1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Attitudes of Suicide Prevention Workers toward Euthanasia
No full textExtensive research has been conducted on the attitudes of physicians and nurses toward euthanasia. However, little is known on the attitudes of suicide prevention workers (SPWs). The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the attitudes of SPWs toward euthanasia for a non-descript person versus for a loved one; (2) verify the association between personal factors (experiences, sociodemographics) and attitudes, and (3) explore personal experiences of SPWs in relation to grievous illness. A survey was sent out to all suicide prevention centres across Quebec (n=32). A majority of SPWs (55.7%) held positive attitudes toward euthanasia for a non-descript person and for a loved one (49.5%). Statistically significant differences were found in attitudes among SPWs who had personal and professional experiences. There were no other statistically significant differences in the attitudes of SPWs toward euthanasia for a non-descript person or for a loved one, and any of the sociodemographic factors. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of open-ended question on personal experiences of SPWs: respect of choice, suffering/low quality of life and palliative care. While some findings may be concluded from this study, it is essential that this topic be explored further as research on SPWs’ attitudes on euthanasia is limited. Research outcomes of this study can have important short-term and long-term implications on suicide prevention and training of SPWs to improve services offered to clients
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mourir chez soi dans une société postmortelle : une recherche-action participative auprès des personnes âgées en fin de vie, de proches aidants endeuillés et d’une équipe dédiée en soins palliatifs à domicile au Québec
No full textDans la province de Québec, le vieillissement de la population implique qu’il y aura plus de décès que de naissances dès 2032. Alors qu’une majorité de personnes âgées expriment une préférence pour le domicile comme lieu de soins et de décès, la littérature scientifique démontre un écart important entre cette préférence et le lieu de décès réel. Pour mieux comprendre les raisons de cet écart, cette thèse explore l’expérience des soins palliatifs à domicile (SPD) du point de vue des personnes âgées en fin de vie, de proches aidants endeuillés et d’une équipe dédiée en SPD au Québec. Une recherche-action participative a été réalisée au sein d’un programme de SPD de la grande région de Montréal entre 2017 et 2019. Quarante-cinq participants ont partagé leur expérience des SPD par le biais de l’observation participante (n=8), de groupes de discussion avec l’équipe dédiée en SPD (n=4), d’entretiens semi-dirigés avec des personnes âgées en fin de vie (n=8) et des proches aidants endeuillés (n=18). Selon une approche anthropologique appliquée à la santé des populations, un modèle explicatif des transformations du rapport à la mort en Occident a été élaboré pour démontrer les fondements sur lesquels reposent les expériences contemporaines du mourir et le sens accordé à ces expériences. Les enjeux du maintien des soins palliatifs à domicile jusqu’au décès ont été identifiés à travers quatre thèmes : les représentations socioculturelles des soins palliatifs, du mourir et de la mort, les expériences des SPD, l’organisation des SPD et la communication. À partir des résultats de la recherche, trois cycles d’action visant des changements de pratiques pour mieux soutenir la préférence des personnes âgées en fin de vie et leurs proches concernant le lieu de soins palliatifs et de décès ont été initiés.
In the province of Québec, ageing population means that there will be more deaths than births by 2032. While a majority of seniors express a preference for home death, the number of home death does not reflect their preference despite an increasing access to specialized palliative home care (SPHC). To understand this gap in order to better support the preferences of seniors and their loved ones, this thesis explores the experiences of specialized palliative home care (SPHC) from the perspective of seniors at the end of life, bereaved caregivers and a dedicated SPHC team in Quebec. A participatory action research was conducted within a SPHC program in the Greater Montreal area between 2017 and 2019. Forty-five participants shared their SPHC experiences through participant observation (n=8), focus group with SPHC team (n=4), semi-structured interviews with seniors receiving SPHC (n=8) and bereaved caregivers (n=18). Using a general inductive approach, a participative thematic analysis was carried out through meetings and discussions with SPHC team and bereaved caregivers. Using an anthropological approach applied to population health, an explanatory model of the transformations of the relationship to death in the West was developed to demonstrate the foundations on which contemporary experiences of dying are based and the meaning attributed to these experiences. Issues in maintaining SPHC until death were identified across four themes: socio-cultural representations of palliative care, dying and death; experiences of SPHC; SPHC organization; and communication. Based on the research findings, three cycles of action aimed at changes in practices to better support the preferences of seniors at the end of life and their loved ones for the place of palliative care and death were initiated
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Physician-Perceived Challenges in End of Life Care
No full textBackground: Multiple factors influence end of life care and can lead to barriers in the experience of care for patients and the delivery of care for physicians. It is vital to determine the possible challenges physicians may face in providing end of life care in order to understand and decrease these challenges. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the different challenges physicians face in the provision of quality end of life care. Methods: First, a scoping review was conducted on five databases to gather knowledge on the current literature on physician-perceived challenges in end of life care. Subsequently, a secondary data analysis was performed from the results of a pan-Canadian study with 1 060 respondents on medical end of life practices to: (1) measure the frequency of physician-perceived challenges based on the last patient who died under their care in the last 12 months, and (2) assess the relationship between the challenges and the physician’s or patient’s sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The results of the scoping review on 40 studies identified ten challenges: physician’s characteristics, family issues, team conflicts, team and family conflicts, institutional and organizational factors, training and educational factors, religious challenges, ethnicity and value-related challenges, human rights issues, and language challenges. Results from the secondary data analysis revealed that 26.9% of physicians reported at least one challenge, such as family conflicts, in the provision of end of life care with the last patient who died under their care in the last 12 months. Conclusion: These challenges restrict quality end of life care. As such, targeted strategies should be implemented to mitigate these barriers to end of life care and improve care
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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