1,720,987 research outputs found
Book review. Prabha Kotiswaran: Dangerous Sex, Invisible Work. Sex Work and the Law in India
No full textThis contribution provides a book review of the text "Dangerous Sex, Invisible Labour. Sex Work and the Law in India" written by Prabha Kotiswaran and published in 2011
Not all Madams Have a Central Role: Analysis of a Nigerian Sex Trafficking Network
No full textThis article applies social network analysis to a case study to analyze the role of madams in an Nigerian sex trafficking network. Using relational data on telephone conversations, the main centrality measures are calculated. They are interrelated with the roles of all the members of the network. The analysis confirms the importance of madams already highlighted by many academics, but surprisingly it also shows that not all madams are equally central in terms of their brokerage positions. Indeed, two different groups of madams are identified according to their betweenness centrality, which is the measure that best reveals the strategic positioning of the nodes within a network. The content analysis and description of the madams’ ego networks demonstrate that the main requirements for occupying a brokerage role are (i) being able to operate also outside Italian borders, and (ii) being at the same time part of relational systems involving “transnational” people whose action extends beyond national borders
Allum Felia, Longo Francesca, Irrea Daniela and Kostakos Panos A. (eds): Defining and Defying Organized Crime. Discourse, perceptions and reality
No full textThis contribution provides a book review of the text "Defining and Defying Organized Crime. Discourse, perceptions and reality" edited by Allum Felia, Longo Francesca, Irrea Daniela and Kostakos Panos A. in 2010
Are Protection Policies for Human Trafficking Victims Effective? An Analysis of the Italian Case
No full textSince the 1990s trafficking in human beings has increasingly become a priority in the international and European policy agenda. The international community took action against it with the United Nations Protocol against Trafficking (2000), the Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005) and the Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims. In the same period the number of studies and researches on it has increased. Nevertheless, some of the most important research questions remain almost unanswered. In particular, there is a paucity of data about the effectiveness of the policies against human trafficking. This paper provides some knowledge in this field. In particular it presents some considerations on the effectiveness of the Italian policies on the protection of and assistance to victims in the period 2000-2008. The data analysis suggests that the effectiveness varied across years and that the entry of Romania in the European Union, apparently, had an impact on the phenomenon and on the policies effectiveness. The lesson to be learned is that under the umbrella of human trafficking very different situations, changing across time and countries, coexist. In order to be effective a national policy should be capable of a) planning actions which take into account the national characteristics of human trafficking; b) monitoring whether and how the phenomenon has changed and change the policies accordingly
Options for Enhancing Operational Instruments in the Area of Firearms Trafficking. Final Report of Project ECOFIT
No full textProject ECOFIT aims to enhance operational cooperation between Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) in the fight
against firearms trafficking across the 27 EU Member States (MSs) and seven non-EU SELEC MSs (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey). It analyses five operational instruments that have been selected as indicators of international cooperation, namely: mechanisms for data collection, mechanisms for data sharing, National Firearms Focal Points (NFPs), joint criminal investigations and controlled delivery procedures. Based on the findings of the Project, it provides recommendations for the EU and guidelines for LEAs concerning how to better put into action these instruments and how to more effectively reduce, prevent and tackle illicit trafficking of firearms offences.
In order to achieve its objectives, Project ECOFIT conducts five impact assessments (one for each of the operational
instruments included in the analysis). The methodology utilises the Better Regulation “Toolbox” of the European
Commission (European Commission 2017)
Estimating the Revenues of Sexual Exploitation: Applying a New Methodology to the Italian Context
No full textThis chapter presents a methodology which allows to estimate the revenues of the sexual exploitation market, both outdoor and indoor, at subnational level. It is applied to the Italian context. The findings suggest that the revenues are not equally distributed across regions since they depend on different criminal opportunities and levels of demand
Policy Implications - Presenting Policies to Tackle Cigarette Trafficking
No full textThis booklet constitutes the sixth chapter of the ITTP NEXUS in Europe and Beyond Report. It presents the emerging implications that may guide policy makers, regulators and LEAs to devise strategies to combat and prevent cigarette smuggling within and among the countries included in the analysis. The booklet is divided into six sections. Each section outlines the key policy implications associated with one of the six explanatory factors affecting cigarette trafficking: political, geographical, regulation and enforcement, socio-economic, cultural, and criminal. Some of these factors concern macro problems:• conflicts and political instability for political factors;• high unemployment rates for economic factors;• high level of corruption, presence of active OCGs and terrorist groups for criminal factors.These macro problems require a holistic approach when working towards a solution. The suggested policies propose broad strategies to address the issues.The other factors are directly related to cigarette trafficking. The corresponding suggested policies are specifically tailored to fill the apparent gaps in the current approaches, methods and regulations in the fight against cigarette trafficking
Fighting lllicit Firearms Trafficking Routes and Actors at European Level. Final Report of Project FIRE
No full textStarting from the collection and analysis of data available from open sources (e.g. newspaper articles and police and customs press releases) published from January 2010 to March 2015, the report represents an exploratory study on demand, supply and illicit market of the trafficking of firearms in the EU. Based on the results obtained, it also provides recommendations on how to improve the fight against and the prevention of this illicit trade
Trafficking in human beings
No full textThe contribution provides a short overview of the trafficking in human beings, the actors involved and the existing estimates
SEX TRAFFICKING AND ETHNICITY: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF ETHNIC NETWORKS IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR PROSTITUTION IN ITALY
No full textQuesta tesi ha come scopo quello di investigare la relazione tra etnicità, modalità di commissione del crimine e struttura relazionale di differenti reti etniche coinvolte nella tratta per sfruttamento sessuale. E’ realizzata un’analisi di due reti criminali dell’Africa occidentale e di due dei Balcani mediante l’applicazione di due metodi: la crime script analysis e l’analisi di rete. I risultati ottenuti sono stati uniti per capire come le relazioni tra gli individui sono distribuite all’interno della cornice criminale. Da ultimo, i casi studio sono stati comparati per verificare se esiste una relazione tra etnicità e tratta per sfruttamento sessuale, anche indipendentemente dall’ambito di sfruttamento. I risultati mostrano che l’etnicità ha un impatto sulla tratta per sfruttamento sessuale. In particolare, influenza il modus operandi e le caratteristiche socio-biografiche degli attori che operano nelle reti impegnate nello stesso ambito di sfruttamento. Se sono considerati differenti ambiti di sfruttamento, messi in atto sia dallo stesso che da differenti gruppi etnici, l’etnicità non sembra influenzare né le modalità di commissione del crimine né le caratteristiche dei soggetti. Infatti, anche l’ambito di sfruttamento indoor/outdoor sembra essere rilevante. Al contrario, la struttura relazionale e la relazione tra questa e le modalità di commissione del crimine non sembrano essere influenzate dall’etnicità.This thesis aims at investigating the relationship among ethnicity, modalities of crime commission and relational structure of different ethnic networks involved in sex trafficking. A case study analysis of two West African and two Balkan networks is carried out by the adoption of two methods: crime script analysis and social network analysis. A merger of the results obtained in these analyses is performed in order to understand how relationships among individuals are distributed within the criminal framework. Finally, the case studies are compared to verify whether a relationship exists between ethnicity and sex trafficking, also apart from the field of exploitation. The results show that ethnicity has an impact on sex trafficking. In particular, it influences modi operandi and the socio-biographical characteristics of the members of the networks operating in the same field of exploitation. If different fields of exploitation are considered, both carried out by same or different ethnic groups, ethnicity appears to affect neither the modalities of crime commission nor the features of the people. Indeed, also the outdoor/indoor exploitation context seems to be relevant. Conversely, the relational structure and the relation between the latter and the modalities of crime commission do not seem to be affected by ethnicity
- …
