24 research outputs found
The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence
No full textAbstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are recognized among the most disruptive public health issues of the current century. A large body of evidence from epidemiological and clinical research supports the existence of a strong interconnection between these conditions, such that the unifying term cardio-metabolic-renal (CMR) disease has been defined. This coexistence has remarkable epidemiological, pathophysiologic, and prognostic implications. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced damage to the cardio-renal system are well validated, as are those that tie cardiac and renal disease together. Yet, it remains controversial how and to what extent CVD and CKD can promote metabolic dysregulation. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the epidemiology of the CMR connections; to discuss the well-established, as well as the putative and emerging mechanisms implicated in the interplay among these three entities; and to provide a pathophysiological background for an integrated therapeutic intervention aiming at interrupting this vicious crosstalks
The Elusive Nature of ABCC8-related Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (ABCC8-MODY). A Review of the Literature and Case Discussion
No full textPurpose of Review: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are monogenic forms of diabetes resulting from genetic defects, usually transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, leading to β-cell dysfunction. Due to the lack of homogeneous clinical features and univocal diagnostic criteria, MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hence its diagnosis relies mostly on genetic testing. Fourteen subtypes of MODY have been described to date. Here, we review ABCC8-MODY pathophysiology, genetic and clinical features, and current therapeutic options. Recent Findings: ABCC8-MODY is caused by mutations in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8) gene, involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. The complexity of ABCC8-MODY genetic picture is mirrored by a variety of clinical manifestations, encompassing a wide spectrum of disease severity. Such inconsistency of genotype-phenotype correlation has not been fully understood. A correct diagnosis is crucial for the choice of adequate treatment and outcome improvement. By targeting the defective gene product, sulfonylureas are the preferred medications in ABCC8-MODY, although efficacy vary substantially. We illustrate three case reports in whom a diagnosis of ABCC8-MODY was suspected after the identification of novel ABCC8 variants that turned out to be of unknown significance. We discuss that careful interpretation of genetic testing is needed even on the background of a suggestive clinical context. Summary: We highlight the need for further research to unravel ABCC8-MODY disease mechanisms, as well as to clarify the pathogenicity of identified ABCC8 variants and their influence on clinical presentation and response to therapy
Kreatives Übersetzen von Idiomen. Ein didaktisches Experiment
No full textThe present contribution aims at investigating the interrelation of creativity and level of competence in students of translation science. In order to find out whether creativity increases or decreases with the acquisition of more advanced competencies and skills in text analysis, translation and translation assessment, a didactic experiment was devised that involved students from different courses (both at Bachelor’s and Master’s level). The experiment focused on the translation of idiomatic expressions, which often pose a challenge for translators and are supposed to enhance creativity. The author first classified the translations according to a typology of correspondences, in order to assess the students’ degree of basic creativity. In a second step, the quality of the provided solutions was judged, in order to establish the degree of what has been termed successful creativity. The results are encouraging, although further studies are certainly needed
La GPA tra conflitti distributivi e governo del limite
No full textThe article aims to overcome the dichotomies that traditionally characterize the
public debate on surrogacy – such as birth power/commodification, coercion/consent
and dignity/self-determination – by shedding light on the distributive conflicts that
lie beneath the surrogacy transactions. In particular, the author analyzes the birth
mother/surrogacy market relationship, and the alleged infringement of human dignity,
with a focus on the shortage of alternatives offered by a patriarchal economy based
on the production/reproduction divide.
Eventually the article highlights jurists’ misuse of Nature as a normative principle
and the legal construction of Motherhood as a powerful apparatus functional to the preservation of the traditional family
Le Sezioni Unite e il nodo del lavoro riproduttivo (Note sull’assegno di divorzio)
No full textThis article analyzes the legal regime of reproductive labor as de-
fined by the case law of the Italian Supreme Court on alimony at di-
vorce. It aims to highlight the limits of the recognition and assessment
of family care work in the most recent decisions rendered by the Cas-
sation Court in Plenary Session. Given the traditional invisibility of re-
productive labor in the legal spectrum, the Supreme Court’s overruling
of 2018 on alimony and the subsequent precedents can be seen as a
major factor of innovation in the field and an important step towards
substantive gender equality in family law. Nevertheless – the author
claims – the rhetorical setting associated with the production/repro-
duction divide remains in place and represents a significant obstacle
to the full recognition of the productive value of care
L'hedging nel discorso sociologico italiano e tedesco
No full textThis paper aims to describe hedging strategies in German and Italian sociological texts. The domain of sociology was chosen in consideration of the important role attenuating devices can play in this kind of discourse in order to express subtle nuances of meaning or communicative intention.
A bilingual review, containing articles of German and Italian sociologists together with their respective translations, gave the opportunity to conduct both a constrastive and a translational analysis. As a first step, the use of hedges in the original German and Italian articles was analysed in order to find out possible differences between the two languages and cultures. Indeed, the results confirmed the cultural boundedness described in previous studies on other languages and showed different preferences for particular types of hedges: German authors use attenuating devices mainly for the sake of precision, Italian authors mostly for interpersonal reasons. In the second part of the analysis, attention was focused on the problems that can be posed by the translation of hedges. Firstly, the linguistic devices used for hedging purposes may differ in the two languages, so that translators should not content themselves with “direct” equivalents but rather know what forms are most frequently used in the target language. Secondly, translators should consider whether to adapt the patterns of hedging to the conventions of the target language to achieve an equivalent effect. And lastly, it may difficult to determine the precise meaning attributed by an author to a given hedge: in the most complex cases, therefore, the correct interpretation will be obtained only with his consultation
Hyperglycemia, circulating stem cells and long-term outcome of COVID-19
No full textopenIperglicemia, cellule staminali circolanti e outcome a lungo termine di COVID-19Hyperglycemia, circulating stem cells and long-term outcome of COVID-1
Sex differences in the weight response to GLP-1RA in people with type 2 diabetes. A long-term longitudinal real-world study
No full textSex differences may influence pathophysiology, treatment response, and outcomes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed whether sex affected clinical response to GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in a large real-world cohort. Thus, we conducted a multicentre, retrospective, longitudinal study of 7847 individuals with T2D initiating GLP-1RA therapy across 18 Italian diabetes centres. Participants were stratified by self-reported sex. The primary outcome was change in body weight over time; secondary outcomes included changes in HbA1c, renal function, and lipid profile. Analyses were performed using a mixed model for repeated measures, adjusting for baseline imbalances.Participants were 60 % male, with similar age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c (mean 8.0 %). Females had higher BMI but fewer micro- and macrovascular complications. Over a median 4-year follow-up, females experienced significantly greater weight reduction than males (adjusted mean difference: −1.1 kg; p < 0.001), with more females achieving a weight loss of ≥ 5 % (66.5 % vs. 58.0 %, p < 0.001) or ≥ 10 % (40.0 % vs 30.7 %, p < 0.001). This sex difference in weight loss remained unchanged after progressive adjustment for variables that differed between males and females, across GLP-1RA molecules, and after accounting for weight-adjusted drug doses. Instead, HbA1c reductions were comparable between men and women (mean difference 0.4 mmol/mol; p = 0.21).In conclusion, in this real-world cohort, women achieved greater weight loss than men after GLP-1RA initiation, independently of dosing. These findings highlight sex as a potential predictor of GLP-1RA response and support individualized T2D management. Further investigation is needed to clarify the biological mechanisms underlying this sex-specific response
Improved prediction of long-term kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes by levels of circulating haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
No full textAim/hypothesis: We examined whether prediction of long-term kidney outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes can be improved by measuring circulating levels of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which are reduced in diabetes and are associated with cardiovascular risk. Methods: We included individuals with type 2 diabetes who had a baseline determination of circulating HSPCs in 2004–2019 at the diabetes centre of the University Hospital of Padua and divided them into two groups based on their median value per ml of blood. We collected updated data on eGFR and albuminuria up to December 2022. The primary endpoint was a composite of new-onset macroalbuminuria, sustained ≥40% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease or death from any cause. The analyses were adjusted for known predictors of kidney disease in the population with diabetes. Results: We analysed 342 participants (67.8% men) with a mean age of 65.6 years. Those with low HSPC counts (n=171) were significantly older and had a greater prevalence of hypertension, heart failure and nephropathy (45.0% vs 33.9%; p=0.036), as evidenced by lower eGFR and higher albuminuria at baseline. During a median follow-up of 6.7 years, participants with high vs low HSPC counts had lower rates of the composite kidney outcome (adjusted HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.49, 0.97]), slower decline in eGFR and a similar increase in albuminuria. Adding the HSPC information to the risk score of the CKD Prognosis Consortium significantly improved discrimination of individuals with future adverse kidney outcomes. Conclusions/interpretation: HSPC levels predict worsening of kidney function and improve the identification of individuals with type 2 diabetes and adverse kidney outcomes over and beyond a clinical risk score. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Il processo della revisione e la qualità del testo finale: alcune riflessioni basate su un manuale di infermieristica
No full textpp.133-156This article presents a case study of translation revision. The author analyses the revised transtation of a handbook on nursing using an adaptation of the
psycholinguistic model proposed by Hayes et al. (1987) in order to investigate
the relationships between the reviser’s cognitive processes and the quality of the
end product. In particular, three factors are analysed: the development of the
reviser’s task definition; the relationship between the quality of the translation
and that of the revision; and the reviser's tolerance margin. The results highlight
therefore that revision is a non-linear and non-uniform process, which is aflected
mostly by the way the task definition changes as the revision proceeds
