1,720,954 research outputs found
Optimization of Bacterial Cell Culturing by Multiphysics Modeling
No full textBacteria are often used as host cells for the propagation of plasmid DNA and recombinant proteins for applications in bioprocess, biomedical, and genetic engineering and biochemistry. To ensure that only bacteria of interest are growing, the solid media (i.e., agar) is sterilized at 121°C and prepared in the presence of specific quantities of particular antibiotics during cooling. The cooled temperature at which the antibiotic is added to the media is crucial due to the propensity of thermal degradation. Typical approaches to addressing this issue fail to incorporate cooling environments, and direct measurement can pose contamination risks. A time dependent study of the heat transfer from sterilized media in the heated vessel to the environment has been conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics, coupling the kinetics of the thermal degradation of ampicillin or penicillin to viable antibiotic concentration. In effect, an optimal time to add the antibiotic is predicted. The vessel used to prepare agar is modeled as a beaker, and temperatures are predicted as the simulated agar cools to room temperature after which an average volume temperature and the final expected concentration of viable antibiotics over time are determined. The ease of determining accurate cooling times for agar preparation will allow for more precise concentrations of antibiotic in the agar, thus allowing for better experimental control in the quality and yield of product obtained from cell/bacteria cultures
Determination of the Radius of Fibrin Fibers for Wound Healing Applications Via the Carr-Hermans Method
Get PDFThe quantitative description of the structure of the biopolymer fibrin has implications in wound healing. As for any protein, the structure and morphology of fibrin is essential to its function and is conjectured to control specific aspects of the wound healing process. The wound healing process is comprised of four phases. During the initial stages of wound healing, fibrinogen and thrombin are introduced to the wound site to interactively produce fibrin fibers that provide a scaffolded structure for the wound environment [N. Laurens et al.]. As the wound healing process progresses, the fibrin fibers are enzymatically degraded and collagen fibers take the place of fibrin, ultimately resulting in the healed tissue after continued remodeling of the structure [JC Chaplin, KA Hajjar]. This enzymatic degradation of the fibrin fibers is termed fibrinolysis, a process which affects the breakdown of fibrin clots at a wound site and henceforth the healing of the skin and scarring of the tissue surrounding the wound site. The rate of breakdown of fibrin strands is affected by their structure, the thickness of the fibers being one factor affecting this process [DA Gabriel et al.]. This reveals the need for a procedure to determine the radius of the fibrin strands. This contribution will communicate a flowchart that guides one through the steps of acquiring and analyzing data to apply the Carr-Hermans Method, which leads to an estimate of the radius of the fibrin strands
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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