185 research outputs found
Plusiocampa (Dydimocampa) alhamae Conde & Sendra 1989
No full text<i>Plusiocampa</i> (<i>Dydimocampa</i>) <i>alhamae</i> Condé & Sendra, 1989 <p> <i>Plusiocampa alhamae</i> Condé & Sendra, 1989: 612, figs 1–3, tables 1–3.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (Condé & Sendra 1989)</p> <p> Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 35–40 antennomeres; up to 17 digitiform complex olfactory chemoreceptors on cupuliform organ; slightly protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 <i>ma</i>, 3+3 <i>la</i>, 2+2 <i>lp</i> macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 <i>ma</i>, 2+2 <i>la</i>, 2+2 <i>lp</i>, 1+1 <i>mp</i> macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 <i>ma</i>, 1+1 <i>la</i>, 2+2 <i>lp</i>, 1+1 <i>mp</i> macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae with thin barbs; sparse long, barbed notal clothing setae. Two to four ventral tibial macrosetae, femur/tibia ratio 0.69; subequal, elbow-like claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang; long lateral process. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 <i>post</i> macrosetae; urotergite III with 0+0–1+1 <i>la</i>, 1+1 <i>post</i> macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 <i>la</i>, 2+2–4+4 <i>post</i> macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 <i>la</i>, 4+4–5+5 <i>post</i> macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 1+1 <i>la</i>, 5+5 <i>post</i> macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 <i>post</i> macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with up to 8+8 macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular <i> g 1</i> setae, subcylindrical appendages with glandular <i> a 1</i> setae; female appendages like male appendages. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 1½ turns of 100–140 µm long and 2 µm wide filament.</p> Habitat and distribution <p>Troglomorphic species found in four caves around the Sub-Baetic Interior Mountain Range, from Antequera (Málaga) to Sierra María (Almería), southern Iberian Peninsula.</p>Published as part of <i>Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Kovac, L'ubomír, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591</i> on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3659823">http://zenodo.org/record/3659823</a>
Explora la ruta del pescado. Acuicultura marina en la Comunidad Valenciana
No full textEste cómic forma parte del programa ThinkInAzul y ha sido apoyado por MCIN con fondos de la Unión Europea NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) y por la GeneralitatValenciana (GVA-THINKINAZUL/2021/019; investigadora principal: Esther Sendra Nadal, UMH)
Des del camp i el mar a taula: creació d'una empresa d'experiències gastronòmiques
No full text[ES] El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) se centra en el diseño de un conjunto de experiencias gastronómicas situadas en la comarca de la Marina Alta
(Alicante), con el objetivo de activar y visibilizar el patrimonio alimentario inmaterial del territorio desde un enfoque sensible, participativo y no convencional. A partir de un proceso de investigación etnográfica y análisis contextual, se han conceptualizado propuestas que integran la cocina tradicional, los saberes campesinos, la memoria oral y la práctica culinaria como herramientas para la mediación cultural y la dinamización rural.
Lejos de ofrecer una visión turística estandarizada, el proyecto plantea una metodología de diseño experiencial que valora los vínculos entre alimento, paisaje e
identidad, articulando actividades como talleres, caminatas, cenas performativas y encuentros intergeneracionales en espacios con fuerte carga simbólica. El enfoque
prioriza el trabajo con agentes locales y la creación de formatos flexibles, inclusivos y sostenibles, capaces de generar impacto social y cultural en el ámbito rural.
Este trabajo se propone, así como una aportación al campo de la innovación social y la educación patrimonial a través de la gastronomía, promoviendo una mirada crítica y creativa sobre el turismo gastronómico contemporáneo y su potencial transformador.[EN] This Final Degree Project (TFG) focuses on the design of a series of gastronomic experiences rooted in the region of Marina Alta (Alicante), with the aim of
activating and making visible the territory s intangible food heritage through a sensitive, participatory, and unconventional approach. Based on a process of ethnographic
research and contextual analysis, the project conceptualizes proposals that integrate traditional cuisine, peasant knowledge, oral memory, and culinary practice as tools for cultural mediation and rural revitalization.
Rather than offering a standardized touristic vision, the project proposes a methodology of experiential design that values the connections between food,
landscape, and identity. It articulates activities such as workshops, walks, performative dinners, and intergenerational gatherings in spaces with strong symbolic resonance. The approach prioritizes collaboration with local agents and the creation of flexible, inclusive, and sustainable formats capable of generating social and cultural impact in rural settings.
Thus, this work is presented as a contribution to the field of social innovation and heritage education through gastronomy, promoting a critical and creative perspective on contemporary gastronomic tourism and its transformative potential.Bañuls Sendra, M. (2025). Desde el campo y el mar a la mesa: creación de una empresa de experiencias gastronómicas. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/228361TFG
Hydrocarbon biodegradation and dynamic laser speckle for detecting chemotactic responses at low bacterial concentration
No full textWe report on the biodegradation of pure hydrocarbons and chemotaxis towards these compounds by an isolated chlorophenol degrader, Pseudomonas strain H. The biochemical and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence identified Pseudomonas strain H as having 99.56% similarity with P. aeruginosa PA01. This strain was able to degrade n-hexadecane, 1-undecene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and kerosene. It grew in the presence of 1-octene, while this hydrocarbons is toxic to other hydrocarbons degraders. Pseudomonas strain H was also chemotactic towards n-hexadecane, kerosene, 1-undecene and 1-dodecene. These results show that this Pseudomonas strain H is an attractive candidate for hydrocarbon-containing wastewater bioremediation in controlled environments. Since the classical standard techniques for detecting chemotaxis are not efficient at low bacterial concentrations, we demonstrate the use of the dynamic speckle laser method, which is simple and inexpensive, to confirm bacterial chemotaxis at low cell concentrations (less than 105 colony-forming unit per millilitre (CFU/mL)) when hydrocarbons are the attractants.Fil: Nisenbaum, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sendra, Gonzalo Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gilbert, Gastón Alfredo Cerdá. Obras Sanitarias Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Scagliola, Marcelo. Obras Sanitarias Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: González, Jorge Froilán. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Murialdo, Silvia Elena. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin
Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) dobati Conde in Dobat 1975
No full textPlusiocampa (Plusiocampa) dobati Condé in Dobat, 1975 Figs 18–25 Material examined GERMANY (All Swabian Alb, Baden-Württemberg): 1 Ƌ, Todsburger Höhle, 29 Jun. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Todsburger Höhle, 14 Jul. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Blautopfhöhle, 12 Oct. 2012, S. Bauer leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Blautopfhöhle, 12 Oct. 2012, S. Bauer leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Blautopfhöhle, 29 Oct. 2012, S. Bauer leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, Blautopfhöhle, 21 Sep. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 juv., Blautopfhöhle, 21 Sep. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Blautopfhöhle, 21 Sep. 2012, S. Bauer leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Bärentalhöhle, 20 Mar. 2013, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Bärentalhöhle, 13 Sep. 2013, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 ♀, 1 juv., Bärentalhöhle, 27 Nov. 2012, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Bärentalhöhle, 11 May 2013, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Bärentalhöhle, 13 Sep. 2013, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Bärentalhöhle, 15 Feb. 2014, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, Bärentalhöhle, 5 Aug. 2014, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Falkensteiner Höhle, 31 Mar. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Falkensteiner Höhle, 25 Apr. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, Vetterhöhle, 24 Feb. 2013, Holger Döhmann leg. (AS); 2 ƋƋ, Vetterhöhle, 1 Aug. 2013, Petra Boldt leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, Vetterhöhle, 20 May 2013, Petra Boldt and Udo Wohlketzetter leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Vetterhöhle, 7 Mar. 2013, Otto Schwabe and Udo Wohlketzetter leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Vetterhöhle, 24 Nov. 2013, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 1 Ƌ, Glemser Höllenloch, 17 Jul. 2014, Hannes Köble leg. (AS); 2 ƋƋ, 2 ♀♀, Wiemsener Höhle, 24 Mar. 2010, R. Straub leg. (AS); 1 ♀, Wimsener Höhle, 27 Mar. 2010, R. Straub leg. (AS); 1 juv., Hausener Bröller, 2 May 2014, Hannes Köble leg. (AS). Taxonomic remarks Antennae with 28 and 29 antennomeres in adults and 28 in one juvenile. Cupuliform organ with eight complex olfatory chemoreceptor sensilla characterized by a cylindrical central structure without noticeable pores, surrounded by one concentric fold (Figs 18–19). Gouge sensilla long (25 µm), with a tip on the end (Fig. 20). Frontal process with a frontal and lateral rim (Fig. 21). The shortness of their telotarsal processes and the shape of the claws are confirmed (Figs 23–24). The urosternites of male and female were mentioned in the original description but no drawings were produced. In the first urosternite of both males and females there are no g 1 -glandular setae and the appendages support up to 54 a 1 -glandular setae in males and up to nine in females (Figs 24–25).Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Weber, Dieter, 2018, An unexpected discovery of a new subgenus and a species of Plusiocampa (Campodeidae, Diplura) alongside an overview of Central European subterranean campodeids, pp. 1-21 in European Journal of Taxonomy 428 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.428, http://zenodo.org/record/125748
Not informed by the author
No full textA pesquisa versa sobre o fenômeno da historicidade pessoal e a possibilidade de articulação dessa mesma historicidade. Ao discutir esse acontecimento no interior do contexto clínico, pretende-se contribuir para o avanço dos estudos no campo da Psicologia Clínica, mais especificamente, na abordagem de orientação fenomenológica e hermenêutica. Tomando como ponto de apoio a ideia de historicidade, tal como proposta pelo filósofo Martin Heidegger em Ser e tempo, como realização concreta da temporalidade do existir, buscamos compreender como um determinado modo de lidar com a história pessoal pode se esgotar, abrindo espaço para que um projeto existencial venha a alcançar mobilidade histórica. Ao pensarmos esta questão inserida no contexto clínico, a partir da relação entre terapeuta e paciente, torna-se relevante pensar o papel do terapeuta como aquele que sustenta um lugar de tensão com a medida do paciente, guardando um espaço de alteridade, um espaço do acontecimento de outra possibilidade. Para tanto, o trabalho se encaminha no sentido de agrupar referências teóricas do que foi produzido no campo da Psicologia fenomenológicohermenêutica, com ênfase na daseinsanálise de Ludwig Binswanger e Medard Boss. O que caracteriza propriamente este trabalho é partir das referências de Ser e tempo e do trabalho dos psiquiatras citados, somando a elas o pensamento tardio de Martin Heidegger, apresentando uma aplicabilidade diversa do que a pensada pelo autor, na medida em que busca fazer uma analogia entre as reflexões de Heidegger sobre a mobilidade histórica do mundo e a possibilidade da mobilidade histórica do paciente no contexto clínicoThe research approaches the phenomenon of personal historicity and the possibility of articulation of this same historicity. In discussing this event within the clinical context, it is intended to contribute to the progress of studies in the field of clinical psychology, more specifically, in the phenomenological and hermeneutical approach. Taking the idea of historicity, as proposed by the philosopher Martin Heidegger in Being and Time, as a concrete realization of the temporality of being, we seek to understand how a certain way of dealing with personal history can be exhausted, opening space so an existential project can be able to reach historical mobility. When considering this matter inserted in the clinical context, from the relationship between therapist and patient, it becomes relevant to think of the role of the therapist as the one who holds a place of tension with the patient\'s measure, keeping a space of alterity, a space of occurrence of another possibility. To this end, this work is directed towards grouping theoretical references of what was produced in the field of phenomenological-hermeneutic psychology, with emphasis on the daseinsanalysis of Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. What characterizes this work is to be based on the references of Being and Time and the work of the mentioned psychiatrists, adding to them the late work of Martin Heidegger, presenting a different applicability than the one thought by the author, in that it seeks to make an analogy between Heidegger\'s reflections on the historical mobility of the world and the possibility of historical mobility of the patient in the clinical contex
A Smart M2M Deployment to Control the Agriculture Irrigation
No full text13th International Conference on Ad-hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW 2014 accompanied by 2nd International Workshop on Emerging Technologies for Smart Devices, ETSD 2014, 2nd International Workshop on Marine Sensors and Systems, MARSS 2014, Multimedia Wireless ad hoc Networks, MWaoN 2014, Security in Ad Hoc Networks, SecAN 2014, 2nd Smart Sensor Protocols and Algorithms, SSPA 2014 and 8th International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Actuator and Robot Networks, WiSARN 2014; Benidorm; Spain; 22 June 2014 through 27 June 2014Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become in a very powerful
infrastructure to manage all kind of services. They provide the mechanism to
control a big number of devices distributed around a big geographical space.
The implementation of a sensor network is cheap and fast and it allows us to add
a smart layer over the physical topology. For these reasons, they have begun to
be used in many applications and environments. In this paper, we propose a new
smart M2M system based on wireless sensor network to manage and control
irrigation sprinklers. Humidity and temperature of soil are used to extract
information about soil conditions. The network protocol builds an ad hoc
infrastructure to exchange the information over the whole WSN. The proposed
algorithm uses the meteorological parameters and characteristics of soil to
decide which irrigation sprinklers have to be enabled and when we have to do it.
Using our intelligent system we can reduce irrigation water consumption,
avoiding activation of sprinklers when they are not needed.Reche, A.; Sendra, S.; Díaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J. (2015). A Smart M2M Deployment to Control the Agriculture Irrigation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 8629:139-151. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46338-3_12S1391518629Wanga, W., Zhangb, N., Wangc, M.: Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry - recent development and future perspective. Comput. Electron. Agric. 50(1), 1–14 (2006)Sendra, S., Lloret, J., García, M., Toledo, J.F.: Power saving and energy optimization techniques for wireless sensor networks. J. Commun. 6(6), 439–459 (2011)Alrajeh, N.A., Khan, S., Lloret, J., Loo, J.: Secure routing protocol using cross-layer design and energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. (2013). http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijdsn/2013/374796/ . Last Accessed 18 Mar 2014Mao, Y., Wu, J.: GFG-assisted human tracking using smart phones. Adhoc Sens. Wirel. Netw. 21(3–4), 259–281 (2014)Zhang, L., Zhao, Z., Li, D., Liu, Q., Cui, Li: Wildlife monitoring using heterogeneous wireless communication network. Adhoc Sens. Wirel. Netw. 18(3–4), 159–179 (2013)Hawbani, A., Wang, X.: Zigzag coverage scheme algorithm and analysis for wireless sensor networks. Netw. Protoc. Algorithms 5(4), 19–38 (2013)Karim, L., Anpalagan, A., Nasser, N., Almhana, J.: Sensor-based M2M agriculture monitoring systems for developing countries: state and challenges. Netw. Protoc. Algorithms 5(3), 68–86 (2013)Lloret, J., Bosch, I., Sendra, S., Serrano, A.: A wireless sensor network for vineyard monitoring that uses image processing. Sensors 11(6), 6165–6196 (2011)Ruiz-Garcia, L., Lunadei, L., Barreiro, P., Robla, J.I.: A review of wireless sensor technologies and applications in agriculture and food industry: state of the art and current trends. Sensors 9(6), 4728–4750 (2009)Chen, Z., Lu, C.: Humidity sensors: a review of materials and mechanisms. Sens. Lett. 3(4), 274–295 (2005)Pierce, F.J., Elliott, T.V.: Regional and on-farm wireless sensor networks for agricultural systems in Eastern Washington. Comput. Electron. Agric. 61(1), 32–43 (2008)IEEE Std 802.15.1-2002 – IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements Part 15.1: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Moraisa, R., Fernandes, M.A., Matos, S.G., Serôdio, C., Ferreira, P.J.S.G., Reis, M.J.C.S.: A ZigBee multi-powered wireless acquisition device for remote sensing applications in precision viticulture. Comput. Electron. Agric. 62(2), 94–106 (2008)Yoo, S.E., Kim, J.E., Kim, T., Ahn, S., Sung, J., Kim, D.: A 2S: automated agriculture system based on WSN. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, (ISCE 2007), Dallas, Texas, USA, 20–23 June 2007Kim, Y., Evans, R.G.: Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation. Comput. Electron. Agric. 66(2), 159–165 (2009)Arduino web site. http://www.arduino.cc/es/ . Last Accessed 18 Mar 2014VH400 Soil Moisture Sensor features. http://www.vegetronix.com/Products/VG400/ . Last Accessed 18 Mar 2014THERM200 Soil Temperature Sensor features. http://www.vegetronix.com/Products/THERM200/ . Last Accessed 18 Mar 2014López, A., Soto, F., Suardíaz, J., Sánchez, P., Iborra, A., Vera, J.A.: Wireless sensor networks for precision horticulture in Southern Spain. Comput. Electron. Agric. 68(1), 25–35 (2009
Near-Ground Wireless Coverage Design in Rural Environments
No full text[EN] Due to the broad range of options that wireless systems offer, Wi-Fi products are increasingly being used in agriculture environments to improve farming practices and better control the output of the production. However, the foliage has proven to harm radio-frequency propagation as well as decreasing the coverage area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Therefore, near-ground channel characterization can help in avoiding high antennas and vegetation. Nevertheless, theoretical models tend to fail when forecasting near-ground path losses. This paper aims at determining how the field components such as soil, grass and, trunks affect radio-links in near-ground scenarios. To do this, we measure the Received Signal Strength (RSSI), the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and the Round-Trip Time (RTT) of a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), at different distances, and the results are compared with 3 prediction models: the Free-Space Propagation Model, Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model and, One-Slope Log-Normal Model. The experiment was carried out by collecting experimental data at two different locations, i.e., an orange tree plantation and a field without vegetation, taking measurements every meter. A comprehensive analysis of the influence of rural environments can help to obtain better near-ground WSN performance and coverage in precision agriculture.This work has been partially supported by European
Union through the ERANETMED project ERANETMED3-
227 SMARTWATIR, by the Ministerio de Ciencia,
Innovación y Universidades through the Ayudas para la
adquisición de equipamiento científico-técnico,
Subprograma estatal de infraestructuras de investigación y
equipamiento científico-técnico (plan Estatal I+D+i 2017-
2020) (project EQC2018-004988-P), by the Universidad de
Granada through the "Programa de Proyectos de
Investigación Precompetitivos para Jóvenes Investigadores.
Modalidad A jóvenes Doctores of "Plan Propio de
Investigación y Transferencia 2019" (PPJIA2019.10) and by
the Campus de Excelencia Internacional Global del Mar
(CEI·Mar) through the "Ayudas Proyectos Jóvenes
Investigadores CEI·Mar 2019" (Project CEIJ-020).Botella-Campos, M.; Jimenez, JM.; Sendra, S.; Lloret, J. (2020). Near-Ground Wireless Coverage Design in Rural Environments. IARIA XPS Press. 14-19. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/178039S141
Mecanismes implicats en l'homeòstasi i desintoxicació de metalls en peixos de la Mar Mediterrània
No full textEl medi marí està exposat a canvis físics i químics que principalment són antropogènics. Cal destacar alguns canvis com l'augment de la temperatura de l'aigua i la presència de metalls els quals poden afectar negativament l'estat de salut dels organismes residents. Les particulars característiques del Mar Mediterrani en quant a la elevada densitat de població costanera i reduïda circulació d’aigua, entre altres, fa d’aquesta mar un lloc molt vulnerable front als contaminants. La heterogeneïtat que per la presencia de contaminats en general, i metalls tòxics en particular, representa la proximitat a la costa o la profunditat fa necessari estudiar la contaminació i els seus efectes en cadascú dels nínxols marins . Els animals presenten mecanismes desintoxicants per als metalls, com la unió a metal·lotioneïna (MT) i al seleni (Se). Aleshores, és molt important saber fins a quin grau el peixos del Mar Mediterrani utilitzen aquests mecanismes per a evitar els efectes nocius dels metalls, a més també cal esbrinar quin òrgan contribueix en major mesura a la desintoxicació, o si cada espècie utilitza de forma preferencial un d’aquests mecanismes.
L’objectiu de la present Tesi Doctoral és abordar l’estudi dels mecanismes implicats en el metabolisme i desintoxicació dels metalls en peixos teleostis marins presents en la Mar Mediterrània en distints contextos. Açò dóna lloc a plantejar tres objectius concrets:
a) investigar els mecanismes que permeten als peixos abissals (Alepocephalus rostratus, Bathypterois mediterraneus, Coelorinchus mediterraneus, Lepidion lepidion, Mora moro, Nezumia aequalis, Trachyrhynchus scabrus) que habiten els canons submarins en la Mar Mediterrània, els quals pertanyen a eslavons elevats de la cadena tròfica, tolerar concentracions potencialment tòxiques de metalls en els seus teixits.
b) determinar el contingut de metalls i els mecanismes de protecció presents en el ronyó, a més d’estudiar la possible afectació que presenten els exemplars del gènere Solea (S. solea i S. senegalensis) mostrejats en distintes àrees de la costa Catalana amb la mesura de biomarcadors y
c) Determinar l’efecte de la temperatura d’aclimatació en condicions controlades de laboratori sobre l’acumulació i distribució de metalls en els teixits (fetge i ronyó) de S. senegalensis i sobre els mecanismes implicats en la desintoxicació dels metalls presents en els esmentats teixits. Aquestos objectius han sigut objecte de tres treballs que composen aquesta Tesi doctoral.
Els teixits dels peixos dels estudis de camp varen ser proporcionats pels membres dels equips dels projectes respectius. Els llenguados del estudis de laboratori procedien de les instal·lacions d’aqüicultura de l’empresa Stolt Sea Farm en La Corunya i foren transportats i mantinguts en les Planta de Aquaris del SCSIE de la Universitat de València. Una vegada adaptats a les noves instal·lacions a quatre dels tancs seleccionats es baixà la temperatura (1ºC/dia) fins arribar a 15ºC i uns altres es mantingueren a 20ºC. Després d’un i 60 dies d’aclimatació es sacrificaren els animals. Els teixits (fetge i ronyó) foren immediatament disseccionats, congelats amb nitrogen líquid i conservats a -80ºC. Paràmetres biològics, com el pes total i la mida foren mesurats per a poder obtenir el factor de condició (CF), l’índex hepatosomàtic (HSI) i el coeficient Q10 per al creixement. Totes les manipulacions amb els animals han estat d’acord amb la regulació establerta pel Consell Espanyol d’investigacions Científiques (CSIC) i la Directiva 2010/63/EU. La determinació metàl·lica es realitzà a partir de 0,2 grams de cada tipus de mostra a analitzar (fetge, ronyó, pinso i aigua). Les mostres es digeriren amb àcid nítric al 65% i la determinació de la concentració dels metalls es realitzà mitjançant un equip d’espectrofotometria. Els nivells de metal·lotioneïna als teixits(MT) es determinaren mitjançant el mètode polarogràfic. Les activitats AChE i LDH, aixis com els nivells de peroxidació lipídica i la concentració de proteïnes, foren mesurades espectrofotomètricament. Per a l’anàlisi estadístic de les dades s’ha emprat el test ANOVA d’una o més vies i com anàlisi a posteriori el Test de Bonferroni. L’análisi de correlacions s’ha realitzat amb tècniques paramètriques com la correlació de Pearson, o per tècniques no paramètriques amb la correlació de Spearman. També s’han realitzat anàlisis de components principals (PCA) per esbrinar les regles que establien el agrupament de les dades.
El resultats obtinguts permeten arribar a les següents conclusions:
a) Existeix una elevada diversitat en el contingut metàl·lic total i en el contigunt de cadascun dels metalls analitzats en el fetge de les espècies de peixos abissals capturats al canó de Blanes. Aquestes diferències poden estar determinades pels hàbits alimenticis i per la fisiologia pròpia de cadascuna de les espècies, no haben-se trobat cap patró comú d’acumulació dels metalls entre les espècies que pertanyen a la mateixa familia.
b) Les elevades concentracions de mercuri en el fetge del peixos abissals capturats al canó de Blanes en comparació amb peixos de les mateixes especies capturades a l’Oceà Atlàntic són indicatives d’una elevada contaminació per mercuri dels animals que habiten sistemes abissals en el Mediterrani.
c) El fet que les concentracions de metal·lotioneïna i seleni siguen concomitants a l’abundància de metalls com el mercuri, el cadmi i l’argent en el fetge dels peixos abissals i en el ronyó i en el fetge de S. senegalensis i S. solea indica de un paper important d’aquestes substancies com mecanismes de desintoxicació.
d) La metal·lotioneïna i el seleni es troben en el fetge dels peixos de les fondaries del canó de Blanes en quantitats relatives superiors a la concentració del metalls (ratios superiors a 1) la qual cosa representa una capacitat protectora de reserva front a la toxicitat del metalls.
e) S. senegalensis presenta una intensa incorporació i emmagatzemament de seleni des de la dieta tant en el fetge com en el ronyó, que pot contribuir a la protecció front a la toxicitat de alguns metalls no essencials.
f) La temperatura d’aclimatació modifica la concentració de metalls en el fetge i el ronyo de S. senegalensis. Una temperatura elevada promou l’acumulació de cobalt, crom, coure i ferro en el ronyó respecte del fetge, la qual cosa podia facilitar l’excreció per via urinària.
g) L’aclimatació a la variació de temperatura té una influència moderada sobre les concentracions de metal·lotioneïna al fetge de S. senegalensis.
h) La capacitat d’acumulació de metalls pel ronyó de S. solea i S. senegalensis, a partir de baixos nivells ambientals, donaria suport a la utilitat d’aquest teixit en estudis de contaminació per metalls, en zones on els nivells de contaminants són baixos o moderats.
i) A pesar de les limitacions dels estudis de camp, l’anàlisi dels teixits permet obtenir informació molt valuosa respecte al metabolisme de metalls i els sistemes de desintoxicació.The marine environment is exposed to physical and chemical changes, these ones are mainly anthropogenic. Some changes such as increased water temperature and the presence of metals in water can affect negatively the health of organisms living there. The particular characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of the high population density and the limited coastal water circulation, among others, makes this sea very vulnerable to contaminants. The heterogeneity by the presence of pollutants, in general and toxic metals in particular, for the proximity to the coast and for the depth, it is necessary to study pollution and its effects on each of marine niches. Animals have mechanisms for detoxifying metals such as metal binding metallothionein (MT) and selenium (Se). Consequently, it is very important to know to what extent the Mediterranean Sea fishes use these mechanisms to prevent harmful effects of metals. In addition, it must also investigate what organ contributes more in body detoxification, or whether one of these mechanisms are used preferentially for each species.
The aim of this Thesis is to approach the study of the mechanisms involved in the metabolism and detoxification of metals in marine teleost fish in the Mediterranean Sea in different contexts. This leads to consider three specific objectives:
a) to investigate the mechanisms that allow abyssal fish (Alepocephalus rostratus, Bathypterois mediterraneus, Coelorinchus mediterraneus, Lepidion lepidion, Mora moro, Nezumia aequalis and Trachyrhynchus scabrus)that are inhabiting submarine canyons in the Mediterranean Sea, and which belong to elevated levels in the food chain, if they tolerate concentrations of potentially toxic metals in their tissues.
b) determine the metal content and protection mechanisms present in kidney, and in addition to study the possible effect in organisms of the genus Solea (S. solea and S. senegalensis) sampled in different areas of the Catalan coast with the measurement of biomarkers and
c) to determine temperature acclimation effect of in controlled laboratory conditions on the accumulation and distribution of metals in tissues (liver and kidney) of S. senegalensis and the mechanisms involved in detoxification of metals present in the mentioned tissues. These objectives have been the subject of three works that make up this Thesis.
The tissues of fish from field studies were provided by members of the respective project teams. The soles of laboratory studies came from aquaculture facilities installed in Stolt Sea Farm company La Coruna and were transported and kept in the aquarium plant SCSIE in the University of Valencia. Once adapted to the new facilities, they were introduced in four tanks with decreasing temperature (1 ° C / day) up to 15ºC and four ones were maintained at 20 ° C. After one and 60-day acclimatization and animals were sacrificed. The tissues (liver and kidney) were immediately dissected, frozen with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C. Biological parameters such as total weight and size were measured in order to obtain the condition factor (CF) hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the coefficient Q10 for growth. All manipulations with animals were in accordance with the regulations established by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Directive 2010/63 / EU. Determining metal frame was made from 0.2 grams of each type of sample to be analyzed (liver, kidney, feed and water). The sample was digested with nitric acid at 65% and the determination of the concentration of metals was carried out by spectrophotometry. Metallothinein
levels in tissues (MT) were determined by polarographic method. AChE activity and LDH, as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and protein concentration, were measured with spectrophotometric machanisms. For statistical analysis of the data has been used ANOVA test of one or more tracks and Bonferroni test as a posteriori analysis. The correlation analysis was performed with parametric techniques as Pearson correlation, and with nonparametric techniques by Spearman correlation. Principal components analysis (PCA)were used in order to find out the rules that established the pooling of data.
The results can reach the following conclusions:
a) In the liver of the fish species caught in the abyssal Blanes canyon there was a high diversity in metal content and the total content of each metal analyzed. These differences may be determined by the source of dietary habits and physiology characteristic of each specie, it was not found any common pattern of accumulation of metals between species belonging to the same family.
b) High mercury concentrations in the liver of abyssal fish, who were caught in Blanes canyon, in comparison to the same species of fish caught in the Atlantic Ocean, are indicative of a high mercury contamination of animals that live in the Mediterranean abyssal systems.
c) The fact that the concentrations of metallothionein and selenium were concomitant to the abundance of metals such as mercury, cadmium and silver in the abyssal fish liver and,kidney and liver and in S. senegalensis and S. solea were indicative about the important role of these substances as detoxification mechanisms.
d) Metallothionein and selenium concentrations found in the liver of the fish in Blanes canyon in relative amounts exceeding the concentration of metals (ratios greater than 1) which represents a protective reserve capacity to deal toxicity of metals.
e) S. senegalensis showed an intense incorporation and storage of selenium from the diet in the liver and the kidney, which can help them to protect them front toxicity of non- essential metals.
f) The temperature acclimation modifies metal concentration in the liver and kidney of S. senegalensis. High temperature promoted the accumulation of cobalt, chromium, copper and iron in liver compared to kidney, which could facilitate the excretion via urine.
g) Acclimation temperature variation had a moderate influence on the metal concentrations in liver metallothionein in S. senegalensis.
h) The ability of metal accumulation by kidney in S. solea and S. senegalensis, from low environmental pollutants supports the usefulness of this tissue in studies of metal contamination in areas where pollution levels are low or moderate.
i) Despite the limitations of field studies, analysis of tissue provides valuable information in relation to metal metabolism and detoxification systems
Campodea fragilis Meinert 1865
No full textCampodea fragilis Meinert, 1865 Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3 (3): 427 Neotype (designated herewith). Denmark. Copenhagen, Amager: 1ex. (no date or collector on label), in 70% alcohol (NHMD 214817). Current status: Valid name. Additional notes: It was not possible to identify the material studied by Meinert (1865), and therefore we designate a neotype for this species, using a specimen studied by Arevad (1957). This author mentioned that no types were designated in the original description by Meinert (1865), who gave Copenhagen, Denmark, as the type locality. The establishment of the neotype has the purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status and the type locality of the species.Published as part of Eusébio, Rita, Sendra, Alberto, Enghoff, Henrik & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2018, Catalogue of the type material in the entomological collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark: basal hexapods, pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 4457 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/134199
- …
