1,720,963 research outputs found
User-Level DMA without Operating System Kernel Modification
No full textDirect Memory Access (DMA) is frequently used to transfer data between the main memory of a host computer and the interconnection network, in order to free the host processor from the burden of the transfer. DMA operations are traditionally initiated by the operating system kernel, mainly to prevent one application from tampering with another applications' data. Recent architecture trends suggest that interconnection networks get faster, while operating systems get slower (compared to processor speeds). These trends imply that the initiation of a DMA operation becomes slower (due to operating system involvement), while the DMA data transfer itself becomes faster with time. Soon, the operating system overhead associated with starting a DMA will be larger than the data transfer itself, esp. for small data transfers. This paper proposes several algorithms that allow user-level applications to start DMA operating without the involvement of the operating system. Our algorithms allow user ap..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The remote enqueue operation on networks of workstations
No full textAbstract. Modern networks of workstations connected by Gigabit networks have the ability to run high-performance computing applications at a reasonable performance, but at a signi cantly lower cost. The performance of these applications is usually dominated by their e ciency of the underlying communication mechanisms. However, e cient communication requires that not only messages themselves are sent fast, but also noti cation about message arrival should be fast as well. For example, a message that has arrived at its destination is worthless until the recipient is alerted to the message arrival. In this paper we describe a new operation, the remote-enqueue atomic operation, which can be used in multiprocessors, and workstation clusters. This operation atomically inserts a data element in a queue that physically resides in a remote processor's memory. This operation can be used for fast noti cation of message arrival, and for fast passing of small messages. Compared to other software and hardware queueing alternatives, remote-enqueue provides high speed at a low implementation cost without compromising protection in a general-purpose computing environment.
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