629 research outputs found
Managing Mixed Economies
No full textThe impact of the institutions of party government on the determination of public policy is an area of research which must be regarded as a crucial component of democratic political analysis. Its significance is immediately apparent if we pose questions linking the key institutional structure of western democratic societies with the major policy issues confronting those societies: Are party government regimes more or less successful than others in dealing with issues such as inflation, unemployment, welfare, the security of the realm and environmental pollution? Yet, despite its significance, the nexus between institutions and policy outcomes has, until recently, been largely ignored by academic political science. Policy determination has been analysed without reference to the institutional matrix within which it occurs, and government institutions have been discussed without reference to their ability to formulate policies. In this way, a most important problem of political analysis has been largely overlooked. To understand the fundamental nature of modern societies and the role of government within them, we need to ask how diverse governmental institutions differ in their ability to cope with "problems" and what determines their capacity to resolve those problems.--Preface V
--FRANCIS G. CASTLES, FRANZ LEHNER and MANFRED G. SCHMIDT, Introduction 1
--MANFRED G. SCHMIDT, The Politics of Labour Market Policy. Structural and Political Determinants of Rates of Unemployment in Industrial Nations
--FRANZ LEHNER, The Political Economy of Distributive Conflict 54
--HANS KEMAN, Welfare and Warfare. Critical Options and Conscious Choice in Public Policy 97
--JORG STEINER and ROBERT H. DORFF, Analyses of Decision Cases 142
--LI KLAUS SCHUBERT, Politics and Economic Regulation 169
--FRANCIS G. CASTLES, Comparative Public Policy Analysis: Problems, Progress and Prospects 197
--Subject Index 22
The New World of B2B Sales : the Effects of Digitalization of B2B Sales Processes at the Example of the Automotive Industry in Europe in a Post-COVID-19 Setting
No full textAuthor Laura Lehner, BAMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2023Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
The New World of B2B Sales : the Effects of Digitalization of B2B Sales Processes at the Example of the Automotive Industry in Europe in a Post-COVID-19 Setting
No full textAuthor Laura Lehner, BAMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2023Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Managing Mixed Economies
No full textDigitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in Open Access in 2021 for research or private study purposes.Indice
Preface - 1
FRANZ LEHNER - 54
Welfare and Warfare Critical Options and Conscious Choice - 97
JlRG STEINER and ROBERT H DORFF - 142
KLAUS SCHUBERT - 169
FRANCIS G CASTLES - 197
Subject Index - 22
Targeted delivery of advanced functionality by nanomaterials : focus on nucleic acids delivery by novel block copolymers
No full textAbstract: Smart drug delivery systems are versatile examples of successful nanomedicine with
potential in diagnostics and medical therapy. The thesis presents selected
approaches in current drug delivery systems in the (pre-)clinical trials, and deals with
potential side effects, including complement activation and hypersensitivity reactions
as well as the design requirements of the delivery systems. Furthermore, it presents
approaches of cationic block copolymers, which are capable to condense negatively
charged nucleic acid molecules such as plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) and
small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) with the aim of efficient cell gene delivery
and specific gene suppression, respectively.
The first part addresses the transfection efficiency of circular versus linearized
plasmid DNA using a green fluorescent protein expressing vector with Lipofectamine
2000 and linear 25 kDA polyethylenimine (PEI). These results show a considerably
improved transfection efficiency with the circular compared to the linearized DNA for
the two transfection reagents. The electron microscopy images with Lipofectamine or
PEI demonstrate that the circular DNA gives rise to random coil appearance of
compact, spherical shape, while linearized DNA appear as worm-like strands.
Particle size and shape are important in the cell biology of endocytosis and
phagocytosis. The findings indicate that the shape of the transfection particle is vital
for successful gene transfer.
To develop a delivery system for gene therapy, two cationic diblock copolymers
consisting of primary and tertiary amines were synthesized and analyzed with
respect to DNA condensation properties, morphology of the condensed plasmid DNA
and transfection efficiency using two cell lines. This study revealed proof-of-concept
showing an order of magnitude lower transfection efficiency of primary amine diblock
copolymers compared to PEI after 48 h with increasing plasmid DNA concentration.
Furthermore, primary amines compared to tertiary ones show much stronger binding
to DNA and improved transfection efficiency. Transmission electron and atomic force
microscopy data revealed morphologies of primary and tertiary amines regarding the
condensation of the plasmid DNA, in agreement with the transfection efficiency.
In a second part the design and characterization of pentablock-based polyplexes
based on the combination of cationic pentablock copolymers with folic acid
functionalized copolymers for targeted specific siRNA delivery is described. The
achieved 31 % knockdown efficiency shows its potential regarding cancer gene
therapy. The pentablock architecture allows the formation of highly stable
micelleplexes of (21 ± 3) nm in 10 mM PBS buffer solution with a neutral surface
charge, excellent siRNA condensation properties, outstanding colloidal stability in
10 % serum over 24 h and biocompatibility deduced from the absence of
considerable cytotoxicity even after 48 h incubation. Furthermore, selective delivery
of the siRNA could be proven by the introduction of a ligand-linked block copolymer,
resulting in 31 % compared to 8 % gene suppression for targeted a non-targeted
micelleplexes. This pentablock-based delivery system might yield impact to future
delivery systems as well as being a potential platform to be applied in vivo for cancer
gene therapy. ---------- Zusammenfassung
Innerhalb des Bereichs der Nanomedizin weisen intelligente Wirkstoffabgabesysteme
ein großes Potenzial auf, sowohl hinsichtlich der Diagnostik wie auch der
medizinischen Therapie. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt im Rahmen einer
Literaturrecherche ausgewählte Wirkstoffabgabesysteme vor, welche sich in (vor-)
klinischen Studien befinden, den Nebenwirkungen welche durch diese entstehen
können, im speziellen der Komplementaktivierung und Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen,
sowie deren Konstruktionsanforderungen. Des weiteren werden in einem
experimentellen Teil kationische Block-Kopolymere präsentiert, welche in der Lage
sind, negativ geladene Nukleinsäuremoleküle zu binden - wie etwa Plasmid
Desoxyribonukleinsäure (pDNA) und kleine interferierende Ribonukleinsäuren
(siRNA) - mit dem Ziel der Transfektion von fremder DNA in die Wirtszellen und
damit der spezifischen Unterdrückung der Genexpression.
Der erste Teil der experimentellen Arbeit untersucht die Transfektionseffizienz von
zirkulärer gegenüber linearisierter Plasmid-DNA mittels eines Vektors, welcher ein
grün fluoreszierendes Protein exprimiert. Transfiziert wurde einerseits mit
Lipofectamine 2000 und andererseits mit linearem 25 kDa Polyethylenimin (PEI),
zwei etablierten Transfektionsreagenzien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine wesentlich
verbesserte Transfektionseffizienz der zirkulären, verglichen mit der linearisierten
DNA für beide Transfektionsreagenzien. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Bilder von
Lipofectamine sowie PEI komplexiert mit DNA zeigen, dass die zirkuläre DNA
zufällige, kompakte Kugelformen bildet, während die linearisierte DNA wurmartige
Stränge aufweist. Partikelgröße und -form spielen in der Zellbiologie eine wichtige
Rolle bei der Endozytose und Phagozytose. Die Ergebnisse legen die Vermutung
nahe dass die Form der zu transfizierenden DNA-Transfektions-Komplexen eine
wichtige Rolle einnimmt für einen erfolgreichen Gentransfer.
Für die Entwicklung eines intelligenten Wirkstoffabgabe-Systems für die Gentherapie
wurden zwei kationische Diblock-Kopolymere, die aus primären und tertiären Aminen
bestehen synthetisiert und im Hinblick auf deren DNA-Kondensationseigenschaften,
Morphologie der kondensierten Plasmid-DNA sowie Transfektionseffizienz unter
Verwendung von zwei Zelllinien analysiert. Die Studie bestätigt trotz einer um den
Faktor 10 schwächeren Transfektionseffizienz der primären Amin-DiblockKopolymeren
im Vergleich zu PEI nach 48 h mit zunehmender pDNA Konzentration
eine Bestätigung des Konzepts. Außerdem weisen die primären Amin-Block-
Kopolymere im Vergleich zu den tertiären eine viel stärkere Komplexbildung der DNA
auf - wie transmissions-elektronen- und rasterkraft-mikroskopische Daten ergaben -
als auch eine verbesserte Transfektionseffizienz. Diese physikalischmorphologischem
Erkenntnisse über die Kondensation der primären und tertiären
Amine mit Plasmid-DNA konnten mittels der biologischen Transfektionseffizienzdaten
validiert werden.
Der zweite Teil der experimentellen Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Design sowie der
Charakterisierung von pentablock-basierten Polyplexen für einen gezielten siRNA
Transport. Diese Polyplexe beruhen auf einer Kombination von kationischen
Pentablock-Kopolymeren mit folsäure-funktionalisierten Kopolymeren. Die erreichten
31% Gen-Suppression in einem Krebszellkulturmodell, zeigen das Potenzial des
Wirkstoffabgabesystems in Bezug auf eine Krebstherapie auf. Die Architektur
ermöglicht die Bildung von sehr stabilen Mizellen mit einer Grösse von (21 ± 3) nm in
10 mM PBS Pufferlösung, eine neutrale Oberflächenladung, ausgezeichneten siRNAKondensationseigenschaften,
hervorragender kolloidaler Stabilität in
Zellkulturmedium supplementiert mit 10 % Serum über 24 h, sowie guter
Biokompatibilität aufgrund fehlender erheblicher Zytotoxizität auch nach 48 h
Inkubation in einem Zellkulturmodell. Ferner konnte durch die Einführung eines
liganden-gebundenen Block-Kopolymers der selektive Transport der siRNA
nachgewiesen werden, was zu einer Gen Suppression von 31% gegenüber 8% nicht
funktionalisierter Polyplexen führte. Das in dieser Arbeit eingeführte und
charakterisierte pentablock-basierte Wirkstoffabgabesystem könnte Auswirkungen
auf das Design zukünftiger Wirkstoffabgabesystem haben als auch als eine
potentielle Plattform für in vivo-Krebsgentherapien angewendet werden
Oregon's high-tech sector / posted by: Josh Lehner
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on July 22, 2022).Converted from HTML.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Why Oregon's labor market is tighter than you think
No full textby: Gail Krumenauer, Oregon Employment Department, and Josh Lehner, Office of Economic Analysis.Title from PDF caption (viewed on April 26, 2021).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Stereo Evaluation of ALOS/PRISM Data on ESA-AO Test Sites - First DLR Results
No full textDLR's Remote Sensing Technology Institute has more than 20 years of history in developing spaceborne stereo scanners (MEOSS, MOMS) and the corresponding stereo evaluation software systems. It takes part in the ESA/JAXAAO Program to evaluate the performance and potential of the three-line stereo scanner PRISM (Panchromatic Remotesensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) and the multispectral imaging sensor AVNIR-2 onboard the Japanese satellite ALOS as a principal investigator. French (near Marseille), German (near Munich) and Spanish (near Barcelona) test sites are proposed. In this paper, the process of direct georeferencing according to JAXA is shown and the results are presented. The geolocation accuracy improved immensely. For the newest dataset, ground control points (GCPs) are no
longer obligatory, but useful. Rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) are generated using DLR software. Thereby, oscillations in the orientation angles in the order of up to one pixel on the ground occurred in the older datasets. These oscillations can not be compensated by an RPC-based approach, however, in the newer dataset, they are no longer existent. The coregistration of forward, nadir and backward view is examined and DSMs are generated and analyzed
MATCHING OF HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL DATA TO A SHADED DEM
No full textOne of the first essential steps in the analysis of satellite imagery is the orthorectification of the images. Orthorectification without ground control points (GCPs) using only the ephemeris and attitude data provided by the satellite operator provides an absolute accuracy of about 20 m to 1 km (depending on the satellite), which can be improved by measuring precise GCPs. In this paper, a method to obtain GCPs from an existing digital elevation model (DEM) is described and assessed. Since at least the SRTM DEM is available worldwide, DEMs could serve as a valuable additional source for the generation of GCPs. Furthermore, several planned and ongoing missions will increase the availability and accuracy of DEMs or stereo imagery respectively, e.g. ALOS, Tandem-X, etc
Comparison of DSM generation methods of urban areas from IKONOS images
No full textIn this paper two methods, an area based matching and a so called
dynamic line warping, for generating digital surface models
(DSMs) from IKONOS image pairs are compared and their limitations
and usability for the rapid generation of good DSMs are
discussed. The new dynamic line warping method is based on
techniques used in speech recognition for warping corresponding
epipolar lines of the stereo images onto each other in order to
extract so parallaxes and object heights. One critical parameter for
the derivation of DSMs is the convergence angle of the two stereo
images. A small convergence angle gives similar images with
smaller parallaxes and is better for area based matching
techniques but is said to result in larger height errors and lacks of views
from vertical features like walls. A large convergence angle -
as used in the standard stereo products of most satellite image
providers - on the other hand leads in urban areas to many
features hidden in one or the other image and very different
viewing conditions leading to more problems for intensity based
matching. Therefore three IKONOS scenes with different
convergence angles are used and the results are
compared qualitatively
- …
