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The effects of irrigation methods, calcium levels and other nutrients on soft rot (pectobacterium carotovora subspecies brasiliensis) infection of potato (solanum tuberosum l.)
No full textTwo main experiments were carried out to study the effects of irrigation methods, calcium
levels and other nutrients on soft rot infection of potato. The first experiment was an outdoor
pot experiment, conducted in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August –
December). The objective was to explore the potential for controlling tuber soft rot using
calcium fertilization in combination with other nutrients: potassium, nitrogen, magnesium
and phosphorus. In addition plant growth parameters were measured. The experiment was
laid out as a 9 x 3 factorial design in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Calcium was applied at 0, 8.11 and 16.22 g/ pockect calcium nitrate (15.5 % N, 19.9 % Ca)
while other nutrients were magnesium sulphate (9.1 % Mg) at 1.2 and 2.7 g/ pocket,
ammonium nitrate (34.5 % N) at 4.05 and 6.76 g/ pocket, single superphosphate (19.3 %
P2O5) at 20.27 and 27.03 g/ pocket, potassium sulphate (50 % K2O) at 6.08 and 6.76 g/
pocket, and a nil control.
The fertilizer treatment combinations did not exhibit significant difference in both the number
of tubers harvested per plant and the yield in both 2012 and 2013. However, in 2012 only
calcium nitrate fertilizer resulted in significant differences in the number of tubers per plant,
with the application of 8.11 g/ pocket and 16.22 g/ pocket increasing the number of tubers.
Harvested tubers were also analysed for tissue calcium concentration and they were not
significantly affected by the fertilizer combinations. Red clay loam soils used in this
experiment could have decreased the leaching of calcium nitrate to the subsurface where
tubers were formed. Maceration tests were carried out on harvested tubers by inoculating
with Pectobacteriumcarotovora subspecies brasiliensis. The rotting zone diameter was
measured after 24 and 48 hours. However, there were no significant differences in the rotting
zone diameter in all treatments.
The second experiment was a field study conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation
methods and plant nutrition on the growth of potato and on the susceptibility of tubers to
potato soft rot, carried out in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August – December)
at the University of Zimbabwe, Crop Science field experiment blocks. The experiment was
set up under overhead and drip irrigation using a RCBD, with seven blocks and five calcium
nitrate fertilizer rates of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 kg / ha. All treatments received an equal
amount of nitrogen.
Tuber calcium analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the tuber
calcium content in tubers harvested from both drip and overhead irrigation in both years.
Testing for the susceptibility of tubers to soft rot was carried out using maceration tests.
Tubers harvested from drip irrigation in 2012 did not show any significant differences in the
rotting zone diameter at both 24 and 48 hours after maceration. No rotting was observed in
2013. Tubers harvested from the overhead irrigated field did not show any signs of rotting,
both in 2012 and 2013. Calcium fertilization did not influence yield or tuber size distribution,
perhaps because of high inherent calcium already in the plots used and in irrigation water.
This work, therefore failed to show that loss from soft rot could be reduced by tuber calcium
perhaps because the calcium supplied from irrigation water was above the threshold level for
such protection from infection.The Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) and
The Beit Trust (Zimbabwe
The effects of irrigation methods, calcium levels and other nutrients on soft rot (pectobacterium carotovora subspecies brasiliensis) infection of potato (solanum tuberosum l.)
No full textTwo main experiments were carried out to study the effects of irrigation methods, calcium
levels and other nutrients on soft rot infection of potato. The first experiment was an outdoor
pot experiment, conducted in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August –
December). The objective was to explore the potential for controlling tuber soft rot using
calcium fertilization in combination with other nutrients: potassium, nitrogen, magnesium
and phosphorus. In addition plant growth parameters were measured. The experiment was
laid out as a 9 x 3 factorial design in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Calcium was applied at 0, 8.11 and 16.22 g/ pockect calcium nitrate (15.5 % N, 19.9 % Ca)
while other nutrients were magnesium sulphate (9.1 % Mg) at 1.2 and 2.7 g/ pocket,
ammonium nitrate (34.5 % N) at 4.05 and 6.76 g/ pocket, single superphosphate (19.3 %
P2O5) at 20.27 and 27.03 g/ pocket, potassium sulphate (50 % K2O) at 6.08 and 6.76 g/
pocket, and a nil control.
The fertilizer treatment combinations did not exhibit significant difference in both the number
of tubers harvested per plant and the yield in both 2012 and 2013. However, in 2012 only
calcium nitrate fertilizer resulted in significant differences in the number of tubers per plant,
with the application of 8.11 g/ pocket and 16.22 g/ pocket increasing the number of tubers.
Harvested tubers were also analysed for tissue calcium concentration and they were not
significantly affected by the fertilizer combinations. Red clay loam soils used in this
experiment could have decreased the leaching of calcium nitrate to the subsurface where
tubers were formed. Maceration tests were carried out on harvested tubers by inoculating
with Pectobacteriumcarotovora subspecies brasiliensis. The rotting zone diameter was
measured after 24 and 48 hours. However, there were no significant differences in the rotting
zone diameter in all treatments.
The second experiment was a field study conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation
methods and plant nutrition on the growth of potato and on the susceptibility of tubers to
potato soft rot, carried out in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August – December)
at the University of Zimbabwe, Crop Science field experiment blocks. The experiment was
set up under overhead and drip irrigation using a RCBD, with seven blocks and five calcium
nitrate fertilizer rates of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 kg / ha. All treatments received an equal
amount of nitrogen.
Tuber calcium analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the tuber
calcium content in tubers harvested from both drip and overhead irrigation in both years.
Testing for the susceptibility of tubers to soft rot was carried out using maceration tests.
Tubers harvested from drip irrigation in 2012 did not show any significant differences in the
rotting zone diameter at both 24 and 48 hours after maceration. No rotting was observed in
2013. Tubers harvested from the overhead irrigated field did not show any signs of rotting,
both in 2012 and 2013. Calcium fertilization did not influence yield or tuber size distribution,
perhaps because of high inherent calcium already in the plots used and in irrigation water.
This work, therefore failed to show that loss from soft rot could be reduced by tuber calcium
perhaps because the calcium supplied from irrigation water was above the threshold level for
such protection from infection.,The Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) and
The Beit Trust (Zimbabwe
The Effects of Irrigation Methods, Calcium Levels and other Nutrients on Soft Rot (Pectobacterium carotovora subspecies brasiliensis) Infection of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
No full textTwo main experiments were carried out to study the effects of irrigation methods, calcium
levels and other nutrients on soft rot infection of potato. The first experiment was an outdoor
pot experiment, conducted in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August –
December). The objective was to explore the potential for controlling tuber soft rot using
calcium fertilization in combination with other nutrients: potassium, nitrogen, magnesium
and phosphorus. In addition plant growth parameters were measured. The experiment was
laid out as a 9 x 3 factorial design in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Calcium was applied at 0, 8.11 and 16.22 g/ pockect calcium nitrate (15.5 % N, 19.9 % Ca)
while other nutrients were magnesium sulphate (9.1 % Mg) at 1.2 and 2.7 g/ pocket,
ammonium nitrate (34.5 % N) at 4.05 and 6.76 g/ pocket, single superphosphate (19.3 %
P2O5) at 20.27 and 27.03 g/ pocket, potassium sulphate (50 % K2O) at 6.08 and 6.76 g/
pocket, and a nil control.
The fertilizer treatment combinations did not exhibit significant difference in both the number
of tubers harvested per plant and the yield in both 2012 and 2013. However, in 2012 only
calcium nitrate fertilizer resulted in significant differences in the number of tubers per plant,
with the application of 8.11 g/ pocket and 16.22 g/ pocket increasing the number of tubers.
Harvested tubers were also analysed for tissue calcium concentration and they were not
significantly affected by the fertilizer combinations. Red clay loam soils used in this
experiment could have decreased the leaching of calcium nitrate to the subsurface where
tubers were formed. Maceration tests were carried out on harvested tubers by inoculating
with Pectobacteriumcarotovora subspecies brasiliensis. The rotting zone diameter was
measured after 24 and 48 hours. However, there were no significant differences in the rotting
zone diameter in all treatments.
The second experiment was a field study conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation
methods and plant nutrition on the growth of potato and on the susceptibility of tubers to
potato soft rot, carried out in 2012 and 2013, during the summer season (August – December)
at the University of Zimbabwe, Crop Science field experiment blocks. The experiment was
set up under overhead and drip irrigation using a RCBD, with seven blocks and five calcium
nitrate fertilizer rates of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 kg / ha. All treatments received an equal
amount of nitrogen.
Tuber calcium analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the tuber
calcium content in tubers harvested from both drip and overhead irrigation in both years.
Testing for the susceptibility of tubers to soft rot was carried out using maceration tests.
Tubers harvested from drip irrigation in 2012 did not show any significant differences in the
rotting zone diameter at both 24 and 48 hours after maceration. No rotting was observed in
2013. Tubers harvested from the overhead irrigated field did not show any signs of rotting,
both in 2012 and 2013. Calcium fertilization did not influence yield or tuber size distribution,
perhaps because of high inherent calcium already in the plots used and in irrigation water.
This work, therefore failed to show that loss from soft rot could be reduced by tuber calcium
perhaps because the calcium supplied from irrigation water was above the threshold level for
such protection from infection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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