119,516 research outputs found
Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China
No full textBackground
The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella (previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated, with one (L. seebohmi) to four (L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised.
Methods
We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex.
Results
We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and (wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria (western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L. montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5-0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically.
Conclusions
We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species, which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces. The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli
Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textBackground The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella (previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated, with one (L. seebohmi) to four (L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised. Methods We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex. Results We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and (wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria (western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L. montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5-0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically. Conclusions We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species, which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces. The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli
Impacto de los medios sociales en la reputación corporativa: propuesta de un nuevo acercamiento metodológico
No full textEl propósito de este trabajo es proponer un nuevo enfoque teórico y metodológico al estudio sobre la forma en que las conversaciones en los medios sociales afectan la reputación corporativa. Se propone construir un modelo, en varios niveles, de la relación entre la comunicación online y la reputación de las compañías, usando una prestigiada línea de investigación relativa al impacto mediático que usa la perspectiva teórica aplicada al estudio de fenómenos sociales complejos (McCombs et. al, 1997; Weaver et al., 2004). Este enfoque es también consistente con las prácticas de investigación en el área de manejo de la reputación y relaciones públicas (Carroll and McCombs, 2003; Fombrun and Van Riel, 2003; Downing, 2001; Safon, 2009; Einwiller et al., 2010)
The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions
No full textHigh occupational level is associated with poor response to the treatment of depression: A replication study
No full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and inability to work. There is evidence that occupational factors may precipitate a MDD episode and interfere with the recovery process. In a previous investigation, we found that those employed in high occupational levels had a worse outcome after treatment for depression (Mandelli et al., 2016). The aim of the present study was to further investigate response to treatments for depression according to occupational status on an independent sample of MDD patients. Six hundred and forty-seven (647) subjects with a stable working occupation were taken from a larger independent sample of MDD patients evaluated for response and resistance to treatment for depression, after at least one adequate treatment trial. Three broad occupational categories were considered: ‘manager’ ‘white-collar’ ‘blue-collar’ and ‘self-employed’. Managers had the highest rate of non-response and resistance to treatments. White-collar workers also had high non-response and resistance rates. At the opposite, Blue-collar workers had significantly lower rates of non-response and resistance. Self-employed were in between White- and Blue-collar workers and did not significantly differ from the other occupational categories. The findings of this replication study substantially support our previous observations. MDD patients employed in high-middle occupations may have a less favorable outcome after standard treatments of depression. Working stressful condition and other psychosocial factors at work should be investigated more closely in relation to treatment outcomes in MDD
The Cloninger’s model of personality in Alcoholism: a brief review of experimental studies.
No full textIt has been hypothesized that personality of alcoholics is different in some way from that of individuals who are not alcoholic. The Cloninger’s biosocial theory of personality was an original contribution as it described two types of personality (Type I/Type II) associated with alcoholism. A number of studies investigated this model and the personality dimensions described by his bio-social theory, particularly novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA), in alcoholic patients. The aim of the present paper was to summarize results coming from the experimental studies that so far addressed this model in alcoholism. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and references of selected articles. The Type I/Type II model received some confirmation: studies consistently reported NS mostly associated with alcohol abuse in young alcoholics with antisocial traits and an early onset, while HA was associated with alcohol problems mainly in subjects with anxious-depressive symptoms. In conclusion, different personalities may lead to alcohol abuse: not only antisocial types, but also anxious-depressed types. Thus there is no alcoholic personality; at most, alcoholism shares with other psychopathology a higher proportion of individuals with antisocial behaviour and/or proneness to negative emotionality
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in younger adults: a retrospective study of 133 cases.
No full textClinical and biological data have been evaluated, using both univariate and Cox's multivariate statistical analyses, in a series of 133 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with a mean age of 46.6 years (range 31-50). In univariate analyses, anemia (Hb less than 13 g/dl), peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytosis (greater than 40 x 10(9)/l) and bone marrow (BM) lymphocytosis (greater than 80 per cent) were shown to be of significant prognostic value. Multivariate analysis, through a forward stepwise procedure, showed that the most important and independent variable is the BM lymphocytosis. These results are different from those obtained in previous studies and particularly in a recent identical study performed by the same Cooperative Group on 1777 patients with a mean age of 64.2 years (Mandelli et al., 1987). No significance can be demonstrated in stratifying this series of younger patients according to different staging methods (Rai et al., 1975; Binet et al., 1981b; Mandelli et al., 1987). Therefore this population of CLL patients, with less than 50 years of age, has risk factors quite different from classical CLL. The results of the present study show that the diagnostic approach to B-CLL in younger adults must be more complete: using the common diagnostic criteria, established staging systems appear to be inadequate in this series of younger patients
Genetics Basis of Impulsivity: The Role Serotoninergic and Dopaminergic Genes
No full textThe aim of the present chapter is to summarize the current knowledge of genetic basis of impulsive behaviours, which occur across several neuropsychiatric disorders. Impulsivity most frequently characterizes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, binge eating, personality disorders, suicidal behavior, with important ramifications for everyday functioning and quality of life.
The existence of a genetic component and inheritance of impulsivity has been largely demonstrated in families and twins studies. Moreover, in the last years, molecular genetic studies have been considerably increased, reporting several positive associations between genetic variants and impulsivity, particularly as regard genes involved in serotonin and dopaminergic pathways. Indeed, the role of serotonin in impulsivity is well recognized and dopamine system is the neuronal substrate mediating behavioural inhibition.
However, the concept of impulsivity covers a wide range of "actions that are poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation and that often result in undesirable outcomes" and may be thus made up of several independent factors.
Though varieties of impulsivity, inconsistency in definition and measure, in different psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions, in the present chapter we will review genes most consistently associated with impulsivity in both healthy individuals and patients affected by major psychiatric or personality disorders
I picnic siciliani della valle del Tempio
No full textRiflessione su una serie di workshop internazionali di progettazione architettonica e paesaggistic
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