chile, conservation, Solanaceae. ResumenEn relación a los estudios sobre el oasis de niebla o las formaciones de lomas en Alto Patache cerca de Iquique, Chile, el primer autor recolectó varias especies de Nolana, incluida una nueva especie para la ciencia que aquí se describe, N. patachensis J. Hepp & M. O. Dillon (Solanaceae-Nolaneae). Además de la descripción, se realiza la diagnosis, se ilustra con fotografías y se compara con las especies vecinas más cercanas del norte de Chile. Para ayudar al reconocimiento, se proporciona una clave para las especies de Nolana reportadas para la región de Tarapacá. También se discuten las relaciones putativas entre las diversas especies de Nolana encontradas en la localidad del tipo; así mismo, se resaltan los esfuerzos de conservación en la localidad tipo, incluyendo sus condiciones ambientales únicas, biota y amenazas potenciales.Palabras clave: Nolana, Nolaneae, endémicas, formaciones de lomas, especie nueva, región de Tarapacá, Chile, conservación, Solanaceae
[A statement on the present policies of the War Relocation Authority]
No full textStatement from War Relocation Authority Director D.S. [Dillon Seymour] Myer on the closing of incarceration camps by January 2, 1946. Statement informs public that camps will be closed other than Tule Lake Segregation camp, camps may be closed earlier with 3 months advanced notice to incarcerees, justification for releasing the incarcerees into communities including being cut out of American life and being the target of racism and hostility if they continue to stay, information about resettlement assistance, the early closure of incarceration camp schools, and limiting visits to the camps.The War Relocation Authority (WRA), together with the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA), the Civil Affairs Division (CAD) and the Office of the Commanding General (OFG) of the Western Defense Command (WDC) operated together to segregate and house some 110,000 men women and children from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains documents and photographs relating to the establishment and administrative workings of the (WDC), the (WRA) and the (WCCA) for the year 1942
Experimental and computational study of the influence of pre-damage patterns in unreinforced masonry crack propagation due to induced, repeated earthquakes
No full textInduced seismicity in the north of the Netherlands has recently exposed unprepared, unreinforced masonry structures to considerable earthquake risk. While the ultimate-limit state capacity of the structures is vital to assess the individual’s risk, their behavior during more frequent, lighter earthquakes, leading to ‘lighter damage’, has shown to be strongly linked to economic losses and societal unrest. When observing the light damage caused by minor earthquakes, the existing state of the structure appears to be highly relevant for the final damage intensity and configuration: earthquakes that may have otherwise caused no apparent damage, may intensify existing damage. In particular, incipient damage due to settlements is common in the baked-clay and calcium-silicate brick masonry structures of the region.This paper details the study of full-scale laboratory walls, pre-damaged following typical (crack) patterns caused by settlements and tested with quasi-static lateral loads. The aggravation of the damage during a relevant number of load cycles is monitored using full-field digital image correlation. The damage is quantified objectively using a purposely-developed damage parameter.The tests are used (together with previous studies) to further calibrate computational finite element models, which coupled with detailed soil-structure interaction boundary conditions, are then employed to assess a larger number of structural geometries and pre-damaged configurations exposed to (repeated) induced earthquake acceleration histories.Both experimental and computational approaches show that settlement pre-damage in masonry structures increases the likelihood and the amount of further damage. This is more easily observed when some initial, yet limited damage exists and the masonry wall is exposed to moderate earthquake vibrations in the order of 30 millimeters per second.Accepted Author ManuscriptApplied Mechanic
- …
