31 research outputs found
Il mestiere del compositore oggi: spinte e controspinte
No full textIl capitolo svolge una serie di brevi riflessioni concatenate concernenti le difficoltà, artistiche e inscindibilmente sociali, della composizione e del mestiere della composizione oggi in Italia. La prospettiva assunta è critica in senso etimologico: mira a individuare i punti di equilibrio precario, potenzialmente distruttivo oppure produttivo, dove tra le spinte e le controspinte che la dilaniano la musica accademica contemporanea può cadere oppure risollevarsi. Anzitutto è considerata la condizione dei compositori nel campo economico e comunicazionale: scissi tra professionismo e non professionismo, tra attività creativa e autopromozione, tra canali di diffusione vecchi e nuovi, tra operatività nazionale e internazionale, essi creano il loro stesso mestiere. Successivamente sono osservate le forze che in maniera contrastante agiscono sulla composizione nel campo culturale: la molteplice dialettica istituzionalizzazione vs marginalità, acculturazione vs ghettizzazione culturale, culturalismo vs cultura vs artigianalismo, nonché il rapporto con la tecnologia. Dopodiché le implicazioni rispetto al potere, al “sistema”: i compositori sono dibattuti tra antagonismo e conformismo, tra sperimentazione e stereotipizzazione, tra purismo e trasversalità stilistica (vale a dire sociale). A seguire la composizione è inquadrata fra le diverse pratiche artistiche ed estetiche: i compositori sono creatori di musica pura ma più volentieri di musica commista ad altre arti; e a loro modo sono anche interpreti e ascoltatori. Poi la composizione è esaminata in quanto pratica speciale fra le diverse pratiche umane: come mezzo per la costruzione di un'identità più o meno marcatamente personale, corporea, di genere, di orientamento erotico, e perfino come strumento per l'eccesso (analogamente a droga, sesso ecc.). Infine sono studiati i casi singolari di due compositori italiani viventi, Gilberto Cappelli (1952-) e Dario Buccino (1968-): anomali per diverse ragioni rispetto agli standard del mestiere descritti, perciò marginali nel circuito della musica contemporanea, ma forse centrali secondo una prospettiva storico-stilistica che prescinda dai diktat della ristretta attualità
Baboon travel progressions as a social spandrel in collective animal behaviour.
No full text<p>Data for all travel progressions as identified by Papadoupoulou et al. 2023</p>
A priori data-driven robustness guarantees on strategic deviations from generalised Nash equilibria
No full textIn this paper we focus on noncooperative games with uncertain constraints coupling the agents’ decisions. We consider a setting where bounded deviations of agents’ decisions from the equilibrium are possible, and uncertain constraints are inferred from data. Building upon recent advances in the so called scenario approach, we propose a randomised algorithm that returns a nominal equilibrium such that a pre-specified bound on the probability of violation for yet unseen constraints is satisfied for an entire region of admissible deviations surrounding it—thus supporting neighbourhoods of equilibria with probabilistic feasibility certificates. For the case in which the game admits a potential function, whose minimum coincides with the social welfare optimum of the population, the proposed algorithmic scheme opens the road to achieve a trade-off between the guaranteed feasibility levels of the region surrounding the nominal equilibrium, and its system-level efficiency. Detailed numerical simulations corroborate our theoretical results
Expertise and the work of football match analysts in TV sport broadcasts
No full textIn this paper we describe expertise as a way of seeing. We use match analysis `punditry’ as a setting to show how professional vision is interactionally achieved in TV sport broadcasts through environmentally coupled gestures enhanced by camera actions and a new technology of vision called telestrator. The paper is based on data from video sequences of (English) football TV broadcasts where the pundit shows to the TV host in the studio and to the non-expert audience at home what happened during a football match. We argue that the transparency of seeing is the product of an artfully instructed process whereby the pundit shows what should be seen, how it should be made accountable, and what the audience should expect in order to fully appreciate what they see. The paper shows how broadcasted match analysis expertise interactionally achieves this through the time-critical linking of talk, gesture, and technological environment
From specifications to specific vagueness: how enterprise software mediates relations in engineering practices
No full textPhenomenology and the Social Study of Information Systems: Conversations with Kenneth Liberman
No full textLiberman invites us to explore the depths of our ordinary social world, the primitive place of our experience. As an anthropologist who spent two years with some Australian Aboriginal tribes and three years in a Tibetan monastery, he encourages us to reflect on that world taken for granted that we call reality. Similarly, as philosopher, he sees the limits of reason and the difficulties we fall into when we overconceptualize our worldly relations, when we entrust entirely to what he calls "the formal analysis", when we don’t recognize the very carnal, practical and experiential character of social life. Starting from this basis, the paper offers grounds for reflection on the field of information systems
Szerzői dömping. Mikor öntünk tiszta vizet a pohárba? – kérdezi az orvosi könyvtáros = Author-overdose. When will we come clean? – asks the medical librarian
No full textJelen tanulmány a szerzői etika fontosságára szeretné felhívni a figyelmet. Ennek szükségszerűségét az mutatja, hogy napjainkban egyre inkább elterjedőben vannak a többszerzős, akár 10–12 szerzős közlemények is. A cikk első fele a szerzői szám változását vizsgálja négy folyóiratban – JAMA, Nature, Lancet és a Science – 1975-től 2009-ig, főbb dokumentumtípusonként: tudományos cikk (article), szerkesztőségi anyag (editorial material), levél (letter) és összefoglaló cikk (review). Ezek a változások igen hasonlók mind a 4 lapban. A tudományos cikk szerzői száma változott a legjelentősebben, a 34 év alatt a 4-szeresére emelkedett. Az esetleges összefüggés a várható idézettség és a szerzői szám változása között nem igazolható az elemzés alapján. A cikkenkénti szerzői szám növekedése több visszaélést is magában rejthet. Jelen közlemény az International Committee of Medical Journal Editors iránymutatása szerzőségi etikára vonatkozó részét emeli ki, amely segíthet az anomáliák visszaszorításában. Néhány külföldi, illetve hazai élet- és orvostudományi folyóiratot elemezve kiderül, hogy míg előbbiek igyekeznek a fő iránymutatókat követni, a 16 vizsgált magyar folyóirat közül csupán 4 hívja fel a figyelmet a szerzőségi etikával kapcsolatos kérdésekre. Ennek a témának a gyakorlati megoldása még várat magára.
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The present study would like to draw attention to the importance of authorship ethics. It is necessary since nowadays papers whose have more authors – even 10-12 authors – become increasingly general. In the first part of this study the change of author-number in four journals – JAMA, Nature, Lancet and Science – was analyzed based on the main document types – article, editorial material, letter and review – from 1975 till 2009. These changes were similar in all journals. The author number of ‘articles’ changed the most significant, during 34 years increased fourfold. The possible relationship between the citation to be expected and the change of author-number was undemonstrable based on the analysis. The increasing of multi-author articles can include more abuses. This study emphasizes the guideline of International Committee of Medical Journal Editors regarding to the part of the authorship ethics which could help to force back the misconducts. Analyzing some foreign and Hungarian biomedical periodicals it emerges that the foreign journals try to follow the main guidelines, but only 4 Hungarian journals of the analyzed 16 ones point out the matters of the authorship ethics. The practical solution has been still waiting in this topic
A városok demográfiai változásainak hatása a társadalomra II.
No full textEarth\u27s population over the past hundred years has increased more than seven times and the process has not finished yet. More than half of the entire population has been living in cities since 2007. The author attempts to present the causes of population growth focusing on cities and the possible impact this growth has on the structure and structure of cities.A Föld népessége az elmúlt száz évben több mint a hétszerese nőtt, és a folyamat nem állt meg. A teljes népesség több mint a fele már városokban él 2007 óta. A szerző kísérletet tesz arra, hogy bemutassa a népességnövekedés okait a városokra koncentrálva, és hogy milyen hatással lehet ez a növekedés a városok szerkezetére, társadalmi berendezkedésére
Path Dependence, Institutions and the Density of Economic Activities: Evidence from Italian Cities
No full textIn recent years a growing body of literature has begun to consider the possible presence of path dependence in the development processes of countries. This phenomenon has always been recognized in regional and urban studies because the path of development almost naturally follows a history-dependent spatial diffusion influenced by both physical geography and the quality of institutions. In this paper, I consider the case of firm concentration in Italy and its impact on local development. A large and growing literature has argued in favour of persisting effects of past institutions on current outcomes. Hence, in order to identify the impact of firm density on income, I use instruments from the history of a set of Italian cities: namely the presence of a university and status as a free-city state in the Early Middle Ages. I first show that those two variables had an important effect on the process of urban development between 1300 and 1861, together with favourable geographic conditions. Then, when I use these instruments to predict firm density, I find that the elasticity of income to firm density is close to 0.1. This result is interpreted as providing evidence of the historical roots of agglomeration economies in Italy.Path dependence, Urban development, Geography, Institutions, Firm density
