21,278 research outputs found
Orthadenella coulsoni Gwiazdowicz & Marchenko & Teodorowicz 2014, sp. nov.
No full textOrthadenella coulsoni sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2, 3A–G, 4A–D, 5, 6A–D) Type material Holotype. Female, North Altai (51° 30 ′ N, 85° 02 ′ E), 700 m asl, Shebalino District, Larix sibirica forest, on the hillside, in litter, 17 August 2011, coll. I.I. Marchenko. Paratypes. Two females, the same data as holotype; 11 females, North Altai (51° 08 ′ N, 85° 34 ′ E), 1200 m asl., Shebalino District, environs of Topuchaja village, swamped forest of Picea sibirica, in litter, 10 June 1999, coll. I.I. Marchenko; five females and eight males, Central Altai (50° 12 ′ N, 88° 03 ′ E), Kurai Ridge foothills, 2000 m asl., floodplain river Kuraika, shrub, in litter, 16 July 1964, coll. S.K. Stebaeva. Diagnosis Female (n = 19). Idiosoma oval, 400–420 µm in length and 225–240 µm in width. Dorsal. Holodorsal shield bearing 43 pairs of simple setae and among them 20 are situated on the opisthonotal posterior part. The shortest setae are given (in µm): j2 (7–8), j3 (10–11), z1 (5–7), z2 (10–12), s1 (6–7), J5 (7–10); the longest are those labelled j1 (20–22), Z5 (38–41), Z4 (25–26), S4 (25–27) and S5 (25–27). Other seta in j, z and s rows, on the podonotal part, are of a median length from 12 to 17 µm and are as follows: j4 (13–15), j5 (15–17), j6 (15–17), z3 (12–15), z4 (12–15), z5 (12–15), z6 (12–15), s2 (10–12), s3 (12–15), s4 (12–15), s5 (12–15), s6 (12–15), and slightly longer in J, Z and S rows, on the opisthonotal part, from 15 to 22 µm, consecutively: J1 (15–17), J2 (15–17), J3 (15–17), J4 (20–22), Z1 (15–17), Z2 (15–17), Z3 (15–17), S1 (17–22), S2 (17–22), S3 (17–22). All setae in the marginal row r–R are located on the shield, none on the soft membrane. They range in length in a row r from 15 to 17 µm, r2 (15–17), r4 (15–17), r5 (15–17), r6 (15–17), excepting humeral setae r3 = 21 µm, and in row R are about 17 to 20 µm as given: R1 (17–20), R2 (17–20), R3 (17–20), R4 (17–20), R (17–20). Setae r2–R5 at clearly delineated marginal strip. Holodorsal shield is more or less conspicuously covered with a reticulate ornamentation (Figure 1). Ventral. The tritosternum with base 10–11 µm wide and 14–15 µm long with laciniae 57–62 µm long (excluding base) with a fused area, free area for about 0.7 of total length (Figure 3A). Anteriorly to the sternal shield lie two pairs of small presternal platelets. Outer platelets are smaller (5–7 × 3 µm) than the inner ones (11–15 × 5 µm). Sternal shield reaches 90–92 μm in length at the midline, and 120–130 μm in width at the widest point, that is, at a level between the first and the second coxae. It bears three pairs of simple setae totally, of lengths: st1 (23–25 µm), st2 = st3 (17–20 µm). As well as pair of gland pores gst1 at the extensions between coxae I–II and two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2, but the third pair of sternal lyrifissures iv3 is absent either on the sternal shield nor metasternal shields. Posteriorly to the sternal shield are small rounded metasternal shields (10 × 10 µm), with a setae st4 (19–20 µm) on it. Inner to coxae II–IV are archwise endopodal shields embracing the coxae, underlying an epigynal shield and partially fused to it. Epigynal shield broad (82–88 µm), and almost of the same length (c. 90 µm at the midline), truncate, with a pair of setae st5 (15–20 µm). Paragenital poroids iv5 are located outside the epigynal shield. Four scanty sclerites arranged in a one line are located posterior to an epigynal shield. Heart-shaped ventrianal shield 145–150 µm length and 155–165 µm width with 15 setae. The shortest are the para-anal setae (13–15 µm), noticeably longer is the postanal seta (24–25 µm) and ventral setae ranging from 18 µm to 21 µm as given (in µm): JV1 (18–21), JV2 (18–21), JV3 (18–21), JV4 (18–21), ZV2 (18–21) except shorter ZV3 (15–17). Likewise, the sternal, genital and ventrianal shields are covered with a reticulate ornamentation (Figure 2). Outside the ventrianal shield remain four pairs of simple setae (including UR3 = 17–20 µm) JV5 (28–30), ZV4 (16–20), ZV5 (20–21). Peritremes long, reaching above the coxae I, stigmatas at the level of coxae IV. Peritrematal shields narrow, connected with an exopodal strip alongside coxae IV. Peritrematal–exopodal shields fused, with poroids ip1, ip2, ip3 and pores gp2, gp3, gv 2. Posterolaterally to the coxae IV on each side arise two pairs of metapodal sclerites. Those proximal to the coxae IV are smaller (4–6 × 4–6 µm), than further ones (20–21 × 11–13 µm). Sperm access system is that of a Laelapid type, with a sacculus comprised of a thick and porous layer with a numerous thin filaments (Figure 3C). Gnathosoma. Corniculi are elongated, 26–30 μm long and 10 µm wide; seven rows of denticles are located in the hypostomatal groove (2–6 denticles per row); hypostomatal setae are simple of variable length: h1 –20–21 μm, h2 –21–22 μm, h3 –14–16 μm, h4 – 22–24 μm (Figure 3B). Internal malae as long as corniculi, with a fringed laterobasal margins. Epistome with anterior margin irregularly convex, finely denticulate (Figure 3D). Cheliceral fixed digit 38–40 µm long with a stout pilus dentilis; masticatory surface with a row of 12 teeth and two subapical teeth in addition to apical tooth. Cheliceral movable digit (37–39) tridentate in addition to apical hook; with a transverse-diagonal groove, which appears on the basal one-third of ventral side of chelicera. Dorsal cheliceral seta, dorsal and lateral (antiaxial) lyrifissure distinct (Figure 3E). Palps 126–128 μm long (Figure 3F, G). Legs. Variable in length: I – 320–340 μm, II – 250–260 μm, III – 240–250 μm, IV – 315–325 μm. Chaetotaxy of legs is peculiar for genus Orthadenella: leg I: coxa, trochanter, femur, genu, tibia (2, 6, 12, 13, 13), leg II (2, 5, 11, 11, 10), leg III (2, 5, 7, 9, 8), leg IV (1, 4, 6, 9, 9) (Figure 4A, B, C, D). Male (n = 8) Idiosoma oval, 330–355 µm in length and 212–222 µm in width. Dorsal. Holodorsal shield bearing 43 pairs of simple setae, including 23 podonotal pairs (j1-j6, z1-z6, s1-s6, r2-r6) and 20 opisthonotal pairs (J1-J5, Z1-Z5, S1-S5, R1- R5). Dorsal shield lightly reticulate. Measurements of podonotal setae precisely (in µm): j1 (12–15), j2 (15–17), j3 (12–15), j4 (12–15), j5 (12–15), j6 (12–15), z1 (8–10), z2 (15–17), z3 (12–15), z4 (12–15), z5 (12–15), z6 (12–15), s1 (12–15), s2 (15–17), s3 (12– 15), s4 (15–17), s5 (12–15), s6 (12–15), r2-r6 (12–15). Measurements of opisthonotal setae as follows (in µm): J1 (10–12), J2 (10–12), J3 (12–15), J4 (15–17), J5 (5–6), Z1 (12–15), Z2 (12–15), Z3 (12–15), Z4 (17–20), Z5 (28–30), S1 (12–15), S2 (12–15), S3 (12–15), S4 (15–17), S5 (17–20), R1-R5 (12–15). Setae r2–R5 at clearly delineated marginal strip, likewise for female. Ventral. Tritosternum with base 7–10 µm wide and 12–15 µm long with laciniae 42– 47 µm long (excluding base) with a fused area, free area for about 0.7 of total length (Figure 6A). Presternal area with a pair platelets. Peritrematal shields and peritremes as in female (poroids ip1, ip2, ip3 and pores gp2, gp3, gv 2 are present). Sternitigenital shield 137–145 µm long and 100–113 µm wide at level between coxae II–III; finely ornamented anteriorly between setae st1 and st3, posteriorly between st4 and st5, and lineate along lateral margins. Sternal shield with a pair of gland pores gst1 at extensions between coxae I–II and with two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2. Shields with five pairs of setae. Measurements of sternal setae as given (in µm): st1 (20–21), st2 (18–20), st3 (16–18), st4 (15–16), st5 (14–15). Ventrianal shield ornamented, midlength (130–145 µm), greatest at midlateral width (155–170 µm) at the level of seta JV1, with a regularly convex lateral margins, bearing five opisthogastric setae JV1 (14–15), JV2 (15–17), JV3 (14–15), JV4 (14–15 µm), ZV2 (14–15), pair of circumanal setae (14–15) and post-anal seta 20 µm; bearing two pairs of poroids and pair of pores gv3; soft opisthogastric cuticle stays with three pairs of setae JV5 (20), ZV4 (13–14), ZV5 (14–15). Opisthogastric setae ZV3 and UR3 are absent contrary to female (Figure 5). Gnathosoma. Deutosternum with seven rows of denticles; margins of deutosternal groove delineated laterally except posteriormost row. Number of denticles in each row varies individually in specimens: the first posteriormost row (5–9 denticles), the second row (8–12), the third row (5–6), the fourth row (4–5), 5–7 rows (2–4 in each row). Subcapitulum with a hypostomatic setae h1 (20–22), h2 (15–17), h3 (20–22), h4 (20–22); with three pockmarked delineated areas between h2-h3 and palpcoxal seta h4. Form of corniculi as in female, 22 µm long and 7–8 µm width; internal malae longer than corniculi, with fringed lateral margins basally (Figure 6B). Cheliceral fixed digit 30–32 µm long with a stout pilus dentilis and usually with six teeth in addition to apical tooth: two large basal teeth and two smaller medium-sized teeth at a masticatory surface and two subapical teeth. Cheliceral fixed digit of one sample (eighth examined sample) with nine teeth: three large basal teeth, four medium-sized teeth at masticatory surface and two subapical teeth in addition to apical tooth. Movable digit (28–30 µm) with one tooth in addition to an apical tooth. Spermatodactyl 43–45 µm long with a hyaline ridge above internal canal along its entire length (Figure 6C). Dorsal cheliceral seta, dorsal and lateral (antiaxial) lyrifissure distinct. Epistome with an anterior margin irregularly convex, finely denticulate (Figure 6D). Legs. Variable in length: I – 260–290 µm, II – 215–225 µm, III – 200–210 µm, IV – 260–290 µm. Leg structure and setation as in female. Etymology The species is dedicated to our friend, a scientist exploring the invertebrate fauna of the High Arctic, Prof. Dr Stephen J. Coulson from University Centre in Svalbard. Longyearbyen, Norway. Differential diagnosis The morphometric analysis of O. coulsoni shows many different diagnostic characters from the other two species of Orthadenella. Even a simple analysis of setae measurements gives both similarities (the same lengths of setae Z4, Z5, and setae J1, J2, J3, J4, Z1, Z2 longer by 6–7 μm, and vertical j1 shorter by 4 μm) and dissimilarities when compared to O. tennesseensis. A shared character between O. coulsoni and O. lawrencei is a marked dorsal reticulated patterning covering almost the whole shield, while in O. tennesseensis, this is reticulated only on the posterior and anterior border. Moreover, O. coulsoni and O. lawrencei have a humeral seta r3 conspicuously longer than the remaining setae in the marginal row r–R, which O. tennesseensis does not. This character is repeated in the S4, S5 and Z5 pairs of setae. However, O. lawrencei setae Z4 are identical to the Z1–Z3 setae, whereas in O. coulsoni these setae are dissimilar. In addition, the location of pore iv5 is a further diagnostic character. This pore lies outside the genital shield of both O. coulsoni and O. tenessensis but, as is more common, on the shield in O. lawrencei. A very fine character separating the species is the appearance of a ventrianal shield. This has a characteristic concave anterior boarder at the level between the genital and metapodal sclerites for the entire genus, but differs in shape among species. That of O. coulsoni is wider than long, contrary to the other species. Likewise, the difference in the number of setae located on the ventrianal shield, excluding a circum-anal setae, is another significant character, differentiating O. tennesseensis, with five pairs, from the two remaining species, each bearing six pairs. The metapodal shields in the opistogastric region clearly distinguish O. lawrencei which possesses only a single pair, while O. coulsoni has two pairs composed of the larger sclerite with a smaller abutting. The epistome of O. tennesseensis and O. lawrencei is a trispinate, median process broadly triangular and extending beyond the apex of the lateral processes, contrary to O. coulsoni, which has convex epistome with homogenous denticles arranged parallel to each other. The spermatheca of O. lawrencei is composed of a sacculus permeated with numerous pores and cylinders, while the spermatheca of O. coulsoni is permeated with numerous pores and thin filaments. Key to the females of genus Orthadenella Information concerning O. lawrencei and O. tennesseensis was obtained from published descriptions and illustrations (Evans 1958; De Leon 1963; McGraw and Farrier 1969; Moraza and Lindquist 2011). 1. Only one metapodal plate on each side of the body behind coxae IV........................................................................................................ O. lawrencei (Evans 1958) – Metapodal plates divided into two small plates................................................. 2 2. Interscutal setae JV4 outside ventrianal shield, length and width of ventrianal shield similar...................................................... O. tennesseensis (De Leon 1963) – Interscutal setae JV4 on ventrianal shield, ventrianal shield wider than long........................................................................................................... O. coulsoni n. sp. Funding This study and field work of one of us (I.I. Marchenko) was supported by The Federal Fundamental Scientific Research Programme for 2013–2020 [VI.51.1.7. 30.4].Published as part of Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., Marchenko, Irina I. & Teodorowicz, Ewa, 2014, Description of Orthadenella coulsoni sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Melicharidae) from Siberia with a key to the females of Orthadenella, pp. 1659-1671 in Journal of Natural History 49 (27) on pages 1661-1670, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974706, http://zenodo.org/record/400637
Turbocharger speed monitoring based on vibration measurements for diesel engine management
No full textA non-Hermitian generalisation of the Marchenko-Pastur distribution: from the circular law to multi-criticality
No full textAkemann G, Byun S-S, Kang N-G. A non-Hermitian generalisation of the Marchenko-Pastur distribution: from the circular law to multi-criticality. Annales Henri Poincaré . 2020.We consider the complex eigenvalues of a Wishart type random matrix model X = X1X2*, where two rectangular complex Ginibre matrices X-1,X-2 of size N x (N + nu) are correlated through a non-Hermiticity parameter t is an element of [0, 1]. For general nu = O(N) and tau, we obtain the global limiting density and its support, given by a shifted ellipse. It provides a non-Hermitian generalisation of the Marchenko-Pastur distribution, which is recovered at maximal correlation X-1 = X-2 when tau = 1. The square root of the complex Wishart eigenvalues, corresponding to the nonzero complex eigenvalues of the Dirac matrix D = ((0) (X2) (X1)(0)), are supported in a domain parametrised by a quartic equation. It displays a lemniscate type transition at a critical value tc, where the interior of the spectrum splits into two connected components. At multi-criticality, we obtain the limiting local kernel given by the edge kernel of the Ginibre ensemble in squared variables. For the global statistics, we apply Frostman's equilibrium problem to the 2D Coulomb gas, whereas the local statistics follows from a saddle point analysis of the kernel of orthogonal Laguerre polynomials in the complex plane
A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 Maturity Models: Applicability in the O&G Upstream Industry
No full textThe study aims to review the currently available Industry 4.0 (I4.0) maturity models (MMs) for manufacturing industries and analyse their applicability in the oil and gas (O&G) upstream sector. Knowing that the growth in demand for energy through crude oil and natural gas is still viable over the next decade, there is the drive to ensure sustenance and improvement in production. The study sees an opportunity in harnessing the gains of Industry 4.0 technologies for better solution-driven strategies in production processes, equipment availability and reliability which would translate into higher production performance. So, a review on the Industry 4.0 MMs is considered important. A systematic and in-depth literature review was performed to identify the specific requirements of this industry. This study examined the key characteristics of the O&G upstream sector and identified research gaps that need to be addressed to successfully support this industry for Industry 4.0 implementation. An Industry 4.0 MM that reflects the industrial realities for this industry more accurately from insights drawn from reviews of existing MMs is proposed. The review of 19 selected Industry 4.0 MMs revealed that the existing MMs are not a direct fit for the O&G upstream industry. Only a few of the models were clear on validation but with subjectivity, low number of persons and industries involved as limitations; none of the models confirmed validation with the O&G industry. There are varying views on the model dimensions and maturity levels by each author and not all required areas specific to the O&G industries were acknowledged by the models. An MM specific to this industry is therefore required. Although the journey of digitisation has commenced in the O&G industry, a reduction with the challenges of transition towards Industry 4.0 implementation and provision of support for improved efficiency is assured using a robust MM, as proposed in this paper
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Graded Gyroid Structures for Load Bearing Orthopedic Implants
No full textThe availability of advanced tools able to model complex geometries along with the relaxing of the constraints related to the manufacturing technologies are heavily transforming the design approach in many fields, including healthcare. The focus of this paper is on the optimization of porous lightweight cellular geometries in the orthopedic implants design: lattice structures have proven to fulfill the biological, mechanical, and technological constraints required in designing load bearing devices. The aim is to collect the information provided by the related literature to describe the effects induced by the selection of parameters designing lattice gyroid structures for orthopedic implants
O. Henry reviews his writing techniques
No full textAmerican author William Sydney Porter, better known by his pen name "O. Henry," reviews his writing techniques
Resourcefulness quantification approach for resilient communities and countries
Get PDFAvailability of resources is one of the primary criteria for communities to attain a high resilience level during disaster events. This paper introduces a new approach to evaluate resourcefulness at the community and national scales. Resourcefulness is calculated using a proposed composite resourcefulness index, which is a combination of several resourcefulness indicators. To build the resourcefulness index, resourcefulness indicators representing the different aspects of resourcefulness are collected from renowned literary publications. Every indicator is assigned a measure to make it quantifiable. Time-history data for the measures are needed to perform the analysis. While these data could be obtained from different sources, acquiring a full set of data is quite challenging. Hence, to account for missing data, the Multiple Imputation (MI) and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) data imputation methods are adopted. The data are then normalized, assigned weights, and aggregated to obtain the resourcefulness index. A case study is performed to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. The resourcefulness indexes of two countries, namely the United States and Italy, are evaluated. Results show that resourceful communities/countries are more resilient during disaster events as they have more tools to come up with solutions. It is also shown that knowing the current resourcefulness level helps in better identifying what aspects should be improved.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Integral Design & Managemen
Cooling rates of neutron stars and the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
No full textWe explore the thermal state of the neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant using the recent result of Ho & Heinke that the thermal radiation of this star is well described by a carbon atmosphere model and the emission comes from the entire stellar surface. Starting from neutron star cooling theory, we formulate a robust method to extract neutrino cooling rates of thermally relaxed stars at the neutrino cooling stage from observations of thermal surface radiation. We show how to compare these rates with the rates of standard candles – stars with non-superfluid nucleon cores cooling slowly via the modified Urca process. We find that the internal temperature of standard candles is a well-defined function of the stellar compactness parameter x=rg/R, irrespective of the equation of state of neutron star matter (R and rg are circumferential and gravitational radii, respectively). We demonstrate that the data on the Cassiopeia A neutron star can be explained in terms of three parameters: f?, the neutrino cooling efficiency with respect to the standard candle; the compactness x; and the amount of light elements in the heat-blanketing envelope. For an ordinary (iron) heat-blanketing envelope or a low-mass (? 10?13 M?) carbon envelope, we find the efficiency f?? 1 (standard cooling) for x? 0.5 and f?? 0.02 (slower cooling) for a maximum compactness x? 0.7. A heat blanket containing the maximum mass (?10?8 M?) of light elements increases f? by a factor of 50. We also examine the (unlikely) possibility that the star is still thermally non-relaxe
Probabilistic framework to evaluate the resilience of engineering systems using Bayesian and dynamic Bayesian networks
Get PDFResilience indicators are a convenient tool to assess the resilience of engineering systems. They are often used in preliminary designs or in the assessment of complex systems. This paper introduces a novel approach to assess the time-dependent resilience of engineering systems using resilience indicators. A Bayesian network (BN) approach is employed to handle the relationships among the indicators. BN is known for its capability of handling causal dependencies between different variables in probabilistic terms. However, the use of BN is limited to static systems that are in a state of equilibrium. Being at equilibrium is often not the case because most engineering systems are dynamic in nature as their performance fluctuates with time, especially after disturbing events (e.g. natural disasters). Therefore, the temporal dimension is tackled in this work using the Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). DBN extends the classical BN by adding the time dimension. It permits the interaction among variables at different time steps. It can be used to track the evolution of a system's performance given an evidence recorded at a previous time step. This allows predicting the resilience state of a system given its initial condition. A mathematical probabilistic framework based on the DBN is developed to model the resilience of dynamic engineering systems. Two illustrative examples are presented in the paper to demonstrate the applicability of the introduced framework. One example evaluates the resilience of Brazil. The other one evaluates the resilience of a transportation system.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Integral Design & Managemen
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