1,721,123 research outputs found

    Wie (in-)kompetent sind die Aufsichtsräte deutscher Banken?

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    Eine Auswertung der Lebensläufe von 426 Aufsichtsratsmitgliedern in den 29 größten deutschen Banken, die von Marcel Thum, ifo Dresden, und Harald Hau, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, vorgenommen wurde, zeigt, dass Finanzmarkt- und Bankerfahrung von Aufsichtsratsmitgliedern besonders in den öffentlich-rechtlichen Banken die Ausnahme und nicht die Regel sind. Oft fehlt ihnen dadurch die Kompetenz, ihre Kontrollfunktion effektiv auszufüllen. Die besonders hohen Verluste dieser Banken im internationalen Finanzgeschäft sind, nach Thum und Hau, auch aus dem Fehlen effektiver Managementkontrolle erklärbar. Forderungen nach zusätzlicher Bankenreglementierung erscheinen den Autoren weitgehend irrelevant, solange die bestehenden Aufsichtsratsstrukturen einer hinreichenden Kontrollkompetenz entbehren.Aufsichtsrat, Führungskräfte, Bankmanager, Kompetenz, Deutschland

    Unsichere Klimafolgen und rationale Klimapolitik

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    Für die Klimapolitik einzelner Länder spielt nach Ansicht von Heike Auerswald, Technische Universität Dresden, Kai A. Konrad, Max-Planck-Institut für Steuerrecht und Öffentliche Finanzen, und Marcel Thum, Technische Universität Dresden und Niederlassung Dresden des ifo Instituts, neben der globalen Bedeutung des Problems die große Unsicherheit bezüglich der möglichen zukünftigen Schäden eine wichtige Rolle. Unilaterale Vorleistungen in der Klimapolitik können in einer Welt risikoaverser Entscheider dazu führen, dass die globalen Treibhausgasemissionen steigen. Es empfiehlt sich eine strategische Festlegung auf Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Diese schützen nicht nur das eigene Land vor den Klimafolgen, sondern zwingen auch andere Akteure dazu, mehr in Emissionsvermeidung zu investieren und so die globalen Risiken aus dem Klimawandel zu mindern.Energieversorgung, Nachhaltige Entwicklung, Reform, Umweltverträgliche Energiepolitik, Deutschland

    The Dynamics of Corruption with the Ratchet Effect

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    This paper provides a simple model of corruption dynamics with the ratchet effect. As in Shleifer and Vishny [1993], we consider the sale of government property (entry permit) by government officials as the prototype of corruption activities. In a dynamic version of the Shleifer-Vishny model, corrupt officials have ex post the incentive to price discriminate entrepreneurs based on the entry decisions made in an earlier period. We show that the inability of government officials to commit to future money demands induces the ratchet effect in that entrepreneurs have incentives to delay entry in order to receive a discount in the permit price later. The ex post opportunism erodes the official's extortion power and reduces his revenues from selling permits. Even though the dynamic setting leaves the corrupt official with less extortion power, we cannot rule out the possibility that the official's ability to apply dynamic discrimination decreases the intertemporal aggregate social welfare. We also explore the effect of the official's tenure stability on the extent of corruption. This allows us to identify circumstances under which the often observed practice of job rotation can help mitigate corruption.Corruption dynamics, ratchet effect, ex post opportunism, dynamic consistency

    Reformen und Aufbruch – Der Verein für Socialpolitik von 1990 bis 2010

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    Der Verein für Socialpolitik konnte in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren auf eine beeindruckende Historie zurückblicken, drohte aber den Anschluss an die sich mehr und mehr internationalisierende Wirtschaftswissenschaft zu verlieren. In diesem Beitrag zeichnen Friedrich Schneider, Ronnie Schöb, Hans-Werner Sinn und Marcel Thum die wichtigsten Veränderungen und Reformmaßnahmen in den Jahren 1990–2010 nach, mit denen der Verein für Socialpolitik zu einem international wettbewerbsfähigen Forum für wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Forschung wurde. Die vielfältigen Reformen in diesen zwei Jahrzehnten haben mit dazu beigetragen, dass die wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum in der Breite international anschlussfähig wurde

    Asymmetric Information Renders Minimum Wages Less Harmful

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    We show that a minimum wage introduced in the presence of asymmetric information about worker productivities will lead to lower unemployment levels than predicted by the standard labour market model with heterogeneous labour and symmetric information.minimum wages, unemployment, asymmetric information, labour market regulation

    Ageing Municipalities, Gerontocracy and Fiscal Competition

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    We develop a simple model of fiscal competition among ageing municipalities. When ageing advances, gerontocracies and social planners gradually substitute publicly provided goods aimed at the mobile young population for publicly provided goods for the elderly. Thissubstitution process does not only depend on the ageing itself but also on crowding effects and on the regional distribution of the elderly population. We show that fiscal competition prevents the exploitation of the young. When the share of the elderly is sufficiently large, theutility of the young is even higher in gerontocracies than in welfare maximizing societies. Due to fiscal competition, the gerontocracies will provide even more of the publicly provided good for the young than the social planner.demographic change, fiscal competition, publicly provided goods

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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