1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effect of evidential impact on perceptual probabilistic reasoning
Full text linkFor decades, works in psychology of thinking and decision making have been reporting suboptimal performance and systematic departures from the axioms of probability theory in people’s probability judgments. In these first works, poor performance was often attributed to people making normatively wrong intuitions because of their limited cognitive resources and lack of statistical skills. Over the last years, studies that considered various Bayesian models of inductive reasoning but also other high and lower-level cognitive processes provided a more optimistic picture by showing that, despite departing from the normative benchmark, people’s reasoning skills lead to adaptive and sound performance in everyday life. Different explanatory accounts for this suboptimal but sound reasoning have been proposed, some being more compelling than others. The present thesis is aimed at exploring one of these accounts that is based on confirmation relations and suggests that human inductive ability might rely more on estimating evidential impact than posterior probability. So far, this account has been applied to classical probabilistic reasoning errors, linguistic and psycholinguistic phenomena and probabilistic inferences with verbal stimuli. In this study, we tried to see whether the implicit estimation of confirmation relations can affect probability judgments also when the link between evidence and hypotheses is operationalized as the arbitrary association between visual features in briefly presented figures. First, we expected participants to consider confirmed hypotheses more probable than corresponding (in terms of posterior probability) disconfirmed ones; second, we expected them to choose the more likely option (i.e. the normatively correct one) more often when it was confirmed by the evidence provided than when it was disconfirmed. Four computer-based experiments were conducted using the same methodology. Experimental stimuli consisted of inductive arguments concerning 40 sets of figures composed of two features with two possible values each. By varying the probabilistic association between the two values of the features, sets were generated to have, for each possible combination of the two features, two arguments with the same posteriors and opposite impacts. In each trial, participants first looked at a set of figures. One of these figures was then randomly drawn. Participants were informed about the value of one feature of the drawn figure (e.g., that it was a “circle”) and had to guess the value of the other feature (“white” vs. “black”).
Throughout the four experiments, we used three different combinations of features: color and shape (exp.1: black/white; exp 2: light/dark grey), pattern and shape (exp 3) and type and orientation of line (exp 4).
In all four experiments, participants systematically chose the confirmed alternative over the equally probable, but disconfirmed one, and chose the normatively incorrect (i.e. less likely) alternative more often when it was confirmed (vs. disconfirmed) by the evidence provided. These results provided a first empirical evidence of the effect of confirmation relations on probability judgment with perceptual stimuli, but also highlighted a significant influence of the experimental material itself on choice patterns. In fact, in experiments 1 to 3 the obtained results showed that color (or pattern) was a more compelling evidence than shape in determining participants’ choices. The combination of line curvature and orientation used in experiment 4 proved to be the more balanced among those employed in the present research. Only in this last experiment, indeed, the type of evidence did not affect the choice for the confirmed alternative, nor the amount of errors. The results we found supported our experimental claims showing that confirmation relations can affect probability judgments even in absence of any semantic element, but also suggested the existence of a mutual influence between perceptual features and probability judgments. Our experimental results have theoretical as well as applied implications. On a theoretical level, they extend the results coming from works involving verbal and linguistic material to perceptual stimuli with no semantic background. Additionally, they show that high-level relations, which are completely unknown to the subject, affect the way people perceive relations within a visual set of perceptual items. This might have interesting and noteworthy implications for studies on visual cognition, and, on a broader level, contingency learning and stereotypical judgments
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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