196,135 research outputs found
San Girolamo sui binari
No full textQuando, nel Quattrocento, la mano di Antonello ritrae il San Girolamo intento a
leggere, seduto su uno scranno ligneo posizionato al centro di una scena coperta
da archi gotici, di fatto si anticipa la necessità di uno spazio nello spazio utile al
lavoro intellettuale. Nel tempo corrente, tali luoghi connotano l’abitare urbano sia
nel privato che nelle silence-room delle cattedrali dedicate al transito. Le stazioni
ferroviarie, in particolare, nel loro imporsi come hub per lo scambio d’informazioni,
si propongono per il reperimento, al centro delle città, di cellule aggregabili destinate
a ri-significare il tema dell’attraversamento in tempo consono allo studio e
alla riflessione. Nel disegno, la stazione di Zagarolo si completa con spazi per il
lavoro posti al di sopra delle pensiline di attesa dei viaggiatori. Affacciati sui binari
essi compongono un principio iterabile teso a dare forma al rapporto tra la velocità
della connessione e la rete delle proprie relazioni
Decreasing handoff-related care failures in children\u27s hospitals
No full textBigham, M. T., Logsdon, T. R., Manicone, P. E., Landrigan, C. P., Hayes, L. W., Randall, K. H., . . . Sharek, P. J. (2014). Decreasing handoff-related care failures in children\u27s hospitals. Pediatrics, 134(2), e572-e579
Functional interactions of the Tax and p13 proteins of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I
No full textHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes a lifelong persistent infection in humans. Approximately 3% of the infected individuals will develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive malignancy of mature CD4+ T-cells. The viral protein Tax plays a major role in HTLV-1 pathogenicity by activating the NF-κB pathway. Tax activates both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, promoting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and transcription of genes that favour T-cell proliferation and survival. Our previous studies showed that the p13 protein of HTLV-1 enhances mitochondrial ROS production, resulting in activation of normal T-cells. ROS constitute a homeostatic rheostat that controls the activity of several key pathways, including the NF-κB pathway.Thus, we hypothesized that the effects of p13 on ROS production could affect the activation of the NF-κB pathway by Tax in primary T-cells.
The work described in the present thesis was aimed at testing the hypothesis that Tax and p13 might act in concert to activate the NF-κB signal transduction pathway in primary T-cells. To this end, we optimized a transfection protocol for primary T-cells using an innovative approach based on the electroporation of in vitro-transcribed RNA. Activation of the NF-κB pathway was then analysed by measuring expression of the NF-κB target genes CD25 and 4-1BB.
Results showed that the co-transfection of Tax and p13 resulted in a synergistic activation of the NF-κB pathway in primary T-cells measured as an increase in the expression levels of both CD25 and 4-1BB. In addition to being a transcriptional target of NF-κB, CD25 is also an early marker of T-cell activation. To further test the effects of Tax and p13 on cell activation, we measured CD38 expression by flow cytometry. Jurkat T-cells, which exhibit a constitutively activated CD38 positive phenotype, were used as a control. Results of this analysis confirmed the synergy of Tax and p13, although the effect was not so prominent as that observed for the CD25 marker, suggesting that, within the time frame of our experiments, Tax and p13 drove T-cells to an early-intermediate stage of activation.
Taken together, these findings suggest that, in contrast to the well-established role of Tax as an activator of the NF-κB pathway in tumor cell lines, in the context of normal T-cells, the induction of NF-κB target genes requires the concerted action of Tax and p13.
Current studies are aimed at verifying the ROS-dependence of this effect and testing the functional interaction of Tax and p13 in the context of the complete HTLV-1 genome using wild type HTLV-1 and a p13-knock-out HTLV-1 molecular clone. These experiments will be carried out in primary T-cells as well as in dendritic cells, which have recently emerged as an important target of the virus in vivo
Cellular responses to zirconia
No full textZirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is an inert ceramic with excellent physical properties so as to be called “ceramic steel.” Its first use in the orthopedics dates back to 1969 and since then has been continuously increasing in the construction of prosthetic implants. In recent years its use, for a good osseointegration and its esthetic characteristics, has increased in dentistry. In this chapter the authors analyzed the “aging” of zirconia and its biocompatibility, for example, the ability not to induce immune or adverse responses in the host organism. Specifically they evaluated the cellular response of zirconia in vitro and in vivo. The lack of carcinogenicity and locality and systemic toxicity combined with the strength of the material and its ability to promote osseointegration make this material an ideal coating of prosthetic implants. However, further studies are needed to improve the biomedical use of zirconia to improve surface configurations and prevent material aging
Soft and Hard Tissue Management in Implant Therapy–Part I: Surgical Concepts
No full textImplant therapy has become a reliable and predictable treatment alternative for the replacement of missing teeth with conventional removable and fixed partial dentures. Recently though, in the pursuit for improved esthetics, the literature has dedicated a considerable amount of its research on the successful maintenance and regeneration of the surrounding gingiva and bone, which are lost following extraction of a tooth. Thoroughly analyzing the anatomic situation and well-planned treatment has become a requirement, because incorrectly planned and positioned implants may jeopardize long-term esthetic and functional prognosis. In addition, many types of biocompatible materials, autogenous hard and soft tissue grafts, and different surgical techniques have been developed, and their viability has been investigated. As a result, implant specialists have gained a greater understanding of the dynamics and anatomical and biological concepts of the periodontium and peri-implant tissues both at the surgical and prosthetic phases of treatment, which contributes to better soft and hard tissue management (SHTM). This may further contribute to achieving a superior final result which is obtained by having a harmonious soft tissue profile, a correctly placed and contoured final restoration, and the reestablishment of masticatory function and phonetics
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