1,721,028 research outputs found
Biodiesel properties and emissions based on the type of blend and raw material
No full textBiodiesel production is gaining more and more relevance due to its environmental benefits such as its biodegradability, it has no CO or sulfur emissions, its produce a reduction in the CO2 emissions, prolongs the engines lives, could be blend with regular diesel and it is produce from renewable and sustainable sources. The name “biodiesel” is normally associated to any blend of regular diesel and biodiesel; however, the ASTM defines as biodiesel to the B100 (100% pure biodiesel) while any other blend is label in relation to the percentage of biodiesel in the mixture. The most common blend is B20, which has a 20% of biodiesel. Based on the percentage of the biodiesel, the amount of regular diesel and the raw material from where the biofuel is produced, different properties, emissions and engine performance can be seen. A comparison of the biofuel based on these three main parameters will be presented with the aim of pointing out the differences of each blend, the influence on the emissions based on the quantity of biodiesel in the fuel and how this percentage affects the combustion of an internal engine of a car. Even more, it will be shown international policies regarding the type of blend that should be used and when this should be reached.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Norueg
Supporting data for: Development of cost-effective process for phyco-remediation of dairy wastewater and valorization of algal biomass for production of biofuel and biochemical: A sustainable approach towards bio-refinery
No full textThis dataset supports the research project titled: "Development of cost-effective process for phyco-remediation of dairy wastewater and valorization of algal biomass for production of biofuel and biochemical: A sustainable approach towards bio-refinery."
Purpose: The dataset was generated to explore sustainable strategies for wastewater treatment and biomass valorization using microalgae-based systems. It aims to enable resource recovery from dairy wastewater through integrated remediation and bio-conversion processes.
Nature: The dataset is organized into three sections, each corresponding to a key objective of the project:
Objective 1 – Phyco-remediation of dairy wastewater (DW): Includes experimental data on the design and performance of microalgae consortia for DW treatment. This section supports the published article: Co-Cultivation of High-Value Microalgae Species with Filamentous Microalgae for Dairy Wastewater Treatment.
Objective 2 – Valorization via hydrolysis: Contains data on the synthesis and characterization of a multienzyme magnetic nanocatalyst (ME-MNC) for the hydrolysis of microalgal biomass. Data include enzyme immobilization optimization, material characterization (XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TGA), and recovery of sugars and proteins.
Objective 3 – Biochemical and biofuel production: Presents data from fermentation experiments using hydrolyzed biomass as feedstock. It compares the performance of free and immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes cells in producing organic acids, including yield and reusability.
Scope: The dataset covers raw measurements, processed data, and supporting documentation for all three project objectives. It includes metadata, analysis outputs, and experimental protocols. Refer to the folder structure for details on specific contents and conditions.</p
Influence of economical variables on a supercritical biodiesel production process
Full text linkBiodiesel has becoming more and more relevant in today’s society and economy due to its environmental advantages such as biodegradability, lower CO and CO2 emissions as well as less particulate pollutants. In this work the study of market and economic variables is presented and their effects compared when biodiesel is being produced using a supercritical technology. The production process is based on a supercritical technology with no catalyst and no co-solvent. Price for the raw materials, such as price for the alcohol as well as the oil has been studied. Also, selling price for biodiesel as well as glycerin has been analyzed and compared with prices from other biodiesel production technologies. Economic decisions such as percentage of failure in the production process, investment in research and development, and advertisement have been evaluated; also it has been considered the influence of the tax incentives on the global economy of the production process. Small variations on some of the major market variables would produce significant effects over the global economy of the plant, making it non profitable in some cases.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
The effect of economic variables over a biodiesel production plant
Full text linkBiodiesel appears as one of the possible alternative renewable fuels to substitute diesel fuel derived from petroleum. Several researches have been done on the technical aspects of biodiesel production in an attempt to develop a better and cleaner alternative to the conventional process. Economic studies have been carried out to have a better understanding of the high costs and benefits of different technologies in the biodiesel industry. In this work it is studied the effect of the most important economic variables of a biodiesel production process over the general economy of a conventional plant which employs sodium methoxide as catalyst. It has been analyzed the effect of the oil price, the amount of free fatty acid, the biodiesel price, the cost of the glycerin, the effect due to the modification on the methanol price, the washing water price, and several others. Small variations on some of the major market variables would produce significant effects over the global economy of the plant, making it non profitable in some cases. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Review of Kernels for Droplet-Droplet Interaction, Droplet-Wall Collision, Entrainment, Re-entrainment, and Breakage
Full text linkGas purification is one of the most common and important process steps in combined oil and gas production in order to obtain a product meeting the required export specifications. One of the separation steps is droplet removal, which may be found in several positions in a gas processing train. Gas dehydration, sweetening, and, in particular, compression are very dependent on an almost droplet-free gas. The equipment normally used for this purpose is a so-called scrubber, where the droplets are usually removed in three stages. The process of droplet removal is governed by several physical phenomena, such as droplet-droplet interaction, droplet deposition on dry and wet walls, droplet re-entrainment by the gas flow, coalescence, and breakage. For each of them closure laws are needed, and several kernels have been developed in order to establish in what operational domain and under which specific conditions the various phenomena dominate, can be minimized, or can be eliminated this article is a review of the individual physical processes, and the models developed to describe these including advantages and shortcomings of each of them. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Noruega. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Svendsen, H. F.. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norueg
A summary of the available technologies for biodiesel production based on a comparison of different feedstock's properties
No full textBiodiesel production is mainly done by carrying on the transesterification reaction while using refined oil, methanol and a homogeneous base catalyst. When using refined oil, a competition between oil for food and oil for fuel is then presented. Even more, the conventional technology has the disadvantage that the raw material has to be very pure, with no traces of other impurities. Otherwise, undesirable products will be produced decreasing the productivity of the process and making a large amount of waste treatment. Because of this, other technologies appear as possible sources for biodiesel production, mainly from refined oil, but also allowing less pure raw material to be used, such as waste oil, frying oil, soapstocks, and animal fats. In this work, a comparison of all these different raw materials, their physicochemical properties and how they can have an influence, and the magnitude of this phenomenon, in the biodiesel production will be presented and compared. Based on the previous analysis, a short summary of the technological possibilities to produce good quality biodiesel from low price raw material will be discussed with the aim of showing their advantages and disadvantages when using different feedstocks. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
Kinetic study of the esterification of free fatty acid and ethanol in the presence of triglycerides using solid resins as catalyst
Full text linkBiodiesel production is gaining more and more relevance due to its environmental advantages and because of the world situation of petroleum: decreases of reserves, augmentation of prices etc. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of triglycerides; however, it can also be generated by the esterification of fatty acid, normally considered as an impurity. The evolution of the reaction when using oleic acid (diluted in triglycerides) and ethanol, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, has been studied. Kinetics expression for the esterification reaction as well as for the esterification and transesterification taking place simultaneously have been developed and fit with the experimental data. It is shown that, when both reactions are being taking into account, the kinetics fits the experimental data better since it does consider the interaction between all the compounds involved. The kinetics expression obtained represented satisfactorily the experimental information for several operations conditions.Fil: Jasen, Paula Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Noruega. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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