39 research outputs found
The regulation of labour and the state in the Sudan : a study of the relationship between the stage of social and economic development and the autonomy of labour relations law
No full textThe thesis is a study of labour regulation and the State in the
Sudan in the light of a general theoretical conception of labour law and
the State. The first Chapter defines the concepts of analysis that are
used throughout the study, isolates the "essential" properties of the
Capitalist State and Law from the historically concrete forms which they
assume in a particular society and distinguishes between processes which
influence development of the form of law and others which influence its
sociological development. Drawing on the analysis in Chapter I, Chapter
II exposes the inter-relationship between the Sudanese social formation,
State and Law and the implication of this inter-relationship for both the
form and substance of labour relations law. Chapters III, IV and V are
specific verifications of the hypothesis regarding the inter-relationship
between the State and labour relations law in the Sudan and that
regarding the development of the "substance" and "ideology" of law in
general.
The thesis considers law as an empirically-founded discipline.
But, it distinguishes between various types of empirical facts about law
corresponding with respective semi-autonomous social levels at which law
asserts its existence. The research method followed describes the
empirical facts about law at the particular level and, in order to
determine the epistemological significance of these facts, analytically
relates them to empirical facts at other levels. Wherever used in the
thesis the term "theory" signifies either this methodological procedure of
analysing the inter-connection of empirical facts at a certain level and
their inter-relation with other facts at other levels, or the substantive
generalizations about law which findings at these various levels would
allow.
I consider my application of this methodology to the study of
labour rela tions law, the historical dimension this application introduces
in socio-economic analysis of this law, the criticism of certain Marxist
and other sociological conceptions of law it enables, and the
socio-histor ical relativity of the "substance" and "ideology" of law it
reveals as original contributions to the knowledge of labour law. The
compilation and evaluation within the framework of the thesis of
empirical materials on industrial relations in the Sudan are likewise
original contribution to the knowledge of Sudanese "labour law" and
labour law in general
Has Authorship in the Decolonizing Global Health Movement Been Colonized?
No full textBackground: Decolonization in global health is a recent movement aimed at relinquishing remnants of supremacist mindsets, inequitable structures, and power differentials in global health. Objective: To determine the author demographics of publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of publications related to decolonizing global health and global health partnerships from the inception of the selected journal databases (i.e., Medline, CAB Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science) to November 14, 2022. Author country affiliations were assigned as listed in each publication. Author gender was assigned using author first name and the software genderize.io. Descriptive statistics were used for author country income bracket, gender, and distribution. Findings: Among 197 publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships, there were 691 total authors (median 2 authors per publication, interquartile range 1, 4). Publications with author bylines comprised exclusively of authors affiliated with HICs were most common (70.0%, n = 138) followed by those with authors affiliated both with HICs and LMICs (22.3%, n = 44). Only 7.6% (n = 15) of publications had author bylines comprised exclusively of authors affiliated with LMICs. Over half (54.0%, n = 373) of the included authors had names that were female and female authors affiliated with HICs most commonly occupied first author positions (51.8%, n = 102). Conclusions: Authors in publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships have largely been comprised of individuals affiliated with HICs. There was a marked paucity of publications with authors affiliated with LMICs, whose voices provide context and crucial insight into the needs of the decolonizing global health movement
Book Reviews
No full text'Social Security for the Excluded Majority: Case Studies of Developing Countries'; Editor: Wouter van Ginneken; Reviewer: Tim Conway; 'Taiwan's Development Experience: Lessons on the Roles of Government and Market'; Authors: Erik Thorbecke and Henry Wan; Reviewer: John W. Mellor; 'The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms'; Editor: Ariel Dinar; Reviewer: Paul Herrington; 'Risks and Reconstruction: Experiences of Resettlers and Refugees'; Editors: Michael M. Cernea and Christopher McDowell; Reviewer: Zo� Marriage; 'On the Move: Mobility, Land Use and Livelihood Practices on the Central Plateau in Burkino Faso'; Author: Mark Breusers; Reviewer: Karim Hussein; 'Urban Poverty in Africa: From Understanding to Alleviation'; Editors: Sue Jones and Nici Nelson; Reviewer: Sandra Wallman; 'Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America'; Editors: Deborah Bryceson, Christobal Kay and Jos Mooij; Reviewer: Jan Kees Van Donge; 'Development Under Adversity: The Palestinian Economy in Transition'; Authors: Ishac Diwan and Radwan A. Shaban; Reviewer: Emma Murphy; 'EU 'Global Player': The North-South Policy of the European Union'; Author: Mirjam van Reisen; Reviewer: Marjorie Lister;Review Books,
Initial experience with the Evolution mechanical dilator sheath for lead extraction: Safety and efficacy
No full textBackground: The Evolution mechanical dilator sheath is a new lead extraction tool that uses a rotational mechanism and a bladed tip to overcome fibrosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report our initial experience with the Evolution system. Methods: Between March 2008 (our first use of Evolution) and September 2009, the Evolution sheath was used for extraction of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads in 29 patients (41 leads). Success and complications were defined according to the Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus document on lead extraction. Results: Indications for extraction were infection in 20 patients and lead malfunction in 9 patients. Median implantation time was 65 months (range 12-409 months). Of the 41 leads, 18 (44percent) were atrial and 23 (56percent) were ventricular. ICD leads were extracted from 14 (48percent) patients and pacemaker leads from 15 (52percent) patients. Evolution was used as first choice in 12 patients (16 [39percent] leads), with 100percent clinical success. Complete procedural success was achieved in 11 patients; in 1 patient, only the distal electrode was retained. The system was used for rescue of 25 (61percent) leads in 17 patients. Success with Evolution alone was achieved in 13 (77percent) patients (Shortie Evolution sheath used in 2), for complete procedural success of 77percent. However, in 4 (24percent) patients, Evolution was useful but not sufficient for complete procedural success (femoral workstation required in 2, reuse of laser in 2). Overall, the Evolution system was successful in 25 (86percent) patients (33 leads). Overall clinical success was 100percent. No complications occurred. Conclusion: Preliminary data suggest that the Evolution mechanical dilator sheath is a new useful tool among the instruments available for lead extraction. © 2010 Heart Rhythm Society.Al-Khadra AS, 2001, INTERVENTIONAL ELECT, P819; Bongiorni MG, 2008, EUR HEART J, V29, P2886, DOI 10.1093-eurheartj-ehn461; Borek PP, 2008, J INTERV CARD ELECTR, V23, P59, DOI 10.1007-s10840-008-9249-7; Epstein LM, 1999, CIRCULATION, V100, P516; GOODE L B, 1991, Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology, V25, P50; Kennergren C, 2007, EUROPACE, V9, P651, DOI 10.1093-europace-eum098; Neuzil P, 2007, EUROPACE, V9, P98, DOI 10.1093-europace-eul171; Smith MC, 2008, PACE, V31, P736, DOI 10.1111-j.1540-8159.2008.01079.x; Wilkoff BL, 2009, HEART RHYTHM, V6, P1085, DOI 10.1016-j.hrthm.2009.05.020; Wilkoff BL, 1999, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V33, P1671, DOI 10.1016-S0735-1097(99)00074-124191
The exegesis of Tabatabaei and the Hermeneutics of Hirsch: a comparative study
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study between Hermeneutics on the one hand and exegesis of the Holy Qur'an on the other. Its objective is to discover whether there are salient points of convergence between the two disciples, and whether issues germane to the Hermeneutical tradition in the West have been referred to and/or employed in Muslim works of Qur'an commentary. To this end, the works of one of the most prominent Shi'ite philosophers and exegetes. Allama Mohammad Hossein Tabataei, have been analysed and compared with the perspective and methodology of E D. Hirsch, one of the most important hermeneuticians in the Western World. Hirsch has been chosen since, in the opinion of the author, there is a considerable number of commonalities between the Hirschian approach to hermeneutics and the exegetical methodology of Tabatabaei and other Shi'ite Muslim interpreters of the Qur'an.. Hirsch, as an objectivist, along with a number of other Hermeneutical scholars, are critical of those who subscribe to philosophical Hermeneutics, such as Heideger and Gadimer. The same approach is taken in Tabatabaei's works, thus providing a strong rationale for an academic comparison of these two scholars. For this reason, this thesis attempts to study the theories of Tabatabaei and Hirsch in order to highlight the similarities and differences in their works. The central hypothesis is that while small differences in approach exist, there is much common ground, and that it is possible to use certain facets of Hirschian hermeneutics in the interpretation of the Qur'an, thus modernising some of the existing exegetical approaches employed by Shi'ite scholars.Since the aim of this thesis is to compare the interpretive works of Tabatabaei with those of Hirsch's, an introductory chapter has been dedicated to the study of the evolution of Shi'ite exegesis from the beginning to date. Tabatabaei's Al-Mizan has been chosen as the foremost work of Shi'ite exegesis in the modem period. Furthermore, a complete chapter has also been dedicated to Tabatabai's exegetical modus operandi as reflected in Al-Mizan, in order to arrive at a better understanding of his perspectives. This research arrives at the conclusion that philosophical Hermeneutics and Epistemology have opened new horizons on which we will always be dependent. Whatever interpretive theories with regards to the understanding of the text are accepted, or whatever the tendency as far as literary criticism is concerned, or whatever ideas are accepted in the arena of philosophy of human and social sciences, the discussion of the nature of understanding in general cannot be avoided. This does not mean that Hermeneutics is limited to these new theories. Rather, the opportunity always exists to introduce new interpretive theories in connection with the understanding of the text. It is indeed possible to study these discussions in detail in a separate sphere independent of the other branches of Islamic sciences and arrive at a number of stable principles in the interpretation of the text in Islamic research
Authorship representation in global emergency medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2016 to 2020
No full textIntroduction: High-income country (HIC) authors are disproportionately represented in authorship bylines compared with those affiliated with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in global health research. An assessment of authorship representation in the global emergency medicine (GEM) literature is lacking but may inform equitable academic collaborations in this relatively new field.
Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of original research articles reporting studies conducted in LMICs from the annual GEM Literature Review from 2016 to 2020. Data extracted included study topic, journal, study country(s) and region, country income classification, author order, country(s) of authors\u27 affiliations and funding sources. We compared the proportion of authors affiliated with each income bracket using Χ2 analysis. We conducted logistic regression to identify factors associated with first or last authorship affiliated with the study country.
Results: There were 14 113 authors in 1751 articles. Nearly half (45.5%) of the articles reported work conducted in lower middle-income countries (MICs), 23.6% in upper MICs, 22.5% in low-income countries (LICs). Authors affiliated with HICs were most represented (40.7%); 26.4% were affiliated with lower MICs, 17.4% with upper MICs, 10.3% with LICs and 5.1% with mixed affiliations. Among single-country studies, those without any local authors (8.7%) were most common among those conducted in LICs (14.4%). Only 31.0% of first authors and 21.3% of last authors were affiliated with LIC study countries. Studies in upper MICs (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.6, 95% CI 2.46 to 5.26) and those funded by the study country (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 2.05 to 4.20) had greater odds of having a local first author.
Conclusions: There were significant disparities in authorship representation. Authors affiliated with HICs more commonly occupied the most prominent authorship positions. Recognising and addressing power imbalances in international, collaborative emergency medicine (EM) research is warranted. Innovative methods are needed to increase funding opportunities and other support for EM researchers in LMICs, particularly in LICs
Exploring Objective Interpretation: The Poetry of Mala Abdul Karim Mudarris in Nami's Tafsir
No full text In this scholarly exploration, we delve into the distinguished Kurdish scholar Mala Abdulkarim Mudarris, known as "Nami," and his unique contribution to Kurdish literature. Despite his significant poetic accomplishments, Nami never compiled a dedicated collection of his works, making his extensive contributions particularly noteworthy. As the first Kurdish scholar to author a poetry book titled 'Bade w Arwzi Al Zaman,' Nami holds a prominent place in literary history. His multifaceted prowess as a writer and poet is evident in his dedication to both his sacred faith and the nuanced interpretation of the Quran. This discourse unfolds in two chapters, first introducing Mudarris and Nami's exegesis, and then exploring the intricate interplay of poetry within Nami's commentary. Through this endeavor, the study enriches Kurdish literature, enhances Quranic understanding, and establishes a profound link between Islamic faith and the cultural tapestry of Kurdistan
From the river to the sea? : honour, identity and politics in historical and contemporary Palestinian rejectionism
No full textThe present thesis seeks to understand and explain the rhetoric and
behaviour of the rejectionist 'current' within the Palestinian national
movement. It proceeds from the view that extant scholarship, primarily from
within the fields of terrorism and security studies, has profoundly
misunderstood rejectionist speech and behaviour by ignoring the
explanatory capacity of Emic - the research subject's perception - as well as
the influence of the sociocultural milieu within which rejectionism exists.
The thesis proceeds to set up a 'socioculturally sensitive' analytical
framework drawn from social identity theory, a heuristic, non-reductionist
model for understanding group interaction and conflict. Emphasizing
cultural norms and cues identified by anthropologists as salient in the
eastern Mediterranean, the thesis suggests that the social value of honour,
patron-client dynamics and a firmly entrenched group orientation must be
significant elements of a model for understanding rejectionist behaviour.
The main analytical narrative suggests that for reasons derived from
ideology, patron-client relations and group dynamics, what has distinguished
the rejectionists from the mainstream have been a qualitatively different set
of preconditions for, and objectives of diplomatic negotiations. To the main
rejectionist factions the goal of liberating Palestine has always been
inextricably intertwined with the goal of restoring national honour; one
without the other has been impossible and to claim otherwise would mean a
depletion of factional and personal honour. To the rejectionists, there has
never been any question of deviating from the fundamental goals - national
recognition, repatriation, self-determination and independent statehood, not
even for tactical reasons. This 'higher standard' likely derives from their
structurally and politically subordinate position within the national
movement, and the need to creatively enhance their own social status and
appeal
Ещё раз к вопросу об исламизации Индонезии
No full textThe paper is devoted to the complicated problem of islamization of Indonesia. The author describes mainly the three most important theories related to this long cultural process. The first theory, elaborated by W. F. Stutterheim, Chr. Snouck-Hurgronje and L. W. van den Berg, derives Indonesian Islam from Gujarat. Close contacts with India as well as some archeological funds witness for this version. The second theory, (Indonesian scholars maintain it mostly), explains Islamization by activity of Arab sailors. The most known of its partisans is Indonesian theologian Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah or Hamka. The third theory looks as modification of the second, in this case not Arab, but Persian-originated sailors are considered as preachers. Namely its defenders (H. Jayadiningrat and U. A. Hussein) apply culturological approach while arguing for Persian influence. The paper also deals with the first period of spreading of Islam through the territory of modern Indonesia. The special attention is paid also to some significant features of Indonesian Islam.Статья посвящена истории проникновения ислама на территории Индонезии. В работе исследуются существующие в исторической науке теории исламизации архипелага, в частности три наиболее известные. Первая теория, авторами которой являются такие западные ученые, как В. Ф. Стуттерхейм, Х. Снук-Хюргронье, Х. ван ден Берг, связывает процесс исламизации архипелага с индийским регионом Гуджарат. В ее пользу свидетельствуют тесные контакты населения архипелага с выходцами из индийского субконтинента и некоторые археологические находки. Вторая теория, поддерживаемая в основном самими индонезийцами, объясняет процесс исламизации деятельностью арабских мореплавателей. Наиболее известный ее сторонник — индонезийский богослов Хаджи Абдул Карим Амруллах, или Хамка. Существует также третья, персидская, теория, довольно похожая на вторую, с единственным отличием — главный акцент в ней делается на мореплавателях персидского происхождения. Чаще всего её сторонники (Хусейн Джаядининграт и Умар Амир Хусейн) используют культурологический подход в объяснении своей позиции. В статье также исследуется характер распространения религии на раннем этапе. Содержится описание первых мусульманских государств на территории Индонезии. Немалое внимание уделяется специфике индонезийского ислама
Long-term results of endovenous laser ablation of saphenous vein reflux: Up to nine years of follow-up
No full textIntroduction: Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has become the gold standard for the treatment of saphenous vein reflux. We report the long-term clinical and ultrasound results of EVLA. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent EVLA of saphenous vein over four years. Clinical results were assessed using venous clinical severity score (VCSS), and ultrasound results were classified according to Bush classification. Results: Over a median follow-up time of 4.4 years, 168 EVLA-treated patients showed a drop in VCSS from 4.38 to 1.39. Ultrasound results of 140 treated great saphenous veins showed that 64% had one or more cause of recurrence. The presence of neovascularization correlated well with the lack of improvement of VCSS. Conclusion: EVLA resulted in drop in VCSS from 4.38 to 1.39. Among 140 treated great saphenous veins, reflux in the anterior accessory saphenous vein was the primary cause (23.5%) of recurrence. © The Author(s) 2020
