1,720,970 research outputs found
Unconscious Transference and the Binding effect: common errors in face recognition and recall.
No full textIncorrect associations between familiar and unfamiliar faces (Johnston & Edmonds, 2009) cause eyewitness identification mistakes. Witnesses identify familiar faces over targets (Davis et al., 2008) through Binding (Kersten et al., 2008) and Unconscious Transference (Wulff & Hyman, 2022).
It remains unclear how different levels of face similarity affect recognition accuracy. Our study explores if when familiar and target faces are presented in different slides, participants choose familiar faces over correct ones.
In Experiment 1 we presented six faces to familiarize, then six correct targets via incidental encoding. Next, participants identify targets in six simultaneous lineups. Lineups were randomly composed by familiar face, correct target, familiar face-correct target merged, two novel faces.
In Experiment 2 and 3 we incorporate additional variables to this procedure, eyes open versus closed during retrieval, incidental versus intentional encoding. Data collection is ongoing.
In Experiment 1 frequency of errors is higher than correct target choices (46.5% vs. 37.5%) and the most frequent is Unconscious Transference (29.5%). In addition, similarity between faces affects correct recognition.
In Experiment 2 we expect closed eye recall increases correct identification, and in Experiment 3 obtain higher accuracy with intentional encoding. Which type of error will decrease remains an empirical question.
Differently from previous studies, the novelty of this study is that the percentage of recognition errors due to familiarity is still very high also when the familiar face and the correct target are presented within the same experiment, suggesting that recognition errors may occur even in the absence of memory decay.
The novelty of this study is that percentage of recognition errors due to familiarity remains very high when
We demonstrate face familiarity significantly affects recognition accuracy in simultaneous lineups
Traumatic memories, PTSD, EMDR: the role of scientific evidence
No full textRecently, in Italy, a peculiar situation is evidence in the forensic field. On one hand magistrates
with increasing frequency request the evaluation of psychology experts, while on the other there
still seems to be a lack of awareness of the scientific value of results in psychological research. As a
matter of fact, results in psychological research should have the same dignity as other scientific
disciplines’ results, such as biology or medicine.
In this context, judges tend to rely to a great degree on psychologists’ reports, while one still finds
psychological statements in sentences revealing a naïf understanding of psychological concepts and
a substantial lack in knowledge of the scientific literature. Exemplary instances of this state of
matters, are the concepts of memory for traumatic events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
diagnosis and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique, one of the
most widespread treatments in PTSD.
By using scientific data, the EMDR example will be treated more in depth, highlighting that EMDR
could be a very effective method in appropriate situations and modalities, but it also can be a very
problematic method when conditions and/or aims are inappropriate
Measuring depression with the questionnaire based Implicit Association Test: a new tool to detect malingering
No full textIn the last decades many studies demonstrated that self-report measures are massively prone to malingering. To improve the detection of malingered depressive symptoms, we developed the depression questionnaire-based Implicit Association Test (qIAT). In study 1, a first version of the new tool was made on the basis of several BDI-II items and tested on a sample of 118 participants, 59 of them asked for faking depressive symptoms. The aim was to test psychometric properties (reliability, internal and convergent validity) of the new tool and its better-expected susceptibility to faking, compared with explicit measure. In study 2, we replicated study 1 using a more varied wording version of stimuli to control response biases. Results showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha), for study 1 and 2, along with small/moderate correlations with self-report measures of depression, supporting their convergent validity. Moreover, in the second study the qIAT was significantly correlated with different theoretically linked criteria (i.e., self-esteem, satisfaction with life), supporting criterion validity of the new measure. Finally and most importantly, in both studies, the depression qIAT revealed a considerably lower vulnerability to faking compared to the BDI-II
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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