1,721,150 research outputs found
In Reference to The Comparative Diagnostic Capability of Large Language Models in Otolaryngology
Full text linkThe study by Warrier et al., "The Comparative Diagnostic Capability of Large Language Models in Otolaryngology," addresses the growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice. Using 100 clinical vignettes, the authors evaluated ChatGPT-3.5, Google Bard, and Bing-GPT4, demonstrating that ChatGPT-3.5 achieved a 95.7% accuracy rate, outperforming its counterparts. This underscores the diagnostic potential of large language models (LLMs) in otolaryngology, complementing recent studies highlighting ChatGPT-4's reliability in analyzing laryngeal images. However, performance variability among LLMs and the evolving nature of AI necessitate careful implementation and oversight. The study primarily focuses on diagnostic accuracy, omitting considerations of clinical reasoning and the potential for AI to augment rather than replace human expertise. Future research should incorporate measures evaluating the relevance and quality of AI-generated explanations, as explored by Zalzal et al., and adopt standardized tools such as the Artificial Intelligence Performance Instrument (AIPI) to enhance comparability. While the findings are promising, studies like this are critical for guiding responsible AI integration and identifying areas for improvement in medical applications. Warrier et al. provide valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of LLMs in otolaryngology, contributing to the ongoing discourse on AI's role in clinical decision-making
Presentation, radiologic features, and treatment options of congenital tongue tumors: a comprehensive review
Full text linkAIM: Congenital tumors of the tongue are rare in pediatric patients but encompass a diverse range of entities. Each tumor type exhibits distinct clinical behaviors, necessitating a precise approach to differentiating the tumor types and a tailored, tumor-specific treatment regimen. Advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion studies, play a vital role in differentiating benign and malignant tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the presentation, imaging features, and treatment of congenital tongue tumors. METHODS: A literature review was conducted by searching studies on congenital tongue tumors in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relevant data, such as clinical features, radiologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes for different tumor types, were extracted from the selected articles. RESULTS: Our literature review reveals the various entities of congenital tongue tumors, which can be categorized in terms of hereditary pattern, phenotype, and rarity. Congenital tongue tumors include a range of vascular malformations, such as hemangiomas, lymphatic malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and venous malformations. Another entity is represented by cystic lesions, including dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, ranulas, and mucous retention cysts. Rare malignant neoplasms include teratomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. These tumor types vary in terms of swelling, respiratory distress, or impaired oral function, depending on size and location. The detection of these tumors can be carried out using imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, which are utilized to facilitate diagnosis and differentiation. At present, surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, while other modalities may be adopted, depending on tumor type and extent. The prognosis of congenital tongue tumors can be affected by tumor's site, size, involvement of vital structures, and malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Given their diversity and complexity, congenital tongue tumors, albeit uncommon, require specialized clinical treatments tailored to each tumor type's characteristics. Understanding the variable presentations and imaging features enables accurate diagnosis, while customized treatment strategies are key to optimizing outcomes and minimizing morbidity in pediatric tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge aimed at enhancing differential diagnosis and management of these diverse entities
In Reference to Scintigraphic Imaging of Extra-Esophageal Manifestation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Full text linkpeer reviewe
Current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the elderly
Full text linkObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway that occur during the night. OSAS is a common disease in the elderly population with an estimated incidence of between 20% and 60% in people over the age of 65. Due to the high prevalence of OSAS in older people and considering the increase in the average age of the world population, it is essential to know how to diagnose and treat this disease in elderly patients
Audiological and vestibular evaluations in vitiligo patients
Full text linkThe aim of this paper was to investigate audiological abnormalities and potential vestibular injury in a sample of vitiligo subjects. Thirty-five patients with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) were enrolled in the study. They underwent pure tonal audiometry (PTA), vestibular Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test, C-VEM, and O-VEMP testing. The χ2 test and multiple regression analysis were performed. At PTA, 69% of patients presented with bilateral hearing loss, 8% monaural hearing loss, and 23% normal values. Bilateral caloric stimulations were performed and demonstrated that 14% of patients had a monolateral and 9% had a bilateral pathological response. VEMPs analysis showed that 20% of patients had no O-VEMPs response and 3% had no C-VEMPs response. Comparison between the normal values of healthy subjects and NSV patients showed an alteration of VEMPs in 44%. Multiple regression showed no statistical differences. We propose a specific diagnostic protocol employing PTA, bithermal caloric tests, C-VEMP, and O-VEMP testing to evaluate audio-vestibular damage. Our data were concordant with the anatomic-physiological melanocytic distribution and their possible degeneration linked with NSV
Five-Year Longitudinal Assessment of Self-reported COVID-19-Related Chemosensory Dysfunction
No full textThis study presents a five-year follow-up of 436 patients who experienced mild COVID-19 in early 2020, focusing on long-term smell and taste dysfunction. At the onset, 66.7% reported altered chemosensory perception. Although most recovered over time, 7.6% still reported dysfunction after five years. Recovery rates steadily improved, reaching 91.1% among those initially affected. Despite the improvements, persistent symptoms remain a concern for a subset of patients, highlighting ongoing quality-of-life and safety issues. The study underscores the need for long-term monitoring and potential rehabilitation strategies for chemosensory dysfunction. Limitations include self-reported data, no objective testing, and focus on pre-Omicron infections
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Precision treatment of post pneumonectomy unilateral laryngeal paralysis due to cancer
No full textAim: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of external laryngeal medialization acquired through a Gore-Tex implant in a 45 patients affected by unilateral vocal fold paralysis in abduction after pneumonectomy. Method: The cohort of patients was made up of 30 male (73.1%) and 11 female patients (26.9%) with an average age of 66.7 years in a range between 46 and 78 years. Results: The results were analyzed with the objective and subjective analysis of voicing and swallowing. In 95.2% of cases, voice and swallow improvement with statistically significant evidences. Conclusion: We can conclude that Gore-Tex implantation is a simple, reproducible and minimally invasive procedure for management of selected cases of vocal fold unilateral paralysis in the abductory position
Evaluating the Potential Correlation Between the Degree of Hearing Loss, Pretreatment Compromised Threshold, and Irreversibly Dead Cochlear Regions: Insights for Future Studies
Full text linkWe read with great interest the paper by Attia Askar et al titled “Discriminant Analysis of the Prognostic Factors for Hearing Outcomes
in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
The authors conducted a discriminant multivariate analysis to
investigate the predictive variables influencing audiological outcomes in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing
loss (ISSNHL) treated with intratympanic steroid (ITS) injections
- …
