326 research outputs found
Fences: the silently, sprawling network
No full textFrom fortified borders to decorative garden walls, fences form ubiquitous widespread networks that sprawl across the global terrestrial landscape. Fences and walls are one of the oldest tools used by people to manage other people and wildlife, e.g. by marking territorial boundaries, separating livestock from wild animals, or monitoring the movement of people through border controls. There is no reliable measure of extent of the global fence network, however it is estimated to be at least 10 times that of the global road network (Jakes et al. 2018), which is currently more than 64 million km (Dulac 2013), and expected to reach 90 million km by 2050 (Laurance et al. 2014). Despite the enormous extent of the fence network, fences are rarely subjected to environmental impact assessments, and the ecological impacts of fencing are severely underestimated and understudied (Jakes et al. 2018, McInturff et al. 2020, Buton et al. 2024). [...]Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. MB is supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG), Research Training Group ConFoBi (GRK 2123).Peer reviewe
Data for Inducing Fear using Acoustic Stimuli – A Behavioural Experiment on Moose (Alces alces) in Sweden.
No full textData for Bhardwaj M, Lodnert D, Olsson M, Winsvold A, Eilertsen S. M, Kjellander P, Seiler A. (2022). Inducing Fear using Acoustic Stimuli – A Behavioural Experiment on Moose (Alces alces) in Sweden. Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9492
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Indian look at European classic : Vishal Bhardwaj as the adaptor of William Shakespeare's dramas
No full textArtykuł jest analizą adaptacji dramatów Williama Shakespeare'a autorstwa Vishala Bhardwaja. Autor opisuje inne adaptacje szekspirowskie pojawiające się w indyjskiej kinematografii, następnie opisuje adaptację Makbeta, Otella i Hamleta.The article is an analysis of the adaptation of dramas William Shakespeare's made by Vishal Bhardwaj. The author describes other Shakespearean adaptations appearing in the Indian cinematography. The next describes the adaptation of Macbeth, Othello and Hamlet
Evaluating the impact of roads on insectivorous bats
No full text© 2017 Dr Manisha BhardwajRoads can have detrimental impacts on wildlife. They destroy and fragment habitat, animals face mortality as they attempt to cross the road, the noise from traffic can impede communication and foraging behaviour, and the list goes on. Understanding the ways in which roads affect wildlife is essential to developing effective mitigation strategies that reduce negative impacts, with the overall goal to conserve species. In this dissertation, I examine the ecological impacts of roads on insectivorous bats (henceforth, ‘bats’) in Victoria, Australia.
I used acoustic detection to quantify the activity of bats with proximity to three major freeways. I determined that bats tend to be less active in the first 200 m of habitat near a freeway, compared to the habitat 2000 m away from the freeway. Thus, the habitat within 200 m of a major freeway may be of lower quality, and consequently less suitable for bats. As such, it is important to consider the amount of habitat indirectly lost or degraded due to the road, when managing and conserving habitat for bats.
I quantified the change in nocturnal flying insect biomass with proximity to the same freeways as above. I determined that Orthoptera was the only order whose biomass increased with distance from the road. Nine other orders showed no change in biomass with distance from the freeway. These results suggest that insects do not experience an extended impact of roads, and it also suggests that the reduction in activity of insectivorous taxa near a freeway may not a result of a reduction in prey availability (unless their primary forage is Orthoptera). Extending this finding to the insectivorous bats studied in this thesis, it is unlikely that the reduced activity within 200 m of the freeway was due to a lack of prey. As such, it is important to continue to investigate the underlying cause of the reduction of bat activity near freeways in order to create and implement targeted mitigation strategies to reduce the road effect zone for insectivorous bats.
Again, using acoustic surveys, I quantified the activity of bats above and under two types of crossing structures: culverts and bridges. I determined that bats will fly under bridges more than above the freeway or under culverts. Thus, bridges provide a safe passage for bat to cross the freeway. I recommend that road agencies consider installing underpass bridges where possible to help maintain the connectivity of bats in the landscape.
Finally, I evaluated the influence of artificial lighting in crossing structures using acoustic detectors, in a Before-During-After-Control-Impact experimental design. I determined that bats will fly under crossing structures less when they are lit. These results are particularly useful for road agencies that are considering lighting crossing structures for co-use by humans at night, and I suggest that structures should not be lit because lighting reduce structure use by bats.
This dissertation highlights the importance of evaluating the impact of roads on insectivorous bats, and also the importance of determining the underlying cause of the impact to design targeted mitigation strategies
Human-Wildlife Conflicts Management: Prevention and Problem Solving, 2nd ed., Russell F. Reidinger, Jr. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland (2022). 272 pp., ISBN 978-1421445250, US$89.00 (Hardcover)
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Insectivorous bats are less active near freeways [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textTraffic disturbances (i.e. pollution, light, noise, and vibrations) often extend into the area surrounding a road creating a 'road-effect zone'. Habitat within the road-effect zone is degraded or, in severe cases, completely unsuitable for wildlife, resulting in indirect habitat loss. This can have a disproportionate impact on wildlife in highly modified landscapes, where remaining habitat is scarce or occurs predominantly along roadside reserves. In this study, we investigated the road-effect zone for insectivorous bats in highly cleared agricultural landscapes by quantifying the change in call activity with proximity to three major freeways. The activity of seven out of 10 species of bat significantly decreased with proximity to the freeway. We defined the road-effect zone to be the proximity at which call activity declined by at least 20% relative to the maximum detected activity. The overall road-effect zone for bats in this region was 307 m, varying between 123 and 890 m for individual species. Given that this road-effect zone exceeds the typical width of the roadside verges (<50 m), it is possible that much of the vegetation adjacent to freeways in this and similar landscapes provides low-quality habitat for bats. Without accounting for the road-effect zone, the amount of habitat lost or degraded due to roads is underestimated, potentially resulting in the loss of wildlife, ecosystem services and key ecosystem processes (e.g. predator-prey or plant-pollinator interactions) from the landscape. We suggest all future environmental impact assessments include quantifying the road-effect zone for sensitive wildlife, in order to best plan and mitigate the impact of roads on the environment. Mitigating the effects of new and existing roads on wildlife is essential to ensure enough high-quality habitat persists to maintain wildlife populations
Application of Fault Tree Analysis and Petri Net Modeling in Perishable Product Supply Chain
No full textRailkill data_Balule
No full textData used in study Mortality on the Tracks: Spatiotemporal patterns to rail-kill in the Balule Nature Reserve, South Africa (doi: 10.1002/wlb3.01167). Location data has been removed to protect location information of vulnerable species</p
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