367 research outputs found
Cicinnus magnapuncta Kaye 1901
No full text<i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> (Kaye, 1901) <p>(Figs. 6, 9, 10, 31)</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Trinidad, Tabaquite [NHMUK, syntype examined, designated here as lectotype] <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye, 1901: Kaye (1901); Kaye & Lamont (1927).</p> <p> <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> was described and illustrated implicitly from one (but possibly more) specimens collected at Tabaquite, central Trinidad, in June 1898 by W.J. Kaye (Kaye 1901, Kaye & Lamont 1927). Kaye (1901) does not indicate the sex of the type material but his illustration and the single specimen recognized as a type in the NHMUK is female (Fig. 31). The syntype in the NHMUK lacks a collecting data label, though it does bear a label reading “Trinidad, Kaye” and the accession number 1901-72. On the reverse of the accession label, <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye is handwritten, in a style similar to that seen for other Kaye types from 1901 in NHMUK, although different from Kaye’s characteristic writing on later types. A red edged type label is also present on the specimen, along with a genitalia preparation label (the genitalia are apparently missing because the slide only contains the terminal two abdominal segments). We therefore believe that this specimen is a syntype, and here designate it as the lectotype with the following labels: C, magnapuncta Keyes [<i>recte</i> Kaye] Type genit.pr. No 6 Mimallonidae / BMNH(E) #805414/ NHMUK010588329/ Type [red edged circular label]/ Trinidad Kaye 1901 -72 [number after 1901 unclear, 72 or 92, written on upper surface of label]; <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye [written on lower surface of label]/ LECTOTYPE ♀ <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye designated by St Laurent and Cock, 2017 [red handwritten label].</p> <p> <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> was the only mimallonid species described from Trinidad until <i>C. trini</i> described above. Although <i>C. magnapuncta</i> seemed to be endemic to the island, a single male specimen from French Guiana in the MNHN (Fig. 9) may be this species considering the similarities in external appearance to the females and the close affinity of Trinidad Mimallonidae with those of French Guiana. However, due to the lack of males from Trinidad, it is not possible to definitively state at this time that the two populations are conspecific. Interestingly, so far only females of <i>C. magnapuncta</i> have been collected or photographed in Trinidad, thus males seem to either not be strongly attracted to light or are potentially diurnal or crepuscular whereas the females arrive late (23.51 h and 0 0.44 h) at light (K. Sookdeo pers. comm.).</p> <p> Several similar <i>Cicinnus</i> species are known from mainland South America, namely: <i>C. bactriana</i> (Butler, 1878), <i>C. callipius</i> Schaus, 1928, <i>C. candacus</i> Schaus, 1928, <i>C. gaujoni</i> (Dognin, 1922), and <i>C. marona</i> Schaus, 1905. Primary types of all species have been examined by the first author. <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> is unique in having weak maculation, particularly submarginally, such that there is a complete absence of dark petiolate scales. The relatively faint postmedial lines and discal spots, as well as light brown to fawn ground coloration, also can be used to distinguish <i>C. magnapuncta</i> from other species listed previously, which are darker brown or nearly orange in the case of <i>C. marona</i>, and nearly always have stronger maculation.</p> <p> Prior to this work, <i>C. magnapuncta</i> was only known from a single location in Trinidad, therefore we report several new locations for this species, and figure actual specimens (not a painted illustration) for the first time. This species is restricted to forested areas of Trinidad, though the previously mentioned specimen from French Guiana may be this species. In addition to the lectotype collected from Tabaquite in the Central Range, <i>C. magnapuncta</i> has been found on the slopes of the Northern Range.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> (1 ♂ *, 6 ♀ total) <b>TRINIDAD</b>: 2 ♀, Brasso Seco: 14.III.2015 (K. Sookdeo photograph, not collected). 1 ♀, Cumaca Road 0.5 mi: 27.X.1980, M.J.W. Cock [<i>leg.</i>], at MV Light (UWIZM CABI.2457). 3 ♀, Cumaca Road, 4.6 mi: 21.X.1982, M.J.W. Cock [<i>leg.</i>], at MV light (2 ♀ MWJC, 1 ♀ to be deposited USNM). 1 ♀, [Tabaquite]: [VI.1898], Kaye 1901, [lecto] type, BMNH (E)# 805414, NHMUK 010588329 (NHMUK). <b>FRENCH GUIANA:</b> 1 ♂, St. Jean du Maroni: 2.I.1978, T. Porion <i>leg.</i> [*provisionally identified as this species] (MNHN).</p>Published as part of <i>St Laurent, Ryan A. & Cock, Matthew J. W., 2017, Annotated list of Mimallonidae (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea) from Trinidad and Tobago, with the description of a new species of Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852 and taxonomic notes, pp. 53-70 in Zootaxa 4268 (1)</i> on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4268.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/579898">http://zenodo.org/record/579898</a>
Early growth response gene-2 (Egr-2) regulates the development of B and T cells
No full textThe study was supported by Arthritis Research UK.
Copyright @ 2011 Li et al.BACKGROUND: Understanding of how transcription factors are involved in lymphocyte development still remains a challenge. It has been shown that Egr-2 deficiency results in impaired NKT cell development and defective positive selection of T cells. Here we investigated the development of T, B and NKT cells in Egr-2 transgenic mice and the roles in the regulation of distinct stages of B and T cell development. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The expression of Egr1, 2 and 3 were analysed at different stages of T and B cell development by RT-PCT and results showed that the expression was strictly regulated at different stages. Forced expression of Egr-2 in CD2+ lymphocytes resulted in a severe reduction of CD4+CD8+ (DP) cells in thymus and pro-B cells in bone marrow, which was associated with reduced expression of Notch1 in ISP thymocytes and Pax5 in pro-B cells, suggesting that retraction of Egr-2 at the ISP and pro-B cell stages is important for the activation of lineage differentiation programs. In contrast to reduction of DP and pro-B cells, Egr-2 enhanced the maturation of DP cells into single positive (SP) T and NKT cells in thymus, and immature B cells into mature B cells in bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Egr-2 expressed in restricted stages of lymphocyte development plays a dynamic, but similar role for the development of T, NKT and B cells.This article is provided by the Brunel Open Access publishing fund
RoMEO Studies 2: How academics wish to protect their open-access research paper
No full textThis paper is the second in a series of studies (see Gadd, E., C. Oppenheim, and S. Probets. RoMEO Studies 1: The impact of copyright ownership on author-self-archiving. Journal of Documentation. 59(3) 243-277) emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It considers the protection for research papers afforded by UK copyright law, and by e-journal licences. It compares this with the protection required by academic authors for open-access research papers as discovered by the RoMEO academic author survey. The survey used the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) as a framework for collecting views from 542 academics as to the permissions, restrictions, and conditions they wanted to assert over their works. Responses from self-archivers and non-archivers are compared. Concludes that most academic authors are primarily interested in preserving their moral rights, and that the protection offered research papers by copyright law is way in excess of that required by most academics. It also raises concerns about the level of protection enforced by e-journal licence agreement
Parameter optimization of differential evolution algorithm for automatic playlist generation problem
No full textRoy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full textSupplemental Information for
Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.
Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)
*Corresponding author(s)
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet.
The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:
Authors:
Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)
*Corresponding author(s)
README:
We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 36–51) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below:
Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112
We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples (31-34, 52-79) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.
We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.
Sheets:
|----- PCA All : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/z) ratios of 55 peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts
|-----PCA All Normalised : same data as PCA All but peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA All Mean Centered: same data as PCA Normalised but with peak raw intensity mean centered.
|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All using all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA All Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA All.
|-----PCA All Scores: PCA scores for all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA No Lipids RAW: same data as PCA All but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Normalised: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts mean centered.
|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors.
|-----PCA No Lipids Scores: PCA scores for all peaks excluding those of lipid origin (CxH-).
The dataset can be created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.
1. Google Sheets
2. Apache Open Office
3. Libre Office
4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).
Population genetic analysis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on peanut in North Carolina and Virginia.
No full textExploring the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of plant viruses is critical to understanding their ecology and epidemiology. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an ambisense RNA virus that infects over 1000 species of plants and has been shown to reassort its genome. To further investigate this virus, maximum-likelihood and population genetics-based methods were used to investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and sources of genetic variation in field isolates of TSWV from peanut in North Carolina and Virginia. Selected regions of the nucleocapsid, movement, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes were amplified and sequenced to identify haplotypes and infer genetic relationships between isolates of TSWV with heuristic methods. The haplotype structure of each locus consisted of one or two predominant haplotypes and more than 100 haplotypes represented by a single isolate. No specific haplotypes or clades were associated with geographic area, peanut cultivar or year. The population was panmictic at the regional level and high levels of genetic diversity were observed among isolates. There was evidence for negative selection acting upon each locus and maximum-likelihood analyses indicated that exponential growth was occurring in the population. The results of compatibility analyses and the persistence of specific gene sequences in isolates collected over three field seasons suggest that recombination was occurring in the population. Phylogenetic analysis supports that each locus has an independent evolutionary history.
Also, high diversity in viruses has been attributed to the occurrence of recombination and mutation To investigate recombination in TSWV, matrix compatibility and ancestral recombination methods were used to detect, quantify, and reconstruct the history of recombination in three genes of TSWV in isolates collected from three cultivars of peanut (Gregory, NC12C, and Perry) sampled in multiple years. Site commonalities among the isolates collected from different cultivars were found in each gene where the majority of the recombination appeared to be occurring. These corresponded to sequence near the 3′ terminus in the N and RdRP genes and to sequence near the 5′ terminus in the NSm gene. Between isolates collected from different peanut cultivars, the Gregory isolates proportionally had the most recombination occurring in the N gene and the RdRP genes, while the Perry isolates had the most recombination occurring in the NSm. Recombination rates per site estimated for the N, NSm, and RdRP genes in the NC12C isolates were 0.00934, 0.01559, and 0.00495, respectively
'She's a F**king ticket':the pragmatics of f**k in Irish English - an age and gender perspective
No full textIn this paper, I examine the pragmatics of FUCK in terms of age and gender inan Irish English context. The paper aims to explore sociolinguistic variationin the use of this taboo form by using quantitative and qualitative corpusbasedtools and methodologies, which include relative frequency lists andconcordances, as well as details of formulaic strings, including significantclusters. I show that FUCK is a high-frequency item in everyday talk. Iillustrate that, in terms of age and gender, FUCK occurs most frequentlyamong male speakers in their twenties. I also focus on fucking as anextremely emotionally charged form that is a high frequency item in theinteractions of both the males in their twenties and the males in theirforties. I note that the use of this form brings a certain dramatic intensityor dynamism to their discourse. I attribute this intensity to being a feature ofhow males interact. I conclude by discussing other variables at play in thedata
Charting the learning path: cues to parameter setting
No full textThis paper argues for a particular conception of how grammar acquisition proceeds. From the perspective of a parametric theory, the author argues for an approach which builds on the cue-based learning model of Dresher and Kaye (1990). On this view, acquisition proceeds by means of an ordered path, in which the cues to parameters become progressively more abstract and grammar-internal the farther along the path one goes. Moreover: the learner is not attempting to match target input forms (contra the Triggering Learning Algorithm of Gibson & Wexler 1994), but rather uses them as a source of evidence bearing on parameter setting; cues are purely local, and there is no useful measure of overall goodness-of-fit (contra the Genetic Algorithm of Clark & Roberts 1993; representations are construed as a by-product of grammar acquisition, and are not available to the learner beforehand (contra the Constraint Demotion algorithms of Tesar & Smolensky 1993)
Towards a Generative Phonology of Arabic: A Review Article
No full textI.O. The work under consideration1was originally a doctoral dissertation at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Department of Linguistics, under the supervision of the former head of that department, Professor Robert B. Lees, now at the University of Tel Aviv. The book deals with an interesting subject, to be sure. The basic theses and conclusions presented are worth considering and worth testing, though in my opinion they are wrong. The work as a whole is marred by typographic, stylistic and scholastic infelicities, the latter in the form of erroneous bibliographical citations, for the most part. First, I shall address myself to the main theme in terms of general linguistic theory, and Arabic linguistics and dialectology. Then I shall proceed to list some of the typographic, stylistic and scholastic infelicities, more to help the author should he revise the work than to inform the reader who would, of course, see them for himself.</jats:p
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full text<p><em>Supplemental Information for</em></p>
<p>Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.</p>
<p>Arindam Roy<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851</a>)</p>
<p>Michael Pittman<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078</a>)</p>
<p>Thomas G. Kaye (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X</a>)</p>
<p>Evan T. Saitta (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060</a>)</p>
<p>*Corresponding author(s)</p>
<p><strong>Email: </strong><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> ; <a href="http://palaeopittman.com/2022/03/27/lab-members/[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
<p>The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet. </p>
<p>The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:</p>
<p>Authors: </p>
<p>Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)<br>
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)<br>
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)<br>
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)<br>
*Corresponding author(s)</p>
<p>README: </p>
<p>We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 34–49) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below: </p>
<p>Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112</p>
<p>We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples(31-33, 50-77) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.</p>
<p>We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.</p>
<p>Sheets: </p>
<p>|----- PCA whole : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/Z) ratios of peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts<br>
|-----PCA Norm : same data as PCA whole but peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA Mean Centered: same data as PCA Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using all peaks.<br>
|-----PCA Scores<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids RAW: same data as PCA whole but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH- ) <br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Norm: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using peaks excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Scores</p>
<p><br>
The dataset can be created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.<br>
1. Google Sheets<br>
2. Apache Open Office<br>
3. Libre Office<br>
4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).</p>
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