402 research outputs found
Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Penghasil Asam Indol Asetat dan Pengaruhnya dalam Mengendalikan Virus Gemini pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L.)
No full textProduction of red chilli in Indonesia decreased because of gemini virus disease. The disease is transmitted by Bemisia tabacias insect vector. One of possibility methods is to improve plant resistancecan be supported byendhopytic bacteria or Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can produce IAA (Indole Asetic Acid) hormone. IAA hormone can serves as a growth promoter and plant resistance. The aims of this research are to test the effect of 50 isolates endhopytic bacteria producing hormones in the IAA and analyze the effect on growth of chilli plants that Gemini virus. The experimental design was factorial randomize complete block design which three AIA treatment and two variety of chilli treatments as factors. These treatments were replicated in five blocks. The results showed that infection by Gemini virus could reduce and increase plant growth
Ifa Fuyū’s Search for Okinawan-Japanese Identity
No full textThis paper focuses on the crucial role played by Ifa Fuyū, the “father of Okinawan studies,” in articulating ideas related to Okinawan-Japanese identity. Starting with a brief overview of Ifa’s life and work, especially his pioneering work in Ryukyuan linguistics, the author observes how Ifa’s progressive and reformist perspective shapes his discourse on religion, language, and history. The author then moves into analyzing a recently discovered wartime article that Ifa wrote in 1945, when he learned in Tokyo that the battle of Okinawa broke out between Japan and the U.S. Ifa’s controversial article shows how a strong sense of nationalistic identity was imposed upon Okinawans, on the one hand, while also revealing Ifa’s intention to fight prejudice toward Okinawans, on the other. This leads to the broader context of Japan’s emergence as a “nation state.” Problematizing the question of identity, the author argues that alternative histories of Japan should be taken into account for its proper understanding. Comparing Ifa’s view with historian Amino Yoshihiko’s thesis on Japan and modernization, the author envisions how identity can be seen as a growing network of plural identities rather than an abstractly imagined monolithic identity
Produksi dan Evaluasi Antibodi Poliklonal untuk Deteksi Toksin Photorhabdus spp.
Get PDF<p>Production and Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody for<br />Detection of Photorhabdus spp. Toxin. Yadi Suryadi, Ifa<br />Manzila, Alina Akhdiya, and Etty Pratiwi. The research<br />was aimed to produce and evaluate polyclonal antibody<br />(PAb) for specific Photorhabdus spp. bacterial toxin detection.<br />Photorhabdus spp. toxin of HJ isolates which was purified<br />using Hi Prep. 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatography<br />revealed three different peaks of polypeptides.<br />The results showed that the protein concentration of crude<br />antigen protein (supernatant) was 3,711 μg/μl, whilst fraction<br />of protein was 1,95 x 10-2 μg/μl, respectively. The bioassay<br />using Tenebrio molitor larvae-3 indicated that after 48 h<br />application, the percentage of larvae mortality by crude antigen<br />was lower (73%) than by fraction antigen (93%). Based<br />upon NCM-ELISA test, PAb of fraction protein derived from<br />HJ isolate reacted with Photorhabdus spp. antigen yielded<br />stronger or darker violet color on membrane than that of<br />crude protein. In addition, it was observed that PAb could<br />differentiate specifically Photorhabdus spp. toxin with other<br />bacterial filtrate such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X.<br />campestris pv glycinea, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas<br />syringae pv glycinea and P. fluorescens, however it<br />showed cross reaction with Escherichia coli. Further tests<br />are needed in optimizing PAb-Photorhabdus spp. sensitivity<br />to achieve effective concentration for detection of Photorhabdus<br />spp. toxin as well as specificity test against other<br />bacterial antigens.</p></jats:p
Chilli Veinal Mottle Potyvirus (ChiVMV) the causal agent of mottle diseases on Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): isolates diversity and its control strategy through induction of somaclonal variation.
Get PDFChilli veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) is one of important viruses infecting chilli pepper plant. It was reported that ChiVMV infection may cause 50% to 100% yield losses. The virus has a very wide host range and strain diversity. The aim of this research are to characterize biological variation of ChiVMV and to obtain plant resistance source via somaclonal variation through induced mutation. Six isolates of ChiVMV was collected from different geographical region of chilli pepper production area. Based on their infection on 10 genotypes of chilli pepper, it was indicated that they have differences in virulence level and symptom type. Isolate collected from Cikabayan, Bogor, Jawa Barat (ChiVMV CKB) was able to infect all 10 genotypes with severe symptoms showing mottle, vein banding, leaf cramping and malformation. Analysis of coat protein gene indicated that ChiVMV isolates collected in this study can be differentiated into 3 groups although they have close relationship with other strains of ChiVMV published earlier in GeneBank. However, further analysis of amino acid revealed that ChiVMV CKB has different motif of octapeptide compared to other strains. The most virulent strain, ChiVMV CKB, was used for evaluation of somaclonal plants produced by in vitro propagation combined with induced mutation using EMS. Twenty somaclonal plants showed resistant response to ChiVMV infection and potential to be used as genetic resources to develop resistant plant.Chilli veinal mottle potyvirus adalah salah satu virus utama yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Walaupun keberadaannya di Indonesia tergolong baru, namun penyebarannya dapat ditemukan hampir disetiap pertanaman cabai. Infeksi ChiVMV dapat mengakibatkan penurunan hasil 50% hingga 100%. Untuk mengatasi terjadinya ledakan penyakit, menggunakan varietas yang tahan terhadap virus merupakan salah satu alternatif. Namun sampai saat ini belum diperoleh varietas cabai tahan ChiVMV. Bila sumber gen ketahanan terhadap virus masih terbatas, maka salah satu upaya peningkatan sumber gen ketahanan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui induksi keragaman somaklonal yang dikombinasi dengan induksi mutasi
Respons Galur Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Mutasi EMS terhadap Infeksi Pepper yellow leaf curl virus.
No full textDaun keriting kuning cabai merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada
tanaman cabai di Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh Pepper yellow leaf curl
virus (PYLCV), anggota genus Begomovirus. Kutukebul, Bemisia tabaci dikenal
sebagai serangga vektor yang berperan penting dalam penularan penyakit.
Mengurangi penyebaran penyakit dengan mengendalikan serangga vektor tidak
terlalu efektif. Penggunaan varietas tahan dianjurkan, meskipun sumber ketahanan
belum tersedia secara komersial. Induksi mutasi menggunakan ethyl methane
sulfonate (EMS) pada beberapa genotipe cabai telah dikembangkan pada
penelitian sebelumnya. Respons genotipe cabai tersebut terhadap infeksi PYLCV
perlu dievaluasi. Evaluasi genotipe dilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan
rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah
genotipe cabai (galur mutan G, H, I, var Gelora dan Pelita 8), sedangkan faktor
kedua adalah inokulasi virus (inokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi virus). Inokulasi virus
dilakukan menggunakan serangga vektor dan infeksi virus dikonfirmasi
menggunakan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Setelah inokulasi virus, gejala
yang paling umum terjadi adalah daun bercak kuning, mengeriting, dan cupping.
Periode inkubasi bervariasi di antara genotipe cabai, yaitu berkisar 1 sampai 3
minggu setelah inokulasi. Penilaian pada gejala penyakit menunjukkan bahwa
galur mutan H dan var Pelita 8 menunjukkan insidensi tertinggi dan keparahan
penyakit paling parah. Infeksi PYLCV juga menyebabkan terhambatnya
pertumbuhan tanaman dan periode pembungaan. Respons genotipe yang diuji
dapat dibedakan menjadi agak rentan (galur G, I dan var Gelora), rentan (galur H),
dan sangat rentan (var Pelita 8)
Saudi Arabia: at a glance
Get PDFSaudi Arabia’s “Vision 2030”, introduced in 2016, reinterprets the country’s role in ECP and sees a stronger investment in arts and culture. New programs and institutions created in the context of the Vision 2030 join the country’s strongly education-focused ECP strategy, which already includes several schools abroad and large scholarship programs. However, Saudi Arabia has also encountered distrust abroad, particularly because of the country’s human rights record and recent scandals attributed to its Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the country’s de facto leader
Induksi Kalus serta Regenerasi Tunas dan Akar Cabai melalui Kultur In Vitro
No full text<p>Callus Induction and Regeneration of Shoot and Root of<br />Chill through In Vitro Culture. Ifa Manzila, Sri H.<br />Hidayat, Ika Mariska, and Sriani Sujiprihati. In vitro<br />culture is one way for a fast and effective plant propagation.<br />This method is also useful for preliminary selection of plant<br />resistance to disease, including the chili. In vitro propagation<br />method for chili has not been widely reported. A study was<br />conducted to obtain effective techniques for callus induction<br />and regeneration into shoots on three red chili cultivars (cv)<br />Gelora, Sudra, and Chili 109. The study consisted of four<br />activities, namely the induction of callus formation,<br />induction of embryogenic callus, callus regeneration into<br />adventitious shoots, and root induction from the adventitious<br />shoots. Murashige Skoog (MS) medium + 0.6% agar + 3%<br />sucrose were used as basal medium, 20 ml/bottle. Young<br />leaves, hypocotyls and root tips of 21-day-old chili seedlings<br />were used as sources of explants. Each experiment was<br />arranged in a completely randomized design with 10<br />replications, one culture bottle for each treatment. The<br />callus induction experiments using the explants of young<br />leaf explants, hypocotyl, and root tips were done separately.<br />Each treatment consisted of explants from the three chili<br />cultivars on MS medium containing three composition of<br />growth regulators (PGR) BAP + NAA, 10 explants/bottle. The<br />embryogenic callus induction was conducted by growing<br />the callus in bottles containing a medium that contains three<br />compositions PGR 2,4-D + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l. Induction of<br />shoot formation was done by growing the embryogenic<br />callus on medium containing three composition of plant<br />growth regulator BAP + NAA. Induction of root formation<br />was performed by growing adventitious shoots on ½ MS and<br />1 MS medium + NAA 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l. The results showed that<br />young leaves are the best explant source for callus and<br />shoot formations in chili through tissue culture compared<br />with the hypocotyl and the tip. Gelora is the most responsive<br />chili cultivar to callus, shoots, and roots formation of in their<br />respective medium, compared to Sudra and Chile 109. MS<br />medium containing BAP 3-7 mg/ml and NAA 1 mg/ml can be<br />used to induce the growth of callus from young leaf<br />explants, hypocotyl and seedling root tip chili cv Gelora,<br />Sudra, and Chile 109, but its growth was very slow and did<br />not produce embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus<br />formation can be induced by both non-embryogenic callus<br />Hak Cipta © 2010, BB-Biogen<br />growing the callus on MS medium containing 2,4-D 3 mg/l +<br />thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l. Formation of callus that can regenerate<br />into shoots should use an MS medium containing 2,4-D 3<br />mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l followed by subculture on MS<br />medium + BAP 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l to induce<br />shoot elongation. Medium ½ MS and 1 MS containing NAA<br />0.5-1.0 mg/l can be used to induce root formations on shoot<br />culture of chili cv Gelora but not for cv Chili 109.</p></jats:p
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