1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Effect of cations on structural stability of salt-affected soils.
Get PDFAbout 35% of the total land area in Australia is affected by different categories of salt-affected soils. Apart from natural salinity, a significant proportion of the cultivated land has become saline due to irrigation, particularly where groundwater or recycled waters were used. Sodium salts tend to dominate salt affected soils and groundwater in Australia, therefore sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) are currently used to assess the effects of sodium on soil structure. However, the literature review has identified that the solutions of salt–affected and fresh water or wastewater irrigated soils may contain elevated concentrations of potassium and/or magnesium, which may affect the levels of soluble and exchangeable cations, and lead to soil structural deterioration due to clay dispersion and swelling. Traditional indices SAR and ESP, used for assessing soil structure, do not take into account the effects of K on soil clay dispersion and swelling. Furthermore, although exchangeable Mg has not been included within the common definition of sodicity, there has been disagreement concerning its influence on the behaviour of sodic soils. In addition, in the SAR model Ca²⁺ is equated to Mg²⁺ in flocculating power. Consequently the use of SAR and ESP, as the indices of soil structural stability, can be misleading when soil structure is negatively affected by the high amount of monovalent K⁺, and the concentration of Mg in soil solution and exchange sites is higher than that of Ca. In the research reported in this thesis, a newly developed concept of CROSS (cation ratio of soil structural stability) has been used, instead of SAR, as an index for assessing soil structural changes affected by different cations in soils.
Traditional index SAR is defined as SAR = Na / √(Ca+Mg)/2 & New index, CROSS is defined as : CROSS = Na+0.56K / √(Ca+0.6Mg)/2 where the concentrations of these ions (Na, K, Ca and Mg) are expressed in milli moles of charge/L. While SAR as a measure of soil structural stability is only applicable to sodium dominant soils, CROSS derived from the ionicity of clay-cation bond is better suited to soils containing multiple cations in various proportions. In contrast to SAR, the differential effects of Na and K in dispersing soil clays and the differential effects of Mg and Ca in flocculating soil clays are considered in the CROSS model. The main objectives of this thesis were to investigate the effects of elevated concentration of K and Mg on soil structure in combination with the other cations, and to assess the applicability of CROSS as an index of structural stability for salt-affected soils by using soils of different clay mineralogy, texture, electrolyte concentration, pH and organic matter. Further, to identify potential ways to manage structural stability of these soils and to improve their physical condition. Studies on pure clay systems have been included to understand the fundamental processes involved in dispersion in soil clays. The primary outcomes of this research were a series of peer reviewed scientific papers, which centred on the following key findings: 1. The deleterious effects of increasing concentration of K on clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity were confirmed for three soil types of different clay mineralogy, pH EC and organic matter. Non- destructive X-ray CT scanning provided a means of measuring changes in soil porosity and pore connectivity. 2. The ionicity indices of the cations Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺ were theoretically derived using their ionisation potentials and charge. The behaviour of two pure clays (illite and bentonite) and two soil clays in aqueous suspension was investigated. As the ionicity index decreased in the following order Li⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ > Mg²⁺ >Ca²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Ba²⁺ the tendency to covalency increased and, hence, the predisposition to break the clay-cation bonds in water decreased. Strong and significant relationships between ionicity indices of cations in clay–cation bonds and clay behaviour such as dispersivity (r²=0.93) and zeta potential (r²=0.84) confirm that the degree of ionicity in these bonds dictates the water interaction with clay particles, leading to their separation from the clay aggregates. The strong relationships between zeta potential and the degree of dispersivity (r²=0.78) suggests that surface charge on clays is responsible for the variations in correlations between ionicity indices and clay behaviour among the four types of clays. 3. Effects of clay-cation bonding on soil structure were further validated by non destructive X-ray computed tomography (μCT) scanning of the cation treated soil samples. Changes in pore architecture as influenced by the proportion of cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺) bonded to soil particles were characterised. All the structural parameters, studied by μCT scanning, were highly correlated with the ionicity indices of dominant cations, confirming that the structural changes during soil-water interaction depend on the ionicity of clay cation bonding. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of cation treated soils dominated by a single cation were dependant on the observed structural parameters, and were significantly correlated with active porosity (r²=0.76) and pore connectivity (r²=0.97) characterised by μCT scan. 4. Applicability of CROSS as a new index of soil structural stability was methodically validated and confirmed in series of studies for a range of soils containing varying quantities of Na, K, Mg, and Ca. The effects of CROSS were highly dependent on the total electrolyte, soil texture, clay mineralogy, pH and organic matter content. 5. Useful threshold values of the electrolyte concentration required to flocculate the dispersed suspension were derived. Threshold electrolyte concentration (TEC) of the flocculated suspensions of three soils were significantly correlated with CROSS of the dispersed suspensions (r²=0.93). Again, when the individual soil type was considered, smectitic clay with high negative charge had lower TEC than the illitic or kaolinitic clay. The cationic flocculating charge of the flocculated suspensions (CFC), which incorporate the individual flocculating power of the cations, was significantly correlated with CROSS. However, these types of relationships will depend on several factors even within the given soil class. Therefore, the dispersive potential (Pdis) of the individual soil was derived, from which the required amount of the cationic amendments can be calculated to maintain flocculated soils and their structural integrity. 6. The research results presented within this thesis clearly demonstrate that clay dispersion influenced by CROSS values depends on the unique association of soil components affecting the net charge (measured as negative zeta potential) available for clay-water interaction, rather than the charge attributed to the clay mineralogy and/or organic matter. Soil with smectitic mineralogy and high cation exchange capacity dispersed less than soils dominant in illitic and kaolinitic clays. In successive experiments, soils differing in clay mineralogy, organic carbon and pH were treated with solutions of varying CROSS, NaOH and sodium hexa- meta phosphate (calgon) respectively. Where the high organic carbon of the soil was bonding with clay surface, the charge was reduced considerably. Treating this soil with NaOH led to the dissolution of organic carbon and increased the pH, thereby increasing the net charge and clay dispersion. The treatment with calgon did not dissolve the organic carbon or increase the pH. Nevertheless, the attachment of hexa-meta phosphate with six negative charges on each molecule greatly increased the negative zeta potential and clay dispersion. A high correlation (r²=72) was obtained between the dispersed clay content and zeta potential of all soils with different treatments confirming that the net charge on the soil surface available for water interaction controls the dispersion-flocculation phenomena. The research outcomes presented in this thesis have significantly contributed to theoretical and practical knowledge concerning the effects of cations in soils and irrigation waters on soil structure. The new structural stability index, CROSS, validated in this thesis, provides a far more comprehensive assessment of the structural stability of soils affected by salinity, naturally or due to different quality of irrigation waters, than the traditionally used indices such as sodium adsorption ration (SAR), monovalent cation ratio (MCAR) or potassium adsorption ratio (PAR). Furthermore, CROSS provides an accurate and more suitable guideline for the use of irrigation water of different cation composition (e.g. recycled water), which enables management decisions on the suitability and the rate of irrigation water. The dispersive potential for individual soils, derived in this research, will facilitate calculation of the required cationic amendments to maintain flocculated soils and their structural integrity.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 201
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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