1,720,962 research outputs found
Seesaw longitudinal–transverse drainage patterns driven by Middle and Late Pleistocene climate cycles in the foreland basin of the south-eastern European Alps
No full textThe multi-proxy sediment provenance analysis of two sedimentary successions (GER1 core, 130 m long, and CB core, 103 m long) provides new data for detecting the temporal and spatial variations in fluvial drainage patterns and landscape evolution of the Venetian Plain (NE Italy) in relation to Middle–Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Detailed petrographic analyses, compared to present-day river signatures, highlight compositional variations of the sediments, providing crucial information for detecting the depositional histories of the two sites, which lie about 15 km apart, and considering a source-to-sink multi-source context. The successions span from a cold phase older than MIS 9/11 to MIS 1, and are chronostratigraphically well correlated from the MIS 7.3 marine transgression. Despite belonging to the same alluvial system since the Last Glacial Maximum, the GER1 and CB cores show different depositional histories during previous Marine Isotopic Stages, starting at least from MIS 8 (i.e., ca 300–250 ka). A glacial interval older than MIS 9/11, is encountered only within records of the GER1 core. Due to its composition and the particularly coarse grain size, it represents a key element for detecting the depositional dynamics of megafans during past climate oscillations. Conversely, the presence of sediments not fully ascribable to any of the present-day catchment suggests the existence of a trunk paleo-river, longitudinal to the foreland axis, flowing from west to east along the Po Plain and occasionally draining the Venetian Plain. A causal relationship between prograding mechanisms of transverse alluvial megafans and Pleistocene climate variations is detected, taking into account responses of local alluvial systems to glaciers' development, sediment yield from the orogenic hinterland, and sea-level lowstands and highstands. A focus on glacial termination phases allows identification of two additional incised valleys, established at the end of the pre-MIS 9/11 glaciation and of MIS 6
Seesaw longitudinal-transverse drainage patterns driven by Middle and Late Pleistocene climate cycles in the foreland basin of the south-eastern European Alps
No full textThe multi-proxy sediment provenance analysis of two sedimentary successions (GER1 core, 130 m long, and CB core, 103mlong) provides newdata for detecting the temporal and spatial variations in fluvial drainage patterns and landscape evolution of the Venetian Plain (NE Italy) in relation to Middle-Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Detailed petrographic analyses, compared to present-day river signatures, highlight compositional variations of the sediments, providing crucial information for detecting the depositional histories of the two sites, which lie about 15 km apart, and considering a source-to-sink multi-source context. The successions span from a cold phase older than MIS 9/11 to MIS 1, and are chronostratigraphically well correlated from the MIS 7.3 marine transgression. Despite belonging to the same alluvial system since the Last Glacial Maximum, the GER1 and CB cores show different depositional histories during previous Marine Isotopic Stages, starting at least from MIS 8 (i.e., ca 300-250 ka). A glacial interval older than MIS 9/11, is encountered only within records of the GER1 core. Due to its composition and the particularly coarse grain size, it represents a key element for detecting the depositional dynamics of megafans during past climate oscillations. Conversely, the presence of sediments not fully ascribable to any of the present-day catchment suggests the existence of a trunk paleo-river, longitudinal to the foreland axis, flowing from west to east along the Po Plain and occasionally draining the Venetian Plain. A causal relationship between prograding mechanisms of transverse alluvial megafans and Pleistocene climate variations is detected, taking into account responses of local alluvial systems to glaciers' development, sediment yield from the orogenic hinterland, and sea-level lowstands and highstands. A focus on glacial termination phases allows identification of two additional incised valleys, established at the end of the pre-MIS 9/11 glaciation and of MIS 6. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Developing a hydrogeological data management system with a participatory approach for supporting sustainable groundwater use in low-income countries: the case of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
No full textThe close collaboration between different stakeholders through a participatory approach has allowed the creation of a functional standardized management system for hydrogeological data specifically designed for low-income African countries. Its potential to better support the management of groundwater resources is presented here using Guinea-Bissau as a case study. The proposed data management system integrates the existing digital centralized national water points geodatabase (mWater) with two other tools capable of (i) organizing, codifying, and processing hydrogeological data (TANGAFRIC) and (ii) spatially interpreting lithological data (spMC). This workflow has been born of the need of local authorities for a hydrogeological database with standardized attributes (e.g., lithological terms), allowing the extraction and processing of the values of hydrogeological parameters. A key aspect of the participatory approach used has been the direct involvement of local authorities in data verification and standardization, following training programs. While the primary users of this data management system are expected to be local authorities, the databases produced can also be used by non-government organization technicians, hydrogeological consultants, and academic researchers for a variety of applications. The potential of the proposed hydrogeological data management system has been demonstrated through a pilot study where spatial interpretation of lithological data and interpretation of hydrogeological features have allowed a preliminary hydrogeological conceptual model to be constructed of an area affected by high iron concentrations and salinity. The proposed workflow represents a significant step forward in hydrogeological data management for Guinea-Bissau and could be easily replicated in other low-income African countries with similar constraints
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tell-tale signals: faces reveal playful and aggressive mood in wolves
No full textAnimals have evolved a wide variety of signals that punctuate social interactions, thus optimizing communication systems. In the study of communicative strategies, real and play fighting are good models, as they are associated with risks and injuries. Therefore, within these two domains, clear ‘statement’ signals should be recruited to disambiguate messages. We gathered video data (135 h) from 38 wolves from three mixed-age captive groups (Canis lupus arctos, C. l. lupus, C. l. occidentalis) and analysed all the facial expressions in aggressive and playful domains. The analyses revealed the presence of three different threatening faces (Light-, Medium- and High-TF), mainly performed during aggressive encounters, which differed in the degree of mouth opening and lip stretching. We also identified two different relaxed open mouth facial expressions (Full- and Half-ROM) exclusively performed during play and possibly signalling different levels of playful arousal. Interestingly, facial expressions did not differ between groups thus suggesting a hard-wired facial communication system at least in these two domains. The next step will be to test hypotheses on the efficacy of such facial displays in eliciting an appropriate response in the receivers, potentially translating into a fine modulation of behavioural patterns in both play and real fighting
Alluvial systems in the Venetian Plain (Italy) as archives of late Quaternary climates and environments.
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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