1,720,977 research outputs found
Consumo di suolo e rischio idraulico nel X Municipio Di Roma
No full textTra le sfide che caratterizzano la decrescita sostenibile dei centri urbani, un importante contributo alla definizione degli scenari futuri è dato dalle incertezze legate ai cambiamenti climatici. Le possibili azioni da intraprendere richiedono un ampio grado di adattabilità per incrementare la resilienza, ristabilendo il rapporto bidirezionale tra l’inevitabile interazione “uomo<->modifiche<->ambiente”. Questo studio analizza, utilizzando il GIS, il consumo di suolo nell’X Municipio di Roma, dagli anni ’30 ad oggi, mettendo in relazione gli eventi che hanno influenzato la crescita della città e le criticità idrauliche. Il confronto delle modificazioni che definiscono l’attuale tessuto edilizio nell’area, è condotto su analisi e dati quantitativi che identificano driver e pattern che guidano lo sviluppo urbano. La serie di dati che deriva consente di implementare scenari futuri per il consumo di suolo e strutturano i modelli induttivi, a supporto di una pianificazione adattabileAmong the challenges that characterize the sustainable decline of urban centers, an important contribution to the definition of future scenarios is given by the uncertainties connected to climate change. The actions to be taken require a high level of adaptability to increase resilience, re-establishing the bidirectional relationship between the inevitable interaction "man <-> changes <-> environment". This study analyzes, using the GIS, the consumption of soil in the X Municipality of Rome, from the '30s to today, by relating the events that have influenced the growth of the city and the hydraulic problems. The comparison of the modifications that define the current building fabric in the area, is conducted on quantitative analysis and data that identify drivers and patterns that characterized urban development. The resulting data set enables future land use scenarios to be implemented and structures inductive models to support adaptive planning
Adapting towards resilience. Analysis of the construction features and dynamic energy performance of amphibious and floating houses
Full text linkIn the current scenario where urban areas are exposed to extreme climate phenomena, resilience of cities and buildings becomes fundamental.
Thus, not only defensive, traditional actions, but also alternative solutions towards resilience need to be implemented. Amphibious and floating houses, still not investigated in literature, allow the building to adapt to water presence due to their specific construction and technical properties.
Here, we consider such buildings’ typologies under the construction and thermal-energy performance lenses, by means of yearly dynamic energy simulations
Flood Risk of Open Spaces: From Microscale Factors of Built Environment to Risk Reduction Strategies
No full textUrban Built Environment can be defined as a network of Open Spaces (including their infrastructures) and buildings, where users live and interact. In case of an emergency, the risk in the Built Environment highly depends on the characteristics of disastrous event, buildings and Open Spaces physical vulnerability, and on users’ behavioral patterns and emergency response. Open Spaces represent a fundamental element during the disaster and the immediate aftermath. Floods denote one of the most challenging disasters for Open Spaces safety. In fact, they influence the floodwater spreading in the urban layout, affecting the building damage and the emergency evacuation process. From a critical review of recent advancement in the field, this work addresses the role of Open Space factors in flood risk—considering the composing elements and their interactions—to pursue a microscale approach
Un framework multiscalare per l’aumento di resilienza e sostenibilità nelle aree urbane: metodo e applicazione ad uno scenario esplorativo al 2050
No full textL’obsolescenza delle infrastrutture urbane e la vetustà di buona parte del tessuto edilizio rendono
gran parte delle nostre città non resilienti agli eventi climatici estremi che oggi, sempre più, le minacciano. Il presente studio propone un framework generale, ovvero una metodologia integrata, basato su scenari esplorativi di consumo di suolo, con un focus sulla classe residenziale applicato a scopo esemplificativo su un caso studio scelto per la sua rilevanza insediativa e ambientale, il X Municipio di Roma (Ostia). L’obiettivo è di proporre strategie multiscalari integrate, che siano contemporaneamente efficaci contro gli allagamenti e l’isola di calore urbano, a partire dalla macro-scala (Municipio), passando per la meso-scala (macro-aree appartenenti a tessuti urbani differenti), fino ad arrivare al singolo edificio e i suoi componenti. Le ipotesi adottate sono in grado di guidare efficacemente la riduzione del runoff, di migliorare il microclima urbano e di
incrementare la prestazione energetica degli edifici, consentendo di raggiungere una effettiva riduzione del consumo di suolo residenziale, nel rispetto dei principi della sostenibilità ambientale.
Il framework proposto è strutturato in modo tale da consentire future analisi integrative, oltre a quelle proposte, per poter inserire anche considerazioni di tipo economico e sociale, a supporto di uno sviluppo urbano adattivo e sostenibile
The effect of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems on outdoor comfort and runoff
Full text linkCities are facing numerous challenges such as Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) and more frequent flooding events, due to the increasing soil sealing. Greenery and water implemented in urban outdoor spaces have been promoted as effective strategies to counteract UHIE while Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) have been identified as convenient solutions to increase resilience to flooding. However, since many SUDS are green-based, they also benefit urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort. In this work, the effectiveness of SUDS as passive strategies to simultaneously improve outdoor thermal comfort and reduce stormwater runoff is assessed. The analysis is carried out on a neighbourhood in Ostia (Rome), selected as representative of Mediterranean climate. The case study area is modelled on ENVImet in three different scenarios: the current condition is compared with two future developments in which green and water-based mitigation strategies are implemented or in which soil sealing continues based on current trend. Moreover, for each scenario, stormwater runoff has been determined using the Soil Conservation Service curve number method. Results show that the implemented mitigation strategies allow achieving improved thermal comfort conditions and at the same time they can reduce runoff
Flood Risk of Open Spaces. From Microscale Factors of Built Environment to Risk Reduction Strategies
No full textUrban Built Environment can be defined as a network of Open Spaces (including their infrastructures) and buildings, where users live and interact. In case of an emergency, the risk in the Built Environment highly depends on the characteristics of disastrous event, buildings and Open Spaces physical vulnerability, and on users’ behavioral patterns and emergency response. Open Spaces represent a fundamental element during the disaster and the immediate aftermath. Floods denote one of the most challenging disasters for Open Spaces safety. In fact, they influence the floodwater spreading in the urban layout, affecting the building damage and the emergency evacuation process. From a critical review of recent advancements in the field, this work addresses the role of Open Space factors in flood risk—considering the composing elements and their interactions—to pursue a microscale approach
Protection and restoration of a coastal settlement
No full textThe coexistence between human settlements and water is one of the most compelling challenges for urban planning. The area is known as Idroscalo (seaplane base used between 1928 and 1938), located on a spit of land between the delta of Tiber river and the Mediterranean coast, south-west from Rome, is a valuable zone for social, economic, environmental and urban interest (Somma, n.d.). The purpose of the study is to analyze the risk derived from the combined action Tiber-Tyrrhenian Sea, which affects directly the informal settlement living in the place, using specific one-dimensional hydraulic models formulated through HEC-RAS. The innovative building types proposed for the area allow social interaction maintaining the characteristics of the spontaneous community, preserving the landscape of the protected area as well as reducing the risk of hydrologic events. The key elements of the project are the economic compatibility related to the typological solution compared to conventional construction industry as well as economic recovery for the shipyard industry in the area, which has been in economic distress for more than a decade
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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