101,965 research outputs found
Thornburghiella montana Jezek, Obona & Manko 2021, sp. nov.
No full textThornburghiella montana Ježek, Oboňa & Manko sp. nov. (Figs 1–21) Description. Male. Head hardly as long as broad (Fig. 1), 1.2 times broader. Vertex conically a little inflated dorsally (Figs 1) with a cut top. Numerous setae alveoli are almost regularly spaced over the entire surface in spite of scar free areas above C-shaped compound eyes laterally. Eyes separated, interocular suture arcuate (Figs 1, 12), eye bridge formed by five facet rows, frontal marginal rows are reduced to four facets. Minimum distance between eyes corresponds roughly to six facet diameters; index of distance from tangential points of eye apices to minimum of frons 3.2. Setae alveoli of frontoclypeus arranged almost in a triangular centrally placed patch near the base of antennae, tapering to a dorsoventral stripe of hairs close below frontal suture (Figs 1, 12). Patagia cylindrical, bag-shaped, constricted and contracted in one third, bent, covered with microsetae, see Fig. 11. Antenna with 15 articles; scape club-shaped (Fig. 2), somewhat widened apically, 2.5 times as long as its maximum width, narrowed et base, 4.9 times as long as its minimum width. Pedicel pitcher-shaped, symmetrical. Flagellomere 1 (postpedicel) cylindrical, hardly as long as three following flagellomeres together (Fig. 2). Postpedicel with six conspicuous, strong bristles arranged in a row, sometimes is the longest distal bristle doubled (from the same insertion). Scape and pedicel with stiletto-shaped scales in contrast to needle-shaped macrosetae of flagellomeres. Flagellomeres 2–12 ovoid, with needle-shaped paired ascoids, a little bent, shorter than flagellomeres in which are inserted; apical flagellomere twice as long as the previous one including digital apiculus placed a little out of longitudinal axis (Fig. 13). Length ratio of maxillary palpus segments 1.0:1.2:1.5:2.1; apical segment annulated (Fig. 3). Terminal labial lobes (Fig. 14) with diverging rows of spines between them. Ratio of maximum length of cibarium (Fig. 4) to length of epipharynx 1.7:1. Thorax. Anepisternum setae patch is almost trapezoid, anepimeron with triangular setose patch (Fig. 15). Spiracles set low on mesothorax. Wings (Fig. 16) lanceolate, 3.3 mm in holotype, 2.9–3.4 mm in paratypes, rounded distally, a little expanded at the posterior margin. The ending of R 5 beyond the tip of wing. Wing membrane slightly infuscated between Sc, R 1 and C and ends of all veins are a little strengthened distally with dark spots. Following veins or their parts strengthened: Sc with conspicuously marked origin and end, R 1 in distal three quarters, R 2, R 5, basal field, cross vein m 1 – m 2, CuA 1 and CuA 2 (conspicuously basally). Radial fork complete, medial fork in a form of a cross vein, their position see on Fig. 16. Both forks and the ending of CuA 2 are in one line (almost central area of wing). Wing index 2.4. Knob of halteres globular, with three close sensory microsetae ventrally, a prolonged stem as usually developed (Fig. 5). Ratio of maximum length of halteres to their maximum width approximately 2.8:1. Ratios of lengths of femora, tibiae and first tarsal segments P 1 2.0:2.3:1.0, P 2 2.1:2.8:1.1, P 3 2.4:3.2:1.2. Paired tarsal claws of P 1 gradually tapering, bent distad (Fig. 6). Male genitalia. Ejaculatory apodeme almost straight, only inconspicuously bent proximally and contracted distally (Figs 8, 21), aedeagal complex with paired sclerotized boomerang-shaped ribs diverged laterally and converged caudally. The basis of distiphallus is braced by gonocoxal apodeme – a chitinized stripe with three prolonged lobes (arms) of different shape and length (triangular and pale-shaped) on both sides (Fig. 8). Gonocoxites almost hemisphaerical (Figs 8–10), gonostyli ovoid basally, with irregular margins, conspicuously scelrotized, distal parts V-shaped, forked in two protuberances: sickle-shaped thin longer arm and thicker shorter saw-shaped one with numerous teeth (Figs 18–19). Epandrium (Figs 7, 17) almost semicircular in dorsal view, hardly rectangular from lateral one, not bare, (see two divided areas of insertions of hairs distally), posterior margin conspicuously sclerotized, emarginate, with a deep cleft. Basal paired apertures conspicuous, crevice-shaped, connected. Ventral epandrial plate reduced (Fig. 17). Hypandrium narrow with a lobulus in the middle (Fig. 8). Epiproct inconspicuous, as a rounded fold, covered with microsetae and dark structures inside; hypoproct conspicuous, setose, tongueshaped, rounded apically from dorsal view (Figs 7, 17). Epandrial claspers (surstyli) strong, enlarged basally in contrast to the top, almost straight from dorsal view (Fig. 17), bent at about one-third from lateral view (Fig. 7). Tenacula are numerous (30–35), formed in longitudinal rows on inner sides of clasping lobes, apically frayed. Female. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Thornburghiella montana sp. nov. resembles T. kovari Ježek, 1993 in body size, as well as wing venation. The new species have head vertex a little inflated dorsally (Fig. 1); frons with a dorsoventral stripe of hairs (Figs 1, 12); postpedicel not constricted subapically (Fig. 2); hypandrium narrow with a lobulus in the middle (Fig. 8); gonostyli with two protuberances. (Figs 8–10, 18, 19); aedeagal complex with paired sclerotized boomerang-shaped ribs diverged laterally and converged caudally (Figs 8, 20, 21). Thornburghiella kovari is readily distinguishable by vertex of head, conspicuously elevated dorsally; frons without dorsoventral stripe of hairs; postpedicel constricted subapically; hypandrium stripe-shaped of the same width; gonostyli with three quite different bizarre protuberances; aedeagal complex with two parallel almost spatula-shaped cut protuberances and inner two linear ribs diverged caudally by conspicuous sclerotized hooks protruded outline of distiphallus. Type material. Holotype male: Transcaucasia, Georgia, Mtskheta – Mtianeti region, above the village Snotskali, a tributary of the Snotskali river, 1900 m a.s.l., 42°35’49.0”N 44°38’26.0”E (Fig. 38), 5.vii.2019, by sweep netting, Manko leg. Slide with a dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34899, Inv. No. 25956 (NMPC). Paratypes of 15 males (slides, some specimens dissected): The same locality, method, collectors and date, Cat. No. 34900-34909, Inv. No. 25957-25966 (NMPC); Gveleti, a stream beneath small waterfall, 1630 m a.s.l., 42°42’08.4”N 44°37’09.7”E, 12.vii.2019, by sweep netting, Kovács, Murányi and Vinçon leg., Cat. No. 34910- 34913, Inv. No. 25967-25970 (NMPC); Pansketi, the Snotskali River at its confluence with the Terek River, 1745 m a.s.l., 42°38’14.0”N 44°37’56.0”E, 12.vii.2019, by sweep netting, Kovács, Manko, Murányi and Vinçon leg., Cat. No. 34914, Inv. No. 25971 (NMPC). 6. Tarsal claw of P 1, lateral view. 7. Epandrium and epandrial claspers, lateral view. 8. Aedeagal complex and gonopod, dorsal view. 9. Gonopod, lateral view. 10. Same, caudal view. 11. Patagium. [Scale: 1-5, 7-11 = 0.2 mm; 6 = 0.05 mm] Type locality. Georgia, Mtskheta – Mtianeti region, Snotskali. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “montanus – a – um“ (adjective) = montane (mountain); it refers to the high elevation of the studied habitats of this species. Bionomics. Unknown, males were collected near montane waterfalls and streams or confluences of rivers, 1630–1900 m a.s.l. Distribution. Currently recorded only from Georgia.Published as part of Ježek, Jan, Oboňa, Jozef & Manko, Peter, 2021, Two new Palaearctic species of moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Caucasus Mts., pp. 582-594 in Zootaxa 4985 (4) on pages 583-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/496404
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
Two new Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from the Western Palaearctic
No full textPtychoptera xanthopleura Dvořák, Oboňa & Manko, sp. nov. from Azerbaijan and Georgia, and Ptychoptera staryi Dvořák, Oboňa & Manko, sp. nov. from Bulgaria are described. P. xanthopleura sp. nov. differs from the other member of the lacustris group mainly by having almost completely yellow pleurae, and by the shape of the epandrium and gonocoxites. The diagnostics of P. staryi sp. nov. and P. incognita Török, Kolcsár & Keresztes, 2015 based on male genitalia are provided
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
- …
