291,201 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Expression regulation of MAO isoforms in monocytic cells in response to Th2 cytokines
No full textBackground: Th2-cytokines, such as interleukins-4 and –13 (IL-4, IL-13), have been identified as alternative stimuli of monocytes/macrophages. We have recently profiled the gene-expression pattern of IL-4-teated human peripheral monocytes and found that 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX1) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) are among the five most strongly upregulated gene products in IL-4-treated cells. Transfection of monocytic cells (U937) with 15-LOX1 also induced MAO-A expression. These data suggested that 15-LOX1 products might play a role in the IL4-induced signaling cascade leading to expression of MAO-A in human monocytes. Material/Methods: To test this hypothesis we incubated wild-type and 15-LOX1-transfected U937 cells with different concentrations of either IL-4 or 15-LOX-products [13S-H(p)ODE, 15S-H(p)ETE] and quantified the expression of 15-LOX1, MAO-A, and MAO-B by activity assays and real-time RT-PCR. Results: Wild-type U937 cells express neither MAO-A nor MAO-B, but after three days of IL4 treatment, MAO-A mRNA was detected. A similar isoform-specific expression of MAO-A mRNA was observed when U937 cells were transfected with 15-LOX1 or when the cells were incubated with primary 15-LOX1 products (hydroperoxy fatty acids) or H2O2. In contrast, the corresponding hydroxy fatty acids were ineffective. Conclusions: These data indicate that increased intracellular peroxide concentrations (oxidative stress) induce MAO-A expression in monocytes/macrophages, which normally do not express the enzyme. Our findings also suggest that IL-4-induced upregulation of MAO-A expression in human peripheral monocytes may proceed via 15-LOX1-dependent and 15-LOX1-independent pathways. The biological role of MAO-A expression for monocyte function is discussed
The portrayal of women in Mao Dun's early fiction 1927-1932
Full text linkIt is the prevailing critical assessment of Mao Dun's early creative writing that he displays a singular insight in his portrayal of women. This thesis seeks not only to challenge this assessment by a predominantly male body of criticism but also the assumptions on which it is based, namely that an intellectual sympathy for the women’s cause necessarily implies a transcendence of the patriarchal attitudes with which society is imbued. The major short stories and novellas written between 1927 and 1932 are analysed systematically to identify Mao Dun's underlying attitudes towards women. His portrayal of women is assessed from the following perspectives:~ his autobiographical accounts of his encounters with women in his political and personal life and his deliberate association of his female comrades with his creative inspiration;- traditional Chinese perceptions of women and gender roles as these are manifested in the classical tradition;-- Mao Dun's numerous articles and essays on the women's question written during the nineteen twenties and his work in the women's section of the Party in Shanghai;- Mao Dun's attempt to reconcile his conflicting sympathies for feminism and socialism. This thesis relies for its methodology on Western feminist criticism. While the approach is maintained, in its application to the context of early twentieth century China, its eurocentrism in terms of cultural assumptions and perceptions of gender has been replaced by a definition of Chinese values. Since a fundamental prerequisite, of feminist criticism is the assessment of the writer in his/her own cultural context, a historical survey of the portrayal of women in traditional literature is provided to serve as a standard against which to measure Mao Dun’s portrayal
Development of Novel Fluorine-18 Labeled PET Radioligands for Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B)
Full text linkMonoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are important enzymes regulating the levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Selective and irreversible MAO-B inhibitors such as L-deprenyl and rasagiline are clinically used for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique which has been utilized to visualize the localization of MAO-B in monkey and human brain and thereby has potential for studying neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. This thesis deals with the synthesis and evaluation of novel fluorine-18 labeled PET radioligands for detection of MAO-B activity.
The present thesis demonstrates that nine fluorinated propargyl amines were synthesized and tested for inhibition of MAO-B. In order to label those compounds with fluorine-18 seven chloro-precursors and two sulphamidate-precursors were also synthesized by multi step organic synthesis. Radiolabeling of six chloro-precursors with fluorine-18 was accomplished by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction. Radiolabeling of two sulphamidate-precursors with fluorine-18 was performed in two steps, compromising a nucleophilic substitution followed by the removal of the protecting group. The incorporation yield of the fluorination reactions varied from 40- 70%. The radiochemical purity was >99% and the specific radioactivities were in a range of 190-240 GBq/μmol at the time of administration.
In vitro MAO inhibition and/or autoradiography (ARG) experiments demonstrated a high selectivity for MAO-B over MAO-A for five of the compounds namely [18F]fluorodeprenyl, [18F]fluororasagiline, [18F]fluoro-N,4-dimethyl-N-(prop-2-ynyl) pentan-2-amine, [18F]fluorodeprenyl-D2 and [18F]fluororasagiline-D2. All five compounds were examined by PET and showed a high initial brain uptake in known MAO-B rich regions in cynomolgus monkey. [18F]Fluorodeprenyl showed a kinetic behavior similar to [11C]deprenyl where its fast irreversible binding to the enzyme renders the distribution of this radioligand in tissue limited by blood flow rather than the MAO-B enzyme concentration. [18F]Fluororasagiline and [18F]fluoro-N,4-dimethyl-N-(prop-2-ynyl)pentan-2-amine showed continuous increase of the radioactivity throughout the PET measurement that might be an indication of a blood-brain barrier penetrating radiometabolite which might in turn complicate a reliable quantification. Only [18F]fluorodeprenyl-D2 and [18F]fluororasagiline-D2 showed fast wash-out from the brain and less accumulation in cortical and sub-cortical regions. Radiometabolite studies demonstrated that both deuterated analogues were more stable measured in monkey plasma when compared to the non-deuterated analogues.
These results together suggest that both [18F]fluorodeprenyl-D2 and [18F]fluororasagiline-D2 may be improved PET radioligands and potential molecular imaging biomarker candidates for PET studies in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, accompanied with astrocyte activation
Kohnen’s formula and a conjecture of Darmon and Tornaría
Full text linkWe generalize a result of W. Kohnen (1985) to explicit Waldspurger lifts constructed by E. M. Baruch and Z. Mao (2007). As an application, we prove a conjecture formulated by H. Darmon and G. Tornaría (2008)
Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in alcoholics with and without a family history of alcoholism
Full text linkA number of studies point at platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity being reduced in alcoholics with a family history of drinking, this being a possible vulnerability marker for alcoholism. To test this hypothesis, we examined a group of recently detoxified alcoholics with high (n = 25) and low genetic loading for alcoholism (n = 28) and a group of healthy controls (n = 21). Clinical assessments were made using the SCID II interview for psychiatric disorders, the Family History Assessment Module and the Semi-Structural Assessment of Genetics in Alcoholism, a questionnaire especially designed for genetic studies. Platelet MAO activity with and without ethanol stimulation and the percentage of MAO activity with ethanol did not differ between groups. The only significant difference was a lower inhibition of MAO activity with ethanol in alcoholics both with and without a family history compared to controls. In patients with antisocial personality traits, platelet MAO activity was also not found to be different from other alcoholics. Our findings question the hypothesis of reduced platelet MAO activity to be a possible vulnerability marker for alcoholism. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG. Basel
H. Bauchau, Mao Zedong
No full textÉtienne Gilbert. H. Bauchau, Mao Zedong. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 23, n°91, 1982. p. 699
Caryanda eshana Mao 2015
No full textCaryanda eshana Mao, 2015 (Fig. 2: A–J) Chinese common name: ẂƜẃffñ Caryanda eshana Mao, 2015: Mao, Niu, Zheng & Scott, 2015: 569–571. Type material examined. Holotype: male, CHINA: Eshan County, Yunnan Province, 24°11′N, 102°23′E, 1688 m, 28 Jul. 2009, coll. Jishan Xu and Jianxiong Zhang. Paratypes: 3 males, 1 female, same data as holotype. Distribution. China: Yunnan.Published as part of Yin, Zhi-Long & Mao, Ben-Yong, 2023, A review of Caryanda viridis- species group (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with a new species, pp. 505-519 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/783575
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyridazinones Containing the (2-Fluorophenyl) Piperazine Moiety as Selective MAO-B Inhibitors
Full text linkTwelve pyridazinones (T1-T12) containing the (2-fluorophenyl) piperazine moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) -A and -B inhibitory activities. T6 was found to be the most potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.013 μM, followed by T3 (IC50 = 0.039 μM). Inhibitory potency for MAO-B was more enhanced by meta bromo substitution (T6) than by para bromo substitution (T7). For para substitution, inhibitory potencies for MAO-B were as follows: -Cl (T3) > -N(CH3)2 (T12) > -OCH3 (T9) > Br (T7) > F (T5) > -CH3 (T11) > -H (T1). T6 and T3 efficiently inhibited MAO-A with IC50 values of 1.57 and 4.19 μM and had the highest selectivity indices (SIs) for MAO-B (120.8 and 107.4, respectively). T3 and T6 were found to be reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.014 and 0.0071, respectively. Moreover, T6 was less toxic to healthy fibroblast cells (L929) than T3. Molecular docking simulations with MAO binding sites returned higher docking scores for T6 and T3 with MAO-B than with MAO-A. These results suggest that T3 and T6 are selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B and should be considered lead candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease
Caryanda albomaculata Mao, Ren & Ou 2007
No full textCaryanda albomaculata Mao, Ren & Ou, 2007 (Fig. 6: A–K, Fig. 8: F) Chinese common name: Þfflẃffñ Caryanda albomaculata Mao, Ren & Ou, 2007: 55–62; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2011: 74; Mao, Niu, Zheng & Scott. 2015: 574. Type material examined. Holotype: male, CHINA: Puer County, Yunnan Province, 22°34′N, 101°11′E, 1700 m, 28 Jul. 2007, coll. Benyong Mao. Paratypes: 11 males, 14 females, data same as holotype; 1 male, 1 female, CHINA: Menglian County, Yunnan Province, 13 Jul. 2009, 1470 m, coll. Jianxiong Zhang and Jishan Xu. Distribution. China: Yunnan.Published as part of Yin, Zhi-Long & Mao, Ben-Yong, 2023, A review of Caryanda viridis- species group (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with a new species, pp. 505-519 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on page 513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/783575
Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang 2003
No full text<i>Caryanda dehongensis</i> Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003 <p>(Fig. 5: A–J)</p> <p> Chinese common name: <b>DZAEẃffñ</b></p> <p> <i>Caryanda dehongensis</i> Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003:172–174; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2006: 826–827; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2007: 58; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2011: 74; Mao, Niu, Zheng & Scott, 2015: 571–573.</p> <p> <i>Caryanda yini</i> Mao & Ren, 2006: 826–831.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> Holotype: male, CHINA: Mangdong, Lianghe County, Yunnan Province, 1 Oct. 2002, 24°42′N, 98°12′E, coll. Yanzhen Li. Paratypes: 2 males and 4 females, data same as holotype, all specimens are deposited in BMDU.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined.</b> One female, CHINA: Lianghe County, Yunnan Province, 24°47′N, 98°06′E, 1206 m, 27 Jul. 2010, coll. Xueliang Shi. Fifteen males and 5 females, CHINA: Xinzhai, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°36′N, 98°38′E, 1548 m, 26 Jul. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. One male, CHINA: Banglazhang, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°39′N, 98°39′E, 1400 m, 25 Jul. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. Twenty-five males and 4 females, CHINA: Xiaoheishan, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°31′N, 98°51′E, 1883 m, 2 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang. Eight males and 7 females, CHINA: Mt. Gaoligong, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, 24°51′N, 98°43′E, 20 Sep. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. Seventeen males and 6 females, CHINA: Ruili County, Yunnan Province, 24°04′N, 97°49′E, 1142 m, 1 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang. Fourteen males and 14 females, CHINA: Nanjingli, Ruili County, Yunnan Province, 24°06′N, 97°50′E, 1394 m, 2 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China: Yunnan.</p>Published as part of <i>Yin, Zhi-Long & Mao, Ben-Yong, 2023, A review of Caryanda viridis- species group (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with a new species, pp. 505-519 in Zootaxa 5263 (4)</i> on pages 508-513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7835752">http://zenodo.org/record/7835752</a>
- …
