1,720,968 research outputs found
Non ita certandi cupidus (Lucr. 3.5). Competizione e modelli etici nel de rerum natura di Lucrezio
No full textThe present article discusses Lucretius' view of interpersonal competition and emulative instincts as phenomena of both literary and social relevance. The most eloquent Lucretian passages dealing with these issues are reassessed in light of the evidence provided by the Epicurean tradition (from Epicurus to Philodemus) and by the late Republican debate on socio-political 'aemulatio'. The analysis of the extant evidence sheds new light on the embeddedness of Lucretius' poem in both Epicurean thought and Roman ideology
Bi-cephalic transcranial direct current stimulation combined with functional electrical stimulation for upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Stroke survivors often present poor upper-limb (UL) motor performance and reduced movement quality during reaching tasks. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are widely used strategies for stroke rehabilitation. However, the effects of combining these two therapies to rehabilitate individuals with moderate and severe impairment after stroke are still unknown. Objective: Our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of concurrent bi-cephalic tDCS and FES on UL kinematic motor performance and movement quality of chronic post-stroke subjects with moderate and severe compromise. Our secondary aim was to verify the effects of combining these therapies on handgrip force and UL motor impairment. Methods: We randomized 30 individuals with moderate and severe chronic hemiparesis after stroke into tDCS plus FES (n = 15) and sham tDCS plus FES (n = 15) groups. Participants were treated 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Kinematic motor performance (movement cycle time, velocity profile) and movement quality (smoothness, trunk contribution, joint angles) were assessed during an UL reach-to-target task.Handgrip force and motor impairment were also recorded before and after the intervention. Results: Participants allocated to the tDCS plus FES group improved movement cycle time (P = 0.039), mean reaching velocity (P = 0.022) and handgrip force (P = 0.034). Both groups improved the mean returning phase velocity (P = 0.018), trunk contribution (P = 0.022), movement smoothness (P = 0.001) and UL motor impairment (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Concurrent bi-cephalic tDCS and FES slightly improved reaching motor performance and handgrip force of chronic post-stroke individuals with moderate and severe UL impairment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02818608)
Per una crescita felice. Immagini della natura nelll'ontogenesi umana all'interno del Corpus Aristotelicum
No full textAll'interno delle opere biologiche, Aristotele disegna con frequenza le tappe dell'ontogenesi umana servendosi di immagini naturali e del confronto con altre forme di vita. L'embrione, ad esempio, «vive la vita della pianta» (Gen. an. II 2, 738 b 34-739 a 3; 739 b 34-740 a 4; 740 a 24-28). Il bambino condivide conformazione, maturità cognitiva ed esperienze degli animali privi di logos, e tanto più quanto minore è la sua età. Il bambino piccolo, ad esempio, strilla e gattona, e il suo corpo è ancora fuori asse rispetto alle dimensioni dell'universo (Part. an. IV, 10, 686 a 27-687 b 5); solo successivamente si approssima alla stazione eretta e migliora lentamente le sue abilità espressive e cognitive. Intorno all'età di quattordici anni maturano nell'individuo umano il seme, la più perfetta forma di residuo biologico; e la sua mente si apre ad accogliere un'intelligenza «divina» che proviene «dal di fuori». Se ne deduce che, per Aristotele, le tappe dell'ontogenesi umana ripercorrono in dettaglio le tappe della filogenesi naturale. Da ciò non dobbiamo dedurre un antropocentrismo della biologia di Aristotele. Le caratteristiche fisiche (stazione eretta, intelligenza, pollici opponibili) e psichiche dell'uomo (intelligenza intesa come nous, logos come espressione vocale) sono infatti non privilegi esclusivi, ma proprietà che derivano all'individuo umano dall'universo. La stazione eretta infatti orienta il corpo dell'uomo secondo i luoghi naturali nel cosmo (cfr. Preus 1975, 1990); e l'intelligenza attiva «è divina» e «viene dal di fuori» ma non appare perciò disincarnata (Gen. an. II, 3 736 b 22-731 a1). Esistono inoltre, in natura, forme di vita e di intelligenza superiori: gli astri (De Caelo II, 12, 292 a 18-21) e il cosmo (cfr. Laspia 2016), l'intera natura e il suo principio (Metaph. XII 7-9). L'intelligenza divina stessa è rappresentata da Aristotele come una forma di vita biologica (Laspia 2018). Da tutto ciò si desume che: 1. Aristotele è estraneo a ogni forma di dualismo mente/corpo. 2. la biologia aristotelica non è antropocentrica. 3. l'uomo è una forma di vita integrata nel cosmo e nella natura. 4. Per questa ragione le tappe dell'ontogenesi umana ricapitolano in sé tutte le forme di vita naturale sublunare, e culminano nella maturazione del seme e della facoltà riproduttiva da una parte, dell'intelligenza passiva, capace di rispecchiare in sé l'universo intero dall'altra. La vita umana si realizza dunque all'interno di un più vasto progetto, che coincide con il dispiegarsi della natura; solo al suo interno l’uomo può dirsi davvero felice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Come un tenero virgulto: termini e ideologie della crescita nel pensiero greco pre-aristotelico
No full textDopo un inquadramento terminologico atto a presentare le più comuni radici che esprimono in greco antico i concetti di crescita e di sviluppo del vivente, l’attenzione è rivolta alle modalità con cui in testi di varia natura e datazione (da Omero sino al Corpus ippocratico) si descrive la crescita dell’essere umano a partire dal costante confronto con il mondo vegetale, in modo che dal configurarsi delle teorie possano risaltare le più o meno implicite mentalità. Attraverso il massiccio ricorso al ragionamento analogico, le fonti considerate permettono di farsi un’idea non solo del processo di crescita in sé, ma anche del ruolo assegnato nella cultura e nel pensiero della Grecia antica alla madre nel suo rapporto con la prole.After a terminological framework aimed at presenting the most common roots that express the concepts of growth and development of the living being in ancient Greek, the attention is turned to the ways in which texts of various kinds and dating (from Homer to the Hippocratic Corpus) the growth of the human being is described starting from the constant confrontation with the vegetable world, so that the more or less implicit mentalities can emerge from the configuration of the theories. Through the massive use of analogical reasoning, the sources considered allow us to get an idea not only of the growth process itself, but also of the role assigned in the culture and thought of ancient Greece to the mother in her relationship with the offspring
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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