1,721,205 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cosmic Ray propagation close to supernova remnants
No full textTalk by Alexandre Marcowith at CRATER2018, Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cosmic Rays transport in the weakly ionized interstellar medium
No full textLe rayonnement cosmique joue un rôle fondamental dans la dynamique de la galaxie. Les processus par lesquels ce rayonnement est injecté dans le milieu interstellaire et la manière dont il impacte son environnement représentent une branche active de la recherche en astrophysique. Bien que les restes de supernovae sont considérées comme les principaux accélérateurs du rayonnement cosmique, il n'existe pas de modèle d'injection qui permette efficacement d'expliquer la distribution spectrale du rayonnement cosmique telle qu'observée depuis la surface de la Terre, ni qui ne puisse être confirmé par les observations du ciel à haute énergie. De plus, les effets du rayonnement cosmique sur la dynamique turbulente du milieu interstellaire faiblement ionisé et en particulier leur impact sur le taux de formation d'étoile de la galaxie sont encore méconnus.Dans cette thèse, j'ai développé un modèle d'injection et de transport du rayonnement cosmique d'énergie 1 GeV à 100 TeV s'échappant des restes de supernovae de type Ia et se propageant dans le milieu interstellaire faiblement ionisé à travers un nouveau code 1D de transport du rayonnement cosmique : CR SPECTRA. En s'échappant du reste, le rayonnement cosmique génère de la turbulence magnétique aux échelles du rayon de gyration des particules qui contribuent à confiner le rayonnement cosmique proche du choc du reste. Les nuages moléculaires dans l'environnement du reste représentent une signature observationnelle de cet effet de confinement.Un second travail a permis de modéliser l'interaction du rayonnement cosmique avec une phase thermiquement bi-stable faiblement ionisée du milieu interstellaire grâce au code 3D MHD RAMSES. Les propriétés de transport du rayonnement cosmique sont intimement liées aux propriétés de la turbulence magnétique dans le milieu. En particulier, j'ai montré que sous certaines conditions, le rayonnement cosmique empêche la formation de structures denses et contribue potentiellement à la réduction du taux de formations d'étoiles dans la galaxie.Cosmic rays play a fundamental role in the dynamics of the galaxy. The way it is injected into the interstellar medium and the processes it can impact over is an active research branch of Astrophysics. Although supernova remnants are thought to be the main cosmic ray accelerators there is no actual model for their injection that can efficiently explain their spectral distribution as observed on Earth and that can be validated by observations at high energy. Moreover, the effects of cosmic rays on the turbulent dynamic of the weakly ionized interstellar medium and in particular the galactic star formation rate stay unknown.In this thesis I have developed an injection and transport model for cosmic rays in the energy range 1 GeV to 100 TeV. The particles escape from Ia type supernovae remnants and propagate in the weakly ionized interstellar medium. This process is studied using a new 1D transport code called : CR SPECTRA. Having escaped from the remnant, cosmic rays drive magnetic turbulence at scales corresponding to their gyration radius which contribute to confine the particles close to the accelerator. Molecular clouds in the environment of the source represent preferential targets to probe the cosmic ray content using gamma-ray telescopes.In a second work, I have modeled the interactions of cosmic rays with a weakly ionized, thermally bi-stable interstellar medium using the 3D MHD code RAMSES. Cosmic rays transport properties are intimately linked with those of magnetic turbulence. In particular, I showed that under certain conditions, cosmic rays can prevent dense structures formations and can potentially contribute to reduce the star formation rate in the galaxy
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Cosmic Ray transport in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
No full textDans cette thèse, nous étudions les propriétés du transport de particules chargées de haute énergie dans des champs électromagnétiques turbulents.Ces champs ont été générés en utilisant le code magnétohydrodynamique (MHD) RAMSES, résolvant les équations de la MHD idéales compressibles. Nous avons développé un module pour générer la turbulence MHD, en utilisant une technique de forçage à grande échelle. Les propriétés des équations de la MHD font cascader l'énergie des grandes échelles vers les petites, développant un spectre en énergie suivant une loi de puissance, appelée zone inertielle. Nous avons développé un module permettant de calculer les trajectoires de particule chargée une fois le spectre turbulent établi. En injectant les particules à une énergie telle que l'inverse du rayon de Larmor des particules corresponde à un mode du spectre de Fourier dans la zone inertielle, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence un effet systématique lié à la loi de puissance du spectre. Cette méthode a montré que le libre parcours moyen est indépendant de l'énergie des particules jusqu'à des valeurs de rayon de Larmor proches de l'échelle de cohérence de la turbulence. La dépendance du libre parcours moyen avec le nombre de Mach alfvénique des simulations MHD a également produit une loi de puissance.Nous avons également développé une technique pour mesurer l'effet de l'anisotropie de la turbulence MHD sur les propriétés du transport des rayons cosmiques, au travers le calcul de champs magnétiques locaux. Cette étude nous a montré un effet sur coefficient de diffusion angulaire, accréditant l'hypothèse que les particules sont plus sensible aux variations de petites échelles.In this thesis, we study the transport properties of high energy charged particles in turbulent electromagnetic fields.These fields were generated by using the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code RAMSES, which solve the compressible ideal MHD equations. We have developed a module for generating the MHD turbulence, by using a large scale forcing technique. The MHD equations induce a cascading of the energy from large scales to small ones, developing an energy spectrum which follows a power law, called the inertial range.We have developed a module for computing the charged particle trajectories once the turbulent spectrum is established. By injecting the particles to energy such as the inverse of the particle Larmor radius corresponds to a mode in the inertial range of the Fourier spectrum, we have highlighted systematic effects related to the power law spectrum. This method showed that the mean free path is independent of the particules energy until the Larmor radius takes values close to the turbulence coherence scale. The dependence of the mean free path with the alfvénic Mach number produced a power law.We have also developed a technique to measure the anisotropy effect of the MHD turbulence in the cosmic rays transport properties through the calculation of local magnetic fields. This study has shown an effect on the pitch angle scattering coefficient, which confirmed the assumption that the particles are more sensitive to changes in small scales fluctuations
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