1,720,961 research outputs found
R codes for quantifying a mass mortality event in freshwater wildlife within the Lower Odra River
No full text<p>In the summer of 2022, the Odra River in Europe was struck by an ecological calamity. Toxins from Golden Algae led to an unprecedented mass die-off of fish, bivalves, and aquatic snails. It is estimated that around 65 million bivalves perished, translating to an 88% reduction in the population of Unionidae mussels. The native species <i>Anodonta anatina</i> was particularly affected, witnessing a 95% decline. The invasive mussel <i>Sinanodonta woodiana</i> suffered the least damage, underscoring the potential of invasive species to fill the ecological void left by native mussels. The disaster also resulted in at least 147 million dead aquatic snails being washed ashore, marking an 85% decrease in their population. Around 3.3 million dead fish (1,025 tons) were found in the river's lower section, indicating a significant 64% drop in the biomass of the fish population across the impacted stretch.</p><p>• The text presents codes for analysis and modeling of the disaster using the R programming language.</p><p>• Only open-source software was utilized for the analysis.</p><p>• The analysis includes detailed data on the disaster's impact on various species.</p>
Drones, automatic counting tools and artificial neural networks in wildlife population censusing
No full text1. The use of a drone to count the flock sizes of 33 species of waterbirds during the breeding and non-breeding periods was investigated.
2. In 96% of 343 cases, drone counting was successful. 18.8% of non-breeding birds and 3.6% of breeding birds exhibited adverse reactions: the former birds were flushed, whereas the latter attempted to attack the drone.
3. The automatic counting of birds was best done with ImageJ/Fiji microbiology software – the average counting rate was 100 birds in 64 seconds.
4. Machine learning using neural network algorithms proved to be an effective and quick way of counting birds – 100 birds in 7 seconds. However, the preparation of images and machine learning time is time-consuming, so this method is recommended only for large data sets and large bird assemblages.
5. The responsible study of wildlife using a drone should only be carried out by persons experienced in the biology and behaviour of the target animals
Imagined Discovery: Reconstructing the Aquiladon marinus, an Early Marine Bird from the Late Cretaceous
No full text<p>This is a fictional story created to demonstrate the capabilities of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT-4) in crafting narratives. It is made for scientific and educational purposes to showcase the potential of AI in creative writing.</p>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
First Movement Tracking of the Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus in Europe: Video
No full text<p>This is a video showing data from GPS/GSM transmitters - First Movement Tracking of the Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus in Europe.</p>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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