1,721,016 research outputs found
Neural correlates of inference-driven attention in perceptual and symbolic tasks: An event-related potential study
No full textThe inferential system anticipates the external environment by building up internal representations of
its regularities. To that purpose, two sources of information are especially important and attract attentional
resources: expected and unexpected events, which are useful for checking the accuracy of internal
representations. In the present study, we investigated the behavioural properties and the neural mechanisms
underlying the strategic allocation of attention triggered by those events. To that end, eventrelated
potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the performance of two tasks requiring detection of
predictable and unpredictable response events embedded in a visuospatial or numeric sequence. The
behavioural results in the two tasks mirror each other, suggesting the recruitment of similar attentional
allocation processes between the two domains. The ERPs showed partially similar effects. In both
tasks, a P3a-like component signalled the capture of attention by events clashing with previous expectations,
whilst a P3b-like component marked the focusing of attention on predicted events and its
redistribution among all possible response events occurring after the detection of an unexpected even
Neural correlates of inference-driven attention in perceptual and symbolic tasks: An event-related potential study
No full textThe inferential system anticipates the external environment by building up internal representations of its regularities. To that purpose, two sources of information are especially important and attract attentional resources: expected and unexpected events, which are useful for checking the accuracy of internal representations. In the present study, we investigated the behavioural properties and the neural mechanisms underlying the strategic allocation of attention triggered by those events. To that end, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the performance of two tasks requiring detection of predictable and unpredictable response events embedded in a visuospatial or numeric sequence. The behavioural results in the two tasks mirror each other, suggesting the recruitment of similar attentional allocation processes between the two domains. The ERPs showed partially similar effects. In both tasks, a P3a-like component signalled the capture of attention by events clashing with previous expectations, whilst a P3b-like component marked the focusing of attention on predicted events and its redistribution among all possible response events occurring after the detection of an unexpected event
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Crescere insieme
No full textIn questo capitolo si racconta il percorso di crescita nella consapevolezza dell’importanza della didattica e la strutturazione di un approccio student-centered e research-based in un dipartimento di medio-piccole dimensioni. In particolare, si raccontano le fasi salienti del percorso: a partire dall’esperienza personale del change agent che lo ha iniziato, dalla creazione di un piccolo gruppo di persone interessate a sperimentare nuove tematiche della didattica fino alla strutturazione di un gruppo di lavoro e all’istituzionalizzazione di questo approccio all’interno delle dinamiche del dipartimento
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Does perceiving a letter of the alphabet cause spatial shifts of attention?
No full textThe association between numbers and space has been widely investigated and there is mounting evidence that perception of numbers involves a spatial component. It has been demonstrated that there is an association between number magnitude and response preference with faster left-hand responses for small numbers and faster right-hand responses for large numbers (SNARC effect for Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes), suggesting the existence of a “Mental Number Line”.
Involuntary shifts of attention to the left or right visual field have been shown to occur when stimuli with a strong meaning (e.g. numbers, direction arrows, etc) abruptly appear in the visual field, even when the observers know that these stimuli are irrelevant to the task and must be ignored. Since numbers convey not only magnitude but also order, the question of whether non-numerical ordinal information is also spatially coded follows. Although initially the SNARC effect was found exclusively with numbers as stimuli further studies showed that non-numerical information such as letters of the alphabet, months of the year, days of the week, etc. is also spatially coded. Based on these findings in the present study we investigated whether perceiving letters of the alphabet can induce such a shift of attention to the left or right visual field. 23 subjects did a detection task in which they had to fixate a central white cross on a black screen, followed by either one of the two letters A or Z (the first and the last letters of the Italian alphabet) or a neutral cue (a diamond) presented for one of the durations (500 ms, 800 ms or 1000 ms) randomly. After the letter disappeared, the target, a small white square, appeared on the left or the right of the fixation point. In 20% of the trials a white circle appeared instead of the square, as catch trials. Participants were to press the space bar as soon as they detected the target (a white square). The results showed that there were significant shifts of attention after perceiving Z but not A, and these shifts were generated only for the trials where the letter was presented the longest (1000ms). This suggests that the spatial component of letters might not be as strong as those of the numbers, and it probably takes longer for letter perception to induce shifts of attention
- …
