486 research outputs found
Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Mangifera indica in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
No full textMembers of the Botryosphaeriaceae, in particular Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. mangiferum and Botryosphaeria dothidea, commonly cause stem cankers, dieback and stem end rot of mangoes worldwide. In the current study, eight taxa of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified as canker-associated fungi, pathogens, potential pathogens or endophytes of mangoes in the Kimberley, Australia. These include Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Ne. dimidiatum, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, P. ardesiacum, P. kimberleyense, Lasiodiplodia sp. 1, L. iraniensis and L. pseudotheobromae. The pathogenicity of a selection of these species toward fruit and branches was tested. All were pathogenic to mango in comparison to the control, with Lasiodiplodia spp. being the most pathogenic. It appears that either geographic isolation or the unique growing conditions in the Kimberley may have provided an effective barrier to the acquisition or establishment of known botryosphaeriaceous pathogens. Wounds caused by mechanical pruning may provide an entry point for infection, whilst severe pruning may increase plant stress
'Men Alone' as Outlaws? Hyde's 'Starkie', Lee and Lee's Porcello, and Mulgan's Johnson
No full textThe notion of 'criminal heroes', in the title originally submitted for the conference paper, offers some intriguing ironies, yet in investigating the protagonists, 'Starkie', aka James Douglas Stark, in Robin Hyde's Passport to Hell (1936), Albany Porcello, in John A. Lee's The Hunted (1936), and Johnson, in John Mulgan's Man Alone (1939), I came to see them rather as outlaws. The linking of the three works, and their authors, is neither arbitrary nor merely a matter of close dating: between March 1936 and June 1939 Hyde and Lee were carrying on a lively correspondence about their similar literary and social concerns, Hyde in 1935 had evidently been the author of a sympathetic review of Lee's first novel, Children of the Poor (1934), and may well have been influenced by it (at least in its providing her with a precedent); and also, as will be shown below, Mulgan's novel doubtless owed much to Lee's unpublished earlier writing. </jats:p
Richardson, Barbauld, and the construction of an early modern fan club
No full textMPhilMuch has been written about the life and long works of the eighteenth century epistolary novelist, Samuel Richardson, but the prospect of his position as the first celebrity novelist – responsible for courting his own fame as well as initiating his own fan club – has largely been ignored. The body of manuscripts housed at the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London provides the modern scholar with evidence of the skeletal beginnings of an early fan club. This thesis aims to show how these manuscripts were turned into a saleable commodity by the publisher and entrepreneur Richard Phillips, while under the guiding hand of another, slightly later, literary celebrity, Anna Laetitia Barbauld. In order to restore Richardson’s reputation amongst a new nineteenth century audience, Barbauld was required to construct her own idea of him as an eighteenth century celebrity author, and in doing so the insecurities of a self-professed, apparently diffident man, are revealed. Barbauld’s capacious, but heavily edited selection of letters is analyzed in this thesis, providing ample evidence that Richardson’s correspondents were more than just eager letter writers. By using Barbauld’s biography of Richardson this thesis aims to show how she manipulates the genre of life writing in her construction of him.
This thesis offers an alternative reading of how the Richardson manuscripts are viewed, redefining them as not simply a collection of letters, but as a collective entity, deliberately selected and archived as evidence of an early modern fan club, and its celebrity managing director
Investigation and analysis of taxonomic irregularities with the Botryosphaeriaceae
No full textMany members of Botryosphaeriaceae live as endophytes with a latent phase that can cause disease in native and non-native plant hosts around the world. The main Botryosphaeriaceae examined in this thesis included species in the Lasiodiplodia theobromae species complex, Neofusicoccum parvum-ribis species complex and Neofusicoccum australe. A combination of traditional morphology, pathogenicity trials, multiple gene phylogenies and microsatellite analyses were used to probe between and within species.
Within native bushland in the Kimberley, Western Australia, 13 taxa of the Botryosphaeriaceae were identified; Lasiodiplodia mahajangana was the most common species and was confirmed as a potentially significant pathogen of Adansonia gregorii. These fungi also colonised non-native Mangifera indica in the same region possibly displacing the exotic microflora of M. indica. Pathogenicity tests resulted in lesion development of mango fruit and excised stems.
Isolates in the N. parvum- ribis complex collected from eucalypt cankers in eastern Australia exhibited overlapping morphology and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis of four gene regions and application of the Genealogical Sorting Index to the same data set supported two new species. Consequently, the description of Neofusicoccum occulatum is presented. Neofusicoccum parvum has been recorded in 71 host species across six continents and 21 countries. Population data analysis of N. parvum populations reflects admixture and repeat introductions of new genetic material. No specific host associations were observed.
Evaluation of EF1-α molecular data amongst members of L. theobromae species complex suggests there are an additional four taxa and two potential hybrids. The 19 Lasiodiplodia taxa have been recorded in 56 host species, across six continents and 23 countries. Nine Lasiodiplodia taxa and one hybrid have been identified in Australia. Population analysis suggests the Kimberley populations are sexually reproducing with no discernable host restriction and display moderate genetic diversity.
Neofusicoccum australe is found across nine countries and 46 host species. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITSrDNA sequence identified a single dominant ITS haplotype found in most locations and another 12 rare to moderately rare haplotypes found in one to two locations. Using microsatellite markers, populations of N. australe were found to be highly diverse and there was no discernable host or habitat restriction. The dominance of N. australe in native forest throughout the southwest of Western Australia suggests that this species is endemic to this area.
The species studied in this thesis appear to be capable latent pathogens with no obvious restriction to host colonisation or habitat. Multiple species and multiple genotypes of one species can colonise small sections of a single host. Cryptic sympatric speciation is common despite no observable telomorphs. These species appear to be highly competitive and their endophytic life strategy appears to provide effective means for dissemination via asymptomatic host tissue, which could complicate quarantine efforts that typically rely on the visual presence of disease symptoms
Birdwatching: A Closer Look at the Imagery of Chopin and Lee
No full textAll birds tweet or chirp, but a mockingbird collects over 200 unique songs throughout its life and beautifully sings them for everyone to enjoy (Oldham). Not surprisingly, this can inspire some interesting symbolism. Kate Chopin is known for her use of bird imagery in The Awakening. The main character, Edna Pontellier, as well as a few other characters, are associated with several different birds throughout the novel. These associations are important in conveying the novel’s theme of flying against society’s ideals. I think another author to note who uses the image of a bird to convey a significant idea is Harper Lee. In Lee’s work, To Kill a Mockingbird, the title itself gives readers a picture of a bird. I believe that looking at the birds in The Awakening is a way to read important ideas in To Kill a Mockingbird
Affordability of fruits and vegetables and dietary quality worldwide
No full textRefers to:\ud
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Victoria Miller, Salim Yusuf, Clara K Chow, Mahshid Dehghan, Daniel J Corsi, Karen Lock, Barry Popkin, Sumathy Rangarajan, Rasha Khatib, Scott A Lear, Prem Mony, Manmeet Kaur, Viswanathan Mohan, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Rajeev Gupta, Annamarie Kruger, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Noushin Mohammadifard, Omar Rahman, Annika Rosengren, Alvaro Avezum, et al.\ud
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study\ud
The Lancet Global Health, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2016, Pages e695-e70
‘Novels are not Nonsense’: 1920s and 1930s New Zealand reflected through the Fiction of Jean Devanny and John A. Lee.
No full textJohn Mulgan’s Man Alone (1939) has often been considered by historians and literary scholars as ‘the fullest prose rendering of what the New Zealand twenties and thirties felt like.’¹ This thesis argues that other contemporary novels, specifically those of Jean Devanny (1894 – 1962) and John A. Lee (1891 – 1982), present equally rich sources of information for historians researching early twentieth century New Zealand. Devanny and Lee both wrote novels set in a contemporary context, all of which offer critiques relevant to aspects of New Zealand society. These works often draw on and comment on entrenched understandings of gender, class and race, and thus provide a nuanced and sophisticated picture of 1920s and 1930s New Zealand. In this sense, the novels enable meaningful insights into contemporary issues. As Devanny asserts, they are by no means ‘nonsense’, but highly valuable and useful considerations relevant to contemporary lives and issues.² This thesis stresses that the contradictions and intricacies found in the novels of these two authors, Devanny’s in particular, should be utilised by historians as they reflect on various issues in early twentieth century New Zealand. Indeed, what might they say about New Zealanders’ understandings of their national history if Devanny’s The Butcher Shop (1926) or Lee’s Children of the Poor (1934) was regarded by historians as the quintessential novel of the 1920s and 1930s instead of Man Alone
Science Museum in a Pizza Box - Performance, museum tour guiding, and science communication
No full textThis study focuses on the relationship between performance and museum tour guiding. Building on the analysis of this relationship, the author of this study has created a performance that is inspired by museum guided tours. The aim of the performance is to encourage a critical reflection on the role and the function of science in contemporary society, while giving insight into how science is socially constructed. The performance is based on participation. The participants define their own experiences, actively reflecting on the value that science has in their lives through a dialogue with the other participants and the performer. This dialogue starts with exhibits based on science that are presented to the participants. To develop this performance, this research has utilised action research, and qualitative methods to explore the participants’ experiences of the performance.
This study is interdisciplinary, and connects performance studies, museum studies and science communication, while using applied research to explore its topics.
The outcomes of this study are an innovative conceptualisation of the museum guided tour, and an original approach to science communication based on dialogic, live performance
Truth in Fiction: Storytelling and Architecture
No full textCurrent discourse on architectural narrative suggests that a series of events or impressions of space
can be ‘read’ through a sequencing of spaces and views within a building. It is presumed that a
building is read in the same way as a sequence of shots in a film. In this model, architects set up a
narrative which is played out through a careful construction of viewpoints and events. In practice this
can lead to the manipulation of spatial experience at the sacrifice of individual interpretation, as
maintaining the narrative compromises spatial experience. This stems from the fundamental
difference between how we experience architecture as opposed to more traditional narratives in
printed or pictorial media. The experience of space is not a linear one, nor is it bound by a strict
timeline which follows from cause to effect. Unlike a novel, where the author has complete control
over the pacing and focus of each scene, the architect cannot rely on others to interpret his exact
intentions, or on his architecture remaining true to a single narrative over time.
This research is about storytelling in architecture. Specifically, how we might better use narratives to
play to the strengths of our medium. From examining current practices in publicly establishing
narratives, to investigating the work of John Hejduk, this work examines how architectural narratives
have been constructed in the past, and whether this has been successful. Using an analysis of three
works of fiction: The Library of Babel by Jorge Luis Borges, The Castle by Franz Kafka and The
House of Leaves by Mark Z Danielewski; I analyse the various uses of the architectural metaphor in
fiction and how these fictional spaces have been used as characters within their individual narratives.
I use design to develop a process which takes a basic house plan and applies a non-linear narrative
to it. This narrative is not concerned with a single interpretation. This process creates spaces imbued
with the stories of the novels studied, and of my role as designer. Yet they may also be reinterpreted
again by a new viewer to give a kind of immortality to the story. The architecture continually adapts itself to new experiences and understandings. Finally, I argue that we do have the ability to use storytelling within architecture to enrich our spaces
without resorting to the manipulation of the user. If we return to the cyclic and layered model of storytelling, as opposed to the linear structure of narrative, then our buildings will not only tell our stories more clearly, but also for longer as they appeal to the changing fashions, experiences and applied narratives of the people who use them, remaining relevant to the world of experience
Reading acts of narrative appropriation: four instances of fraudulent memoir
No full textPhDThis thesis examines acts of narrative appropriation, the telling of purportedly‘authentic’ life stories by those for whom the stories are not theirs to tell. This
misuse or subversion of genre - the discipline of historical writing and the category
of autobiography - becomes a means for cultural, social and political dissimulation,
and the analysis focuses both on the act: the event, trespass, or ‘theft’ of another’s
life story, and on the cultural meaning that this event reveals. These narrative acts
are approached theoretically through discussions of what it means to be an author, a
reader, and through the consideration of literary and social genre, category and form.
In exploring identities at particular risk of appropriation, this thesis shows how
fraudulent appropriated narratives affect our reading of the world, and in turn
influence our perception of already marginalized social groups. My primary
examples include prostitution ‘narratives’, Native North American ‘memoir,’ and
fraudulent Holocaust survivor ‘testimony,’ with each text providing decoded
evidence of ‘genre-bending’ exhibiting a social and political intent. These works
seek to be read as authentic personal narratives, as autobiography, and that is how
they have been presented to the reader. However, they are imposters – fictional tales
desiring the elevated status of historical authenticity and willing to bend the rules
and contracts of genre to achieve their end. Here the appearance of authenticity is
achieved through the use of cultural and social ‘myth,’ or perceptions of cultural
identity, and as such its fraudulent construction is first and foremost a social act,
with a social and economic motivation. As this thesis concludes, these texts are
most successful when their own political and social ideologies echo and confirm that
of the readership; when their subjects, the fraudulent ‘I’ at the center of the text is
also a performative elaboration of cultural belief
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