1,720,959 research outputs found
Economic evaluation of existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania: a case of Dar Es Salaam and Arusha cities
No full textMSc-ThesisDespite potential contribution livestock marketing has in Tanzania to national economy,
quality beef marketing has received less priority in national investments, research and
export development. This study attempts to bridge the gap by assessing beef marketing
efficiency focusing on Dar es Salaam and Arusha. The general objective of the study was
to evaluate the relative efficiency of existing beef marketing system and explore potential
market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania. Specifically the study aimed to identify
existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef, to describe quality beef
attributes desired by consumers, to examine efficiency of beef marketing system operating
in the two cities and to propose strategic marketing decision for the firms to improve their
competitive position in the market. The study involved cross section data collected using
structured questionnaires and a checklist through which a total of 198 respondents
including consumers, hoteliers, butcheries and super marketers were administered.
Descriptive as well as multiple response analysis techniques were used to handle the data.
Marketing costs and gross margins were calculated. Results show that butchers were the
main source of beef purchase by consumers. Beef marketing was generally profitable, the
level of profits varied across types of beef marketed. Highest marketing margin were
found in supermarkets. The study also found that, there is great potential market for
quality beef in supermarket and hotels particularly tourist hotels and this potential is
spreading to butchers and households as the income increases. As assessed by percentage
of respondents, attributes desired by consumers in Dar es Salaam were freshness (31.4 %),
tenderness (27.5 %) and carcass composition as reflected in amount of fat (27.5 %) while
in Arusha customers were attracted by tenderness (61.5 %), freshness (28.1 %) and safety
of the product (4.2 %). The average marketing efficiency ratios were 0.81 and 0.84 for
butchers in Arusha and Dar es Salaam respectively and 0.63 at Shoprite supermarket level.
Based on the study results it is recommended that measures should be taken to improve
the quality of cattle and thereby the quality of beef sold
Economic evaluation of existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania: a case of Dar Es Salaam and Arusha cities
No full textMSc-ThesisDespite potential contribution livestock marketing has in Tanzania to national economy,
quality beef marketing has received less priority in national investments, research and
export development. This study attempts to bridge the gap by assessing beef marketing
efficiency focusing on Dar es Salaam and Arusha. The general objective of the study was
to evaluate the relative efficiency of existing beef marketing system and explore potential
market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania. Specifically the study aimed to identify
existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef, to describe quality beef
attributes desired by consumers, to examine efficiency of beef marketing system operating
in the two cities and to propose strategic marketing decision for the firms to improve their
competitive position in the market. The study involved cross section data collected using
structured questionnaires and a checklist through which a total of 198 respondents
including consumers, hoteliers, butcheries and super marketers were administered.
Descriptive as well as multiple response analysis techniques were used to handle the data.
Marketing costs and gross margins were calculated. Results show that butchers were the
main source of beef purchase by consumers. Beef marketing was generally profitable, the
level of profits varied across types of beef marketed. Highest marketing margin were
found in supermarkets. The study also found that, there is great potential market for
quality beef in supermarket and hotels particularly tourist hotels and this potential is
spreading to butchers and households as the income increases. As assessed by percentage
of respondents, attributes desired by consumers in Dar es Salaam were freshness (31.4 %),
tenderness (27.5 %) and carcass composition as reflected in amount of fat (27.5 %) while
in Arusha customers were attracted by tenderness (61.5 %), freshness (28.1 %) and safety
of the product (4.2 %). The average marketing efficiency ratios were 0.81 and 0.84 for
butchers in Arusha and Dar es Salaam respectively and 0.63 at Shoprite supermarket level.
Based on the study results it is recommended that measures should be taken to improve
the quality of cattle and thereby the quality of beef sold
Impact of off-farm employment on rural household food and nutrition security: evidence from the southern highland regions of Tanzania
No full textJournal articleDespite the rural off-farm economy becoming increasingly important, the question whether off-
farm income-generating activities increase household food and nutritional security in Tanzania
remains unanswered. The current study explores the issue of off-farm employment by addressing
two objectives: (i) to examine the drivers of households’ decision to participate in off-farm
employment in a high-potential agricultural zone in Tanzania and (ii) to evaluate the impact of off-
farm activities on rural households’ food security and nutritional security. We use household survey
data from the southern highland districts of Mbeya and Songwe regions collected in 2014 and 2016.
We employ difference-in-difference and propensity score matching techniques to evaluate the
impact of participation in off-farm employment on household food security using three indicators
with different recall periods. Results show that more adults per household and a larger farm size
stimulated involvement in off-farm activities, while farming experience and livestock ownership
had a limiting effect. Participation has a significant impact on food security, but the strength of the
effect depends on the specific indicator selected. We recommend that the development of policies
and programs that pay more attention to off-farm work can boost rural household income and thus
promote food security and nutritional security
Impact of off-farm employment on rural household food and nutrition security: evidence from the southern highland regions of Tanzania
No full textJournal articleDespite the rural off-farm economy becoming increasingly important, the question whether off-
farm income-generating activities increase household food and nutritional security in Tanzania
remains unanswered. The current study explores the issue of off-farm employment by addressing
two objectives: (i) to examine the drivers of households’ decision to participate in off-farm
employment in a high-potential agricultural zone in Tanzania and (ii) to evaluate the impact of off-
farm activities on rural households’ food security and nutritional security. We use household survey
data from the southern highland districts of Mbeya and Songwe regions collected in 2014 and 2016.
We employ difference-in-difference and propensity score matching techniques to evaluate the
impact of participation in off-farm employment on household food security using three indicators
with different recall periods. Results show that more adults per household and a larger farm size
stimulated involvement in off-farm activities, while farming experience and livestock ownership
had a limiting effect. Participation has a significant impact on food security, but the strength of the
effect depends on the specific indicator selected. We recommend that the development of policies
and programs that pay more attention to off-farm work can boost rural household income and thus
promote food security and nutritional security
Estimating heterogeneous effects of land titling on rural household’s agricultural productivity: evidence from the southern highland regions of Tanzania
No full textJournal articleThis paper analyses the effect of land titles on agricultural productivity in the southern highland regions of
Mbeya and Ruvuma and assesses the potential mediating effect of access to credit. The contribution of this paper
to the existing literature is threefold. First, it contributes to the general literature on the impact of land titling on
agricultural performance. Second, it investigates whether access to credit is an important mediating variable.
Third, it assessed whether households respond differently depending on farmer and land characteristics. To
contribute to the evidence on the impact of land titling four hypotheses were tested: Since the study is based on
observational data, propensity score matching technique was employ to determine the land titling effects. The
findings suggest that land titles have a statistically significant positive effect on productivity. This can at least
partially be explained by an increase in credit access for titled households. The study results further suggest
heterogeneous effects of titles, which vary with age of the head of household and size of land cultivated
Economic evaluation of existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania: a case of Dar Es Salaam and Arusha cities
No full textMSc-ThesisDespite potential contribution livestock marketing has in Tanzania to national economy,
quality beef marketing has received less priority in national investments, research and
export development. This study attempts to bridge the gap by assessing beef marketing
efficiency focusing on Dar es Salaam and Arusha. The general objective of the study was
to evaluate the relative efficiency of existing beef marketing system and explore potential
market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania. Specifically the study aimed to identify
existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef, to describe quality beef
attributes desired by consumers, to examine efficiency of beef marketing system operating
in the two cities and to propose strategic marketing decision for the firms to improve their
competitive position in the market. The study involved cross section data collected using
structured questionnaires and a checklist through which a total of 198 respondents
including consumers, hoteliers, butcheries and super marketers were administered.
Descriptive as well as multiple response analysis techniques were used to handle the data.
Marketing costs and gross margins were calculated. Results show that butchers were the
main source of beef purchase by consumers. Beef marketing was generally profitable, the
level of profits varied across types of beef marketed. Highest marketing margin were
found in supermarkets. The study also found that, there is great potential market for
quality beef in supermarket and hotels particularly tourist hotels and this potential is
spreading to butchers and households as the income increases. As assessed by percentage
of respondents, attributes desired by consumers in Dar es Salaam were freshness (31.4 %),
tenderness (27.5 %) and carcass composition as reflected in amount of fat (27.5 %) while
in Arusha customers were attracted by tenderness (61.5 %), freshness (28.1 %) and safety
of the product (4.2 %). The average marketing efficiency ratios were 0.81 and 0.84 for
butchers in Arusha and Dar es Salaam respectively and 0.63 at Shoprite supermarket level.
Based on the study results it is recommended that measures should be taken to improve
the quality of cattle and thereby the quality of beef sold
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
