1,720,961 research outputs found
Mânăstirea Plătăreşti, jud. Călăraşi (1999) / Le monastère de Plǎtǎreşti (Dép. de Cǎlǎraşi) (1999)
No full textL’ensemble monastique a été édifié en siècle pendant le règne du voïvode Matei Basarab (1632– 1654). Il s’agit d’une enceinte rectangulaire comprenant une maison sur son côté nord, une tour clocher sur le côté ouest et une église de plan triconque au milieu. Au cours des siècles le monastère a été plusieurs fois abîmé, transformé en prison, dépôt, hôpital, jusqu''à nos jours quand l’église est devenue église paroissiale. A l’occasion d’un projet de restauration, en 1999 on a effectué des fouilles archéologiques. Les 15 tranches ont eu comme but l’enregistrement des données concernant la maison (princière) – l’évolution des phases, la structure et la profondeur des fondations, des murs, l’évolution des niveaux de construction, les relations avec d’autres bâtiments (cellules) ; l’identification de l’ancienne tour clocher et d’autres éventuelles constructions. La maison dite princière, qui superpose une cave, a été fouillée uniquement à l’extérieur et on a enregistré la situation suivante : la paroi du nord a été bâtie en même temps que l’entrée du cave ; dans une autre étape, à l’extrémité de l’est de cette paroi, on a ajouté une toilette. La fondation a été bâtie en briques et mortier. Les bâtiments (cellules) du côté sud ont été ajoutés plus tard à la maison. Plus tard, peut être au XIXe siècle, l’aspect original de la maison a été modifié par la construction d’une nouvelle façade. Les tranches effectuées dans la zone de l’entrée ont mis à jour des fondations appartenant à l’ancienne tour clocher. Au nord, ajouté à la fondation de la tour clocher, se trouve un mur qui indique, à ce stade de la recherche, la présence d’un bâtiment entre la tour clocher et la maison dite princière. Les fondations du mur d’enceinte ont été bâties en même temps que l’ancienne tour clocher. Les bâtiments (cellules) du côté nord ont été refaits dans une autre étape, la paroi du nord superposant l’ancienne fondation et la paroi du sud étant déplacée vers le nord avec 60– 70 cm. La fondation originaire est ajoutée à la fondation de maison. Dans le cas du bâtiment du côté sud on constate aussi une étape de reconstruction. Les bâtiments du côté est sont des constructions modernes avec fondations en béton de la même manière que la tour clocher actuel. Au niveau actuel des recherches l’évolution de l’ensemble est la suivante : 1. la maison dite princière ; 2. l’ancienne tour clocher, le mur d’enceinte et le bâtiment du côté ouest ; 3. les bâtiments du côté nord et sud ; 4. reconstruction des bâtiments des côtés nord et sud ; 5. l’entrée actuelle, la nouvelle tour clocher, le bâtiment du côté est. Les premières trois étapes se sont déroulées dans un intervalle assez court à partir de la deuxième moitié du XVIIe siècle jusqu’au début du XVIIIe siècle. La quatrième étape date du XIXe siècle, et la cinquième appartient au XXe siècle. La stratigraphie générale est la suivante : 1. argile – stérile archéologique ; 2. couche châtaine – l’âge de fer (La Tène) ; 3. couche rougeâtre jaune – résultée de l’excavation de la cave ; 4. niveau de construction de la maison princière ; 5 niveau de construction des bâtiments ; 6 niveau de construction de l’ancienne tour clocher ; 7. d’autres interventions constructives, refaites différentes ; 8. couche terre gris. Au cours des fouilles archéologiques on a trouvé quelques fragments céramiques, dont la plus part appartiennent aux XVIIe– XIXe siècles, un seul fragment datant de l’âge du fer.Ioniţă Adrian, Marcu Istrate Daniela. Mânăstirea Plătăreşti, jud. Călăraşi (1999) / Le monastère de Plǎtǎreşti (Dép. de Cǎlǎraşi) (1999). In: Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), N°2 2007. 2000-2006. pp. 143-168
Biserica evanghelică din Saschiz, judeţul Mureş. Cercetări arheologice (II): cimitirul exterior / The Evangelical church at Saschiz, Mureş County. Archaeological research (II): the cemetery around the church
No full textThe study analyses the burials uncovered around the evangelical church in Saschiz, thus supplementing the previously published data about this monument. Archaeological research, carried out at the time of restoration works, has identified several dozen burials, irregularly spread around the church. The necropolis has a low density of burials, the graves are unevenly distributed and their overlaps suggest family burial places. The burial ritual is straightforward – all the deceased have been laid to rest lying on their back, with the forearms set over their body. An interesting feature is that most graves did not respect the traditional head‐ to‐ west orientation, being influenced by the church''s orientation, on the NW– SE axis. None of the graves had grave goods, so the chronological framework has been established based on the date of the church, stratigraphic study and the lack of burials older than the church. According to these features, the burials began at the earliest after the middle of the 15th century and ceased after almost a century. The topo‐ chronological characteristics show that the short‐ lived funerary function of the church was for the benefit of a select number of parishioners, most likely belonging to the forefront families of the community. The archaeological research in Saschiz has thus documented a rather rare situation in the colonists’ environment – one in which the parish graveyard was functioning, around the year 1500, in a different location than the church.Articolul analizează mormintele descoperite în exteriorul bisericii evanghelice din Saschiz, completând, astfel, datele publicate anterior despre acest monument. Cercetarea arheologică, realizată cu ocazia restaurării, a identificat câteva zeci de morminte, dispuse neregulat în jurul bisericii. Necropola este rarefiată, mormintele sunt repartizate inegal, iar suprapunerile sugerează existența unor locuri de înmormântare familiale. Ritualul de înmormântare este simplu, toți decedații fiind depuși în poziţie culcat pe spate, cu antebrațele așezate în diferite poziții pe bazin sau abdomen. Un aspect interesant este acela că majoritatea mormintelor nu au respectat orientarea tradițională cu capul către vest, fiind influențate de orientarea bisericii, puternic deviată pe axa NV– SE. Niciunul dintre morminte nu a avut obiecte de inventar, drept urmare limitele cronologice ale cimitirului au fost stabilite pe baza datării edificiului religios, a absenței înmormântărilor anterioare acestuia și a studiului stratigrafic. Conform acestor factori, înhumările au început cel mai devreme după mijlocul secolului al XV‐ lea și au încetat după aproape un secol. Caracteristicile topo‐ cronologice ale cimitirului arată că funcția funerară a bisericii a fost de scurtă durată și accesibilă unui număr restrâns de enoriași, cel mai probabil proveniți din familiile reprezentative ale comunității. Astfel, cercetările arheologice de la Saschiz au documentat o situație destul de rar întâlnită în mediul coloniștilor, în care cimitirul parohial a funcționat, în jurul anului 1500, în alt loc decât biserica.Marcu Istrate Daniela. Biserica evanghelică din Saschiz, judeţul Mureş. Cercetări arheologice (II): cimitirul exterior / The Evangelical church at Saschiz, Mureş County. Archaeological research (II): the cemetery around the church. In: Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), N°14 2018. pp. 249-264
Arhitectura religioasă medievală din Transilvania [papers presented on the ... International Conference on "Medieval Ecclesiastical Architecture in Transylvania" organized in Satu Mare on ... ]
No full textCahle transilvănene având decoraţie cavaleri din secolele XV-XVI I (cavalerul în turnir)
No full textSchitul de la Berislăveşti, jud. Vâlcea (1999) / Le monastère de Berislǎveşti (Dép. de Vâlcea) (1999)
No full textL’ensemble monastique a été édifié au milieux du XVIIIe siècle par le boyard Sandu Bucşenescu. Il s’agit d’une enceinte rectangulaire comprenant une maison d’abbé sur le côté du nord, une tour clocher sur le côté ouest, une église de plan triconque au milieu, et d’autres bâtiments (cellules) sur le côté sud. A l’occasion d’un projet de restauration, en 1999, on a effectué des fouilles archéologiques. Les 10 tranches (seulement neuf effectivement fouillées) ont eu comme but l’enregistrement des données concernant les caractéristiques techniques du bâtiments actuel – l’évolution des phases, la structure et la profondeur des fondations et des murs, l’évolution des niveaux de construction ; l’identification d’autres éventuelles constructions. Les fouilles ont rélevé plusieurs étapes de construction de l’ensemble monastique. Les fondations sont bâties en pierre et mortier contenant de très petits fragments de brique. Les murs sont construits en brique et en pierre. Au niveau actuel des recherches l’évolution de l’ensemble est la suivante : 1. l’église (1752– 1753) ; 2. la tour clocher et le mur d’enceinte du moins les côtés nord et ouest (déjà édifiés en 1762) ; 3. corps central de la maison d’abbé ; 4. chambre 1 (le beffroi) ; 5. chambres 2– 4 ; 6. chambre 8 (le côté est de la maison) ; 7. d’autres bâtiments ajoutés au côté ouest du mur d’enceinte au nord et au sud de la tour clocher ; bâtiments ajoutés à l’aille du nord y compris la véranda de la maison d’abbé. La stratigraphie générale, très simple, est la suivante : 1. argile – stérile archéologique ; 2. couche châtaine – terrassement pour préparer le terrain de la construction de l’église ; 3. très fine couche de cendre – résultée d’un déboisement par incendie avant la construction de l’église ; 4. niveau de construction des différentes bâtiments (cellules) de l’ensemble – mortier, pierre et brique ; 5 couche récente – terre châtain ou gris pigmenté de traces de mortier et de brique – qui indique d’interventions des XIXe – XXe siècles. Au cours des fouilles archéologiques on a trouvé quelques fragments céramiques, tous appartenant à l’époque moderne. Il faut souligner qu’ avant la construction de l’église (milieu du XVIIIe siècle) n’existe aucune trace d’habitation dans cet endroit.Marcu Istrate Daniela, Ioniţă Adrian. Schitul de la Berislăveşti, jud. Vâlcea (1999) / Le monastère de Berislǎveşti (Dép. de Vâlcea) (1999). In: Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), N°2 2007. 2000-2006. pp. 169-186
Biserica evanghelică din Saschiz, jud. Mureş. Cercetări arheologice (I)
No full textSaschiz (Keisd, Sászkézd vára) is located in the south-eastern part of Transylvanian, in the area of Saxon colonization. We have to look for its medieval origin during the eleventh to the twelfth centuries. It was first mentioned in documents in 1309 and during the fourteenth to the fifteenth centuries, it was a regionally important settlement, in many ways comparable to Sighişoara. The Evangelical church was built in a late gothic style in the years 1493– 1525. Its originality consists in the architectural project, which included from the beginning, the necessary components for a double functionality : a church and a fortress that can protect the inhabitants in case of an unexpected danger. The church in Saschiz thus became the model for an entire series of fortified churches in southern Transylvania, known as “ reduit churches”. The church consists of a large nave (41 × 4 m), an elongated choir, closed with a polygonal apse and a sacristy on the northern side. The sacristy is next to the choir and it is superposed as so, on the outside, it resembles a small tower. All these constructions are superposed by a bracketed defense floor, supported by buttresses. A fortified tower is placed on the northern side, about 10 meters away from the church. The archaeological research was conducted along with a restoration project between 1999– 2010. The excavations were concentrated on relatively small surfaces, outside the church, inside the tower and inside the choir. The research mainly tried to solve some technical problems concerning the characteristics and stability of the building, the construction stages and the evolution of the ground level. This article presents the research on the church, the investigations in the tower area, the cemetery and the archaeological materials are to represent a future paper. The Evangelical church in Saschiz was built on a short, irregular plateau, with a higher area in the central part of the current nave. The foundation ditches were lowered in a layer of yellow clay, with hard, brown insertions, almost petrified in some segments. The ditches generally go 1.3 meters deep, with variations determined by the rigid structure of the soil, most accentuated in the sacristy area. The masonry infrastructure of the church is regular, made of river stone and local sandstone of variable sizes ; a large quantity of relatively friable mortar, made of lime and sand was used. The profile of the foundations is irregular, mostly viewed from the outside. The archaeological research has established that the church, formed of a large nave, elongated choir, closed with a polygonal apse and a sacristy on the northern side, was built on a single stage of construction, including the buttresses, as foreseen in the initial project. The first ground level, laid out on the inside, consisted of a tile floor with brick measuring 36 × 18 cm. The floor was identified in the nave at a depth of – 0.4 m. It was evidenced that, inside the choir, after the construction of the foundations, the surface was leveled out, the ground floor being standardized at around – 0.2 m, by a thick, clayish layer that must have been part of the structure of a first paving. The first ground level inside the apse of the altar is hypothetically proposed around level 0.00, corresponding to the inferior level of an ancient plaster layer. The ground level before the restoration is. in the nave and choir at – 0.1 m (on average) and inside the apse of the altar at + 0.46 m. A cemetery developed around the church, of which we have managed to research over 30 graves. The necropolis is thin and the overlappings suggest the existence of familial burial grounds. We did not notice burials prior to the church ; therefore the inhumations have started as early as the beginning of the construction site, around 1500. As we know, these cemeteries were closed toward the middle of the sixteenth century, after the Reformation, whose adoption in Saschiz is accepted for the year 1545. The fact that the cemetery is not much extended is therefore explainable by its limited duration, which we can estimate to the first half of the sixteenth century. An exception are the inside burials, usually reserved for peers of the community, especially clergy and their families. These inside burials have continued even after the closing of the exterior cemetery. Although the excavations were relatively small, we can conclude that on this spot there never was an older church. We have not identified any kind of vestiges (ruins, stratigraphic deposits, cemetery or artifacts) that could relate to an older stage of constructions. The older speciality papers have constantly claimed such an evolution, in which the older church of the Saxon community, probably a twelfth century basilica, was more or less directly overlapped by the fortified nave church at the end of the fifteenth century. Such a theory was sustained by the presence of a small lapidary inside the church, by the use of profiled carved stones in the gothic building and, of course, that fact that, naturally, this is the evolution of most of the Saxon communities in southern Transylvania (among churches of different stages of construction one can notice a spatial continuity). However, the archaeological discoveries at Saschiz did not confirm such a scenario. It is evident that the Romanesque church functioned in a different location, together with its own cemetery. This is probably the cemetery that remained, after the Reformation, the main community cemetery.Localitatea Saschiz (Keisd, Sászkézd vára) se află în partea de sud-est a Transilvaniei, în zona de colonizare săsească, originile sale medievale fiind de căutat în secolele XI– XII. Prima menţiune documentară datează din 1309, iar în secolele XIV– XV era o localitate de importanţă regională, comparabilă în multe situaţii cu Sighişoara. Biserica evanghelică a fost construită în stil gotic târziu în intervalul 1493– 1525, originalitatea ei fiind dată de proiectul arhitectural care a inclus de la început componentele necesare unei duble funcţiuni, biserică şi în acelaşi timp fortificaţie care poate asigura refugiul şi apărarea eficientă a locuitorilor în cazul unui pericol neaşteptat. Biserica este alcătuită dintr-o sală de dimensiuni mari, un cor alungit încheiat cu o absidă poligonală şi o sacristie pe partea de nord, alipită corului şi supraetajată, astfel încât din exterior are aspectul unui mic turn – toate acestea suprapuse de un etaj de apărare ieşit în consolă şi sprijinit pe contraforturi. Un turn fortificat este amplasat pe latura de nord, la cca 10 m distanţă de biserică. Cercetarea arheologică s-a derulat în contextul deschiderii unui şantier de restaurare în intervalul 1999– 2010, fiind concentrată pe suprafeţe relativ restrânse în exteriorul bisericii, în interiorul turnului şi în interiorul corului. Articolul prezintă cercetările efectuate asupra bisericii, urmând ca investigaţiile din zona turnului, cimitirul şi materialele arheologice descoperite să fie publicate ulterior. Cercetarea arheologică a stabilit că biserica formată din navă, cor alungit încheiat cu absidă pentagonală şi sacristie pe latura de nord, a fost construită într-o singură etapă, inclusiv contraforturile fiind prevăzute în proiectul iniţial. În jurul bisericii s-a dezvoltat un cimitir din care au fost cercetate peste 30 de morminte. Deşi săpăturile au fost relativ restrânse, putem concluziona că nu a existat un lăcaş de cult mai vechi pe acelaşi amplasament. Niciun fel de vestigii care să poată fi legate de o astfel de etapă nu au fost identificate, prin vestigii înţelegând ruine, depuneri stratigrafice, cimitir aferent sau artefacte care să poată documenta o astfel de prezenţă. Literatura de specialitate mai veche a susţinut constant o astfel de evoluţie, în care vechea biserică a comunităţii săseşti, probabil o bazilică din secolul al XII-lea, a fost suprapusă mai mult sau mai puţin direct de biserica sală fortificată de la sfârşitul secolului al XV-lea. O astfel de teorie a fost susţinută de prezenţa unui mic lapidariu în interiorul bisericii, de refolosirea unor pietre profilate în clădirea gotică, şi desigur de faptul că în mod firesc lucrurile au evoluat în acest fel în majoritatea comunităţilor săseşti din sudul Transilvaniei, între bisericile din diferite etape conservându-se o continuitate spaţială. La Saschiz realităţile constatate arheologic nu confirmă însă un astfel de scenariu, fiind evident faptul că biserica romanică a funcţionat pe un alt amplasament, împreună cu cimitirul aferent, rămas probabil până la Reformă cimitir principal al comunităţii.Marcu Istrate Daniela. Biserica evanghelică din Saschiz, jud. Mureş. Cercetări arheologice (I). In: Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), N°7 2011. pp. 115-151
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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