1,721,161 research outputs found
Preface. Beyond Dates to Chronology : Rethinking the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Levant
No full textManning Sturt W. Preface. Beyond Dates to Chronology : Rethinking the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Levant. In: Paléorient, 2007, vol. 33, n°1. pp. 5-10
Reconsidering coastal archaeological sites in Late Bronze Age Cyprus: Tochni-<i>Lakkia</i> and the south-central coastscape
No full textThe Cypriot Late Bronze Age (referred to as Late Cypriot and LBA, 1680/1650–1100 b.c.e.) has attracted particular attention due to textual and material evidence that suggests engagement with the international maritime trade networks of the eastern Mediterranean. A longstanding scholarly preoccupation with interregional trade has encouraged the development of theoretical models that aim to reconstruct the economy of the island and generally view Late Cypriot coastal sites as gateway communities channeling copper to the eastern Mediterranean. Studies have also highlighted the local and regional significance of these communities and have shed light on their complex economic networks. In this paper, we use data from coastal Tochni-Lakkia, an actively eroding site located near two major Late Bronze Age centers (Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios and the Maroni Complex) to add nuance to smaller-scale regional interaction networks along the south-central coast of the island. To do that, we engage evidence from trial excavations and archaeological and geophysical surveys at Tochni-Lakkia in the form of a preliminary report with theoretical approaches that highlight the potential for and role of regional maritime networks and the concept of coastscape
The Romanization of Britain Through Garden Plants
No full text58 pagesWhile there have been significant strides in the scholarship surrounding Romanization and Roman gardens in the provinces, and the ways in which cultivated garden plants represent cultural ideologies and identity, there is a lack of research focusing on the use of local native plants in gardens alongside Roman imported and introduced plants in the empire. To explore this topic further, this thesis explores both native and non-native plants and their cultivation in the gardens of Roman Britain. This research aims to close this gap in the knowledge of native plants used in the gardens of Roman Britain through analyzing archaeobotanical, landscape, and material evidence to identify the Roman imported (non-native) and local (native) plants used in gardens, and analyze the data within broader contexts of Romanization and a unique Romano-British tradition of cultivating plants in gardens
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Heterarchy and Emergent Complexity in the Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant: A Mortuary Perspective
No full text59 pagesThe re-appearance of Southern Levantine urbanism as well as settlement and social hierarchies during the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1,950-1,550 BCE) stands as one of the great enigmas of archaeological research in the region. This phenomenon has predominantly been attributed to foreign invasions and changes in economic strategies among other factors. However, the role of the Southern Levant’s native subaltern population is largely overlooked in previous works. In this paper I intend to examine the how the lives of subalterns fit into the centralization of socio-economic power within urban regional centers in the Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant. I will approach this question through the lens of collective action theory and the use of mortuary remains
Evidence For Post-Hispanic Environmental Change In Guerrero, Mexico From High-Resolution Lacustrine Sediment Cores
Full text linkThe cumulative impact of the Spanish Contact (c. 1520CE) and the Little Ice Age (c. 1300-1850CE) for environmental change in Mexico is still much debated. We present a subdecadal resolution paleoecological record of environmental change for Laguna Ojo de Mar (LOM), a ~4 ha lake in eastern Guerrero, Mexico. Two sediment cores (2m and 2.9m) were collected from LOM, and AMS radiocarbon dating indicates the basal sediments were deposited approximately c. 1490CE ± 117 (1 SD). Reconstruction of environmental history is based on geochemical data including high-resolution magnetic susceptibility, carbon isotopes, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and loss-on-ignition analysis. Macroscopic charcoal and seed data are used to reconstruct paleoecology and anthropogenic impacts. The combined multi-proxy data suggest low agriculture intensity post-contact through the early 18th century and drought conditions resulting in declining lake levels from the mid-18th century to early 19th century
Cupellation At Kea: Investigating Potential Applications Of The Minoan Conical Cup
Full text link For several decades, a full understanding of the Minoan Conical cup, its uses, and the social environment in which it was used has remained largely a mystery. Appearing first in the Early Minoan Period (EM; 31002100/2050 BCE), the conical cup seems to have been a vessel which was prevalent in the daily life of those living in the Bronze Age Aegean. It is not until the Late Minoan Period (LM; 1700/16751075/1050 BCE), that the conical cup production standardizes and vessels are found in large concentrations across the Aegean from Crete, Kea, Kythera, and Melos, to Thera, Mainland Greece, and portions of Western Anatolia (Gillis 1990b, 1). Yet over the past thirty years, physical descriptions and discussions of production of the conical cups have outnumbered explanations of their use and influence. Studies of standardization (Davis 1985; Gillis 1990b; Gillis 1990c; Berg 2004; Hilditch 2014), transmission (Gillis 1990a; Gillis 1990c; Knappett 1999) and regional distribution (Wiener 1984; Gillis 1991a; Gillis 1990b; Wiener 2011) are more numerous than those which address questions surrounding their use (Schofield 1990b) . This thesis seeks to understand the spatial distribution and application of the handleless cup/conical cup in daily social practices taking place in the context of House A at Ayia Irini, Kea during the Period VI occupation (LM IA, LH I, LC I)1 . These materials from Ayia Irini may reveal something of what it meant to be a part of an increasingly 'Minoan' or at the very least 'Minoanizing' world. This thesis will address how patterns in the distribution of handleless cups at House A and their association with other finds therein can inform the intended uses of and the social practices for which these ceramics were reserved and the degree to which these daily routines conformed to, or deviated from, social practices known from contemporary sites elsewhere in the Aegean. These questions are important because they can contribute to wider debates on what constituted shared experience in what has come to be called a 'Minoan' or 'Minoanizing' world and may finally provide a compelling (albeit partial) explanation for 1 See Table 1. the prevalence of the Minoan conical cup. In pursuing the answer(s) to these questions I propose that, in addition to other possible of uses, the handleless cup at Ayia Irini was a vessel wellsuited to 1) use in the process of silver cupellation and 2) use as a receptacle for various dyes used in textile production. These claims will be supported by artifact distribution and density maps of the Period VI structure that reveal the spatial relationships between objects and features
What About Her? Mortuary Practice and Gender Identities at Kanesh
Full text linkArchaeological studies at the Middle Bronze Age Assyrian trading colony of Kanesh, in the Kayseri Province of modern-day Turkey, have been significantly influenced by historical narratives woven on the basis of the site’s rich corpus of 22,500 cuneiform texts. One social group overlooked by such textually-driven scholarship is women, despite their important role as cultural brokers. This thesis seeks to understand social boundaries, specifically gender identities, at Kanesh through the examination of mortuary practices using insights from third wave feminism. The study reexamines burials and their inclusions through an intersectional framework that considers multiple aspects of a person’s identity (e.g. gender, age, class, ethnicity). A multidimensional story about Kanesh thus emerges that includes those excluded from the cuneiform texts and existing traditions of archaeological scholarship at the site. The predominant groups identified in burials are females and children; these two categories of people, which have not been discussed in prior studies at Kanesh, are revealed to be a vital part of the community. Moreover, this study observes that there are similarities among the items found in graves, the types of burials, and location of the burials of males, females, and children. Based on these similarities, there seems to be a shared economic status as well as similar material culture across the range of ethnicities represented in the karum. As much as the textual evidence drives a narrative focused on Assyrian men, the archaeology of the karum reflects a more diverse yet communal identity
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