1,720,953 research outputs found
Biomechanical ecologies: towards urban air remediation through indoor environments.
No full textDecember 2017School of ArchitectureIndoor air quality (IAQ) and inhabitant health is often adversely affected by ele-vated levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), especially formaldehyde and benzene rings. Even though these aspects of indoor air have been shown to detrimentally affect human cognitive function, health, and wellbe-ing, conventional filtration and ventilation systems, designed to remediate indoor air, have the potential to exacerbate levels of these toxic components in the air stream. The modern removal-only approach to IAQ remediation may compound another IAQ trend: decreased indoor microbial diversity. These removal-only approaches to IAQ may well have contributed to the observed development of human-mediated microbial communi-ties in indoor environments, meaning the microbial communities on the surfaces of the environments in which we live and work are often inoculated only by human interac-tion, and have very few diversifying inputs. Decreased exposure to high microbial and environmental bio-diversity has been associated with negative effects on human inhab-itant health including increased allergic reactions and atopic skin conditions, and decreased immune health overall. With these variables in mind, the beginning chapters in this thesis examine how the interaction between urban/architectural development patterns and biological evolution may have led to the development of these issues. Within this context, hypotheses and design propositions are discussed and developed that attempt to integrate plant and associated microbial communities with standard ventilation and climate control equipment as a solution to these modern IAQ issues. These meta-analyses were augmented by physical testing of some of the solu-tions proposed in the initial chapters in temporal, matrix-based, controlled experiments designed to test some of the dependent variables at different scales; from the qualities of the plant-based ecosystems to their cumulative effect on the room in which the experiment was conceived. The dependent variable tested at the pot scale was the CO2 remediation potential of each trio of pots with specified growth media and plant treat-ments, along with the relative biomass of each pot. These metrics were iterated tempo-rally to track changes over time. In addition to pot-scale testing, room-scale testing led to insights into how these systems affected the CO2 of the room in which the experi-ment is occurring. Sampling of CO2 was taken at seven locations throughout the room before and during the experiment, and was correlated to biomass increases in the room to determine how increases in biomass changed the air ecology of an entirely built-environment with no external inputs. The experimental section of this project indicated that water availability, growth media, plant biomass, and plant diversity are all statistically significant drivers of the respiration/photosynthesis balance of a plant-based ecosystem. While the integration of these results into an open system such as those found in indoor air streams is complex, this preliminary study indicates that if these drivers of the balance between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in these systems were optimized, significant changes to the CO2 levels of the room could be achieved. Integrating the results of this experiment with the previously discussed literature reviews and thought experiments may lead to pathways towards evaluating the efficacy of various plant species and growth media’s ability to support diverse indoor microbial communities, and evolve healthier indoor air streams from the single plant to the room scale. Some of the next large questions in this line of questioning pertains to the potential of extrapolating these proposed frameworks into the scales and cycling of buildings and cities, tackling global problems through the way we approach buildings and local ecologies.M
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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