323,036 research outputs found
Low temperature synthesis and thermodynamic stability of fluorpyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3F at 5-65°C abstract /
No full textTyt. z nagłówka.Pozostali autorzy artykułu: Monika Kwaśniak-Kominek, Maciej Manecki, Tomasz Bajda.Fluorpyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3F belongs to the pyromorphite group of minerals which are isostructural with apatites. Their structure allows for variety of substitutions in both cationic and anionie positions. The purpose of this study is low temperature synthesis, mineralogical and thermodynamic characterization of fluorpyromorphite (FPY) and determination of its solubility product based on the results obtained from the dissolution experiment. FPY was synthesized by dropwise mixing of solutions containing Pb(NO3)2, K2HPO4 and NaF at 25°C. The only product of synthesis is FPY within the detection limits of X-ray diffraction. Calculated unit cell parameters are a = 9.7427 Å, c = 7.3216 Å. Homogeneous character of the precipitate was confirmed further with the use of scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution experiments were conducted in triplicates, open to the air, at 5, 25, 45°C and 65ºC and at pH = 2.0. An aliquot of about 250 mg of FPY was placed in 250 mL of 0.05 M KNO3 with the pH adjusted using 0.1 M HNO3. Periodically taken samples were analyzed for [Pb] using atomic absorption spectrometry AAS as well as for [PO4] and [F] using colorimetry. Calculations of solubility products were performed with the aid of computer program PHREEQC with modified MINTEQ thermodynamic database. The activities of ionic species were calculated from measured concentrations of elements (assuming stoichiometric dissolution) with application of extended Debye-Huckel equation.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.KEYWORDS: Fluorpyromomorphite, FPY, low temperature, synthesis, thermodynamic stability
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Metavolcanics of Nordenskiöld Land from SW Svalbard as an example of new ocean crust abstract /
No full textTyt. z nagłówka.Pozostali autorzy artykułu: Abigail K. Barker, Maciej Manecki, Jarosław Majka, Jerzy Czerny.This study concerns late Neoproterozoic metavolcanics from southwestern Svalbard in an investigation to trace the evolution of oceans plate rifting. A number of outcrops of these rocks are connected with the regional Torellian unconformity, which is associated with a Late Neoproterozoic orogenesis event - post 640 Ma. This unconformity divides the younger metasediments of the Sofiebogen Group from older metasedimentary sequence of the Deilegga Group. Samples have been collected from Nordenskiöld Land belonging to the Sofiebogen Group, which is situated between Bellsund and Isfjorden, to the north of Wedel Jarlsberg Land. Field observation reveals that these metavolcanics very often occur as a pillow lavas and lavas. They contain mineral assemblages typical for greenschist facies metamorphism such as: actinolite, chlorite, epidote, albite, but some of them contain garnets and glaucophane, which is typical for blueschist facies conditions. Based on a total alkali silica diagram they are classified as tholeitic basalts. Spider diagram shows patterns similar to MORB, where the REE are flat. The LILE except Sr are depleted, but this depletion is caused probably by metamorphism. However, the metavolcanics of Nordenskiöld Land are also relative depleted in HFSE (Th/Yb = 0.2-0.31 and Nb/Yb = 2.9-4.4) and LREE (Lan/Smn = 1.0-1.5). Trace elements like Nd, Th, Yb and La show trends that could be associated with fractional crystallization. The geochemical character of metavolcanics from Nordenskiold Land, as well as, their forms (pillow lavas) suggests that they created beneath the sea level, as new ocean crust.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.KEYWORDS: Neoproterozoic, metavolcanics, Nordenskiöld Land
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
HP metamorphism recorded by kyanite-garnet gneisses in the Kåfjord Nappe, Northern Norway - preliminary results abstract /
No full textTyt. z nagłówka.Pozostali autorzy artykułu: Jarosław Majka, Karolina Kośmińska, Maciej Manecki, Jerzy Czerny.Art. jest abstr. referatu z konferencji.Bibliogr. s. 152-153.Scandinavian Caledonides are Himalaya-type mountain belt consisting of allochthons that are a result of the Ordovician-Silurian collision of Baltica and Laurentia (Gee et al. 2008). The Skibotn Nappe Complex, traditionally ascribed to the Upper Allochthon (but possibly being a part of the Middle Allochthon) is situated in northern Norway. It consists of the Normandsvik, Kåfjord and Vaddas nappes (Anderson et al. 1992). The Kåfjord Nappe has not been fully examined, so the information about the age and metamorphic conditions are lacking. The main goal of this project is to provide a new data about peak metamorphic conditions to which the Kåfjord Nappe has been exposed and to compare them with possible equivalents within the Scandinavian Caledonides. Three samples of kyanite-garnet gneisses from different parts of the Kåfjord Nappe have been studied. All of them contain similar mineral assemblage. Progressive paragenesis occurs in lenses and contains garnet, kyanite, quartz, white mica, biotite, plagioclase, rutile and opaque minerals. Retrogressive paragenesis contains similar minerals with additional presence of chlorite. Two generations of garnet, white mica and biotite are present. Garnet I occurs as large poikiloblasts up to 6 mm in diameter with abundant variably sized inclusions, whereas garnet II is smaller (up to 1 mm) with less numerous inclusions. Biotite and white mica appear as flakes conformable with the main foliation and as transversal blasts. Kyanite occurs as transversal blasts up to 5 mm in size, with moderate number of inclusions. All the observations mentioned above suggest that these rocks were probably subjected to at least two metamorphic events, one of which could have happened under high pressure conditions. On the basis of chemical composition of minerals and rocks bulk chemistry, thermodynamical modeling will be performed and peak temperature and pressure as well as the retrogressive paths will be determined. Similarities in lithologies and the inferred grade of metamorphism suggest that, in contrast to the previous correlations, the studied gneisses from the Kåfjord Nappe may be an equivalent of the Seve Nappe Complex described by Hacker & Gans (2005).Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.KEYWORDS: mountain, belt, Upper Allochthon
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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