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Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato 2002
No full textOrder Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 We formally accept the new taxonomic status (rank elevation) of the previous suborder Spongillina as the new order Spongillida. The definition and diagnosis (emended after Manconi & Pronzato 2002: 921– 922 and Manconi & Pronzato 2011: 348) are here confirmed in part; we simply erase “ Haplosclerida with” from the beginning of the diagnosis; we add strongyles among megascleres, and we anticipate the presence of the earliest fossil of the taxon at the Upper Carboniferous. We also add a final sentence which states: “The order Spongillida is cosmopolitan in freshwater and brackish water and it is absent only from Antarctica.” The rank elevation of the suborder Spongillina to the order Spongillida was proposed by Cárdenas et al. (2012) and Morrow & Cárdenas (2015), confirming the monophyly of freshwater sponges on the basis of both morphological (Manconi & Pronzato 2002, 2011) and molecular analyses (Itskovich et al. 1999, 2007, 2008; Addis & Peterson 2005; Meixner et al. 2007; Redmond et al. 2007; Morrow et al. 2012; Morrow & Cárdenas 2015). Summarizing, from a morphological point of view, Spongillida are characterised by a skeletal architecture of monaxonid spicules (oxeas, styles, and strongyles) organized in isotropic/anisotropic networks of mono- to multi-spicular fibres, with scanty to abundant spongin. Microscleres are often present. Megascleres present as smooth, tubercled to variably spiny monaxons. The presence of resting bodies named gemmules is a trait shared by most families, genera, and species (ca 89%). Gemmules are a key diagnostic trait at genus and species levels. The closest taxon is the marine order Haplosclerida.Published as part of Ruengsawang, Nisit, Sangpradub, Narumon, Artchawakom, Taksin, Pronzato, Roberto & Manconi, Renata, 2017, Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand, pp. 1-24 in European Journal of Taxonomy 260 on page 5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.260, http://zenodo.org/record/377635
Figure 10 in An overview on the freshwater sponge fauna (Demospongiae: Spongillida) of New Zealand and New Caledonia with new insights into Heterorotula from deep thermal vents of the Lake Taupo
No full textFigure 10. Heterorotula kakauensis. (A–F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago).Published as part of Pronzato, Roberto & Manconi, Renata, 2019, Journal of Natural History 53 (35) on pages 2207-2229, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1694716, http://zenodo.org/record/365489
Discovery of living Potamolepidae (Porifera: Spongillina) from Nearctic freshwater with description of a new genus
No full textCopeland, John, Pronzato, Roberto, Manconi, Renata (2015): Discovery of living Potamolepidae (Porifera: Spongillina) from Nearctic freshwater with description of a new genus. Zootaxa 3957 (1): 37-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.
FIGURE 6. Pectispongilla gagudjuensis n in Australian freshwater sponges with a new species of Pectispongilla (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spongillida)
No full textFIGURE 6. Pectispongilla gagudjuensis n. sp. (A–B) dry specimens (NTM ZOO 4339 and NTM ZOO 4338, respectively) on their own substratum from a dry creek in the Arnhem Land, Kakadu National Park; (C–D) NTM ZOO 4340, dry specimens after scraping by scalpel, showing the peculiar structure of the hollow sponge body with a single apical aperture together some gemmules. Scale bar is the same in C–D.Published as part of Manconi, R., Cubeddu, T. & Pronzato, R., 2016, Australian freshwater sponges with a new species of Pectispongilla (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spongillida), pp. 61-76 in Zootaxa 4196 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/16767
Cherokeesia Copeland, Pronzato & Manconi, 2015, n. gen.
No full textGenus <i>Cherokeesia</i> n. gen. <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Cherokeesia</i> diverges from all the other known genera of the family Potamolepidae for diagnostic traits of the gemmules and skeleton. See species diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The genus name (feminine) is derived from the valiant and proud North American native people known as the Cherokee (possibly from the <i>Choctaw Cha-la-kee</i> meaning “people of the mountains” or <i>Chi-luk-ikbi</i> meaning “people of the cave country”).</p>Published as part of <i>Copeland, John, Pronzato, Roberto & Manconi, Renata, 2015, Discovery of living Potamolepidae (Porifera: Spongillina) from Nearctic freshwater with description of a new genus, pp. 37-48 in Zootaxa 3957 (1)</i> on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/288551">http://zenodo.org/record/288551</a>
Metania madagascariensis Manconi and Pronzato, sp. nov.
No full textMetania madagascariensis Manconi and Pronzato sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Holotype. MSNG 57788 (schizotype DISTAV-FW 752), MADAGASCAR, Haute Matsiatra Region, River Matsiatra, 21 ° 25 ' 36.1092 "S, 47 ° 9 ' 23.7054 "E, tributary of the higher River Mangoky basin, Central High Plateau, between Fianarantsoa North and Ambalakely, under a bridge along the highway Route Nationale n° 7, station MAD 28, R. Manconi leg., 25 /ix/ 2011. P aratype. MSNG 57789 (schizoparatype DISTAV-FW 753), same data as holotype. Other material. DISTAV-FW 754, DISTAV-FW 755, same data as holotype. Comparative material. Tubella rhodesiana Lake Ishiba Ngandu (ex-Lake Young, Rhodesia), C.K. Ricardo leg. 13.viii.1936, 5 m depth, (holotype BMNH 1938.2. 25.1, schizotype DISTAV-FW 432); ibid., 13.i. 1937, 2.5–3 m depth (paratypes BMNH 1938.2. 25.5, BMNH 1938.2. 25.7, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 609, DISTAV-FW 610 respectively); ibid. (topotypes BMNH 1938.2. 25.2, BMNH 1938.2. 25.3, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 632, DISTAV- FW 611 respectively). Metania innominata L. Ishiba Ngandu, C.K. Ricardo leg., 9.v. 1936, (Holotype BMNH 1938.2. 25.8, schizotype POR- FW 608). Spongilla brieni Congo, Lake Upemba, P. Brien leg., viii. 1937, Burton 1938 det. (holotype MRAC 201, schizotype DISTAV-FW 490). Metania brieni Lake Upemba, Congo (BMNH 1938.2.1.2– 13. IIIA, fragment DISTAV-FW 614). Metania lissostrongyla Lukula River (BMNH 1938.2. 3.3, fragment DISTAV-FW 633); Leopoldville, H. Schouteden leg. (BMNH 1938.2. 3.7, fragment DISTAV-FW 612); Metania schoutedeni E. Dartevelle leg. (MRAC 1006, fragment DISTAV-FW 372); Metania schoutedeni Leopoldville, 1937, A. Tinant leg. (paratype MRAC 142, schizotype DISTAV-FW 373); Metania vanryni Kinshasa, E. Dartevelle leg. (holotype MRAC 1008, schizotype DISTAV-FW 481); Metania vesparia Angola, coll. Mission A. Powell-Cotton (BMNH 1938.5. 10.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 430); E. Dartevelle leg. (BMNH 34.9. 12.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 443). Parametania godeauxi, Katanga, Luapula River at the mouth of the Kafubu River, J. Godeaux leg., viii. 1963, (schizotype MRAC 1312, DISTAV- FW 480 slides and stubs). Etymology. The specific epithet madagascariensis is derived from the name of Madagascar this being the only species of the genus Metania reported from the island. Diagnosis. Smooth oxeas as main megascleres (α), slender and short oxeas as β megascleres, gemmular cage of α megascleres present to absent. Description. Growth form encrusting to cushion-like. Consistency hard and fragile both in vivo and dry condition. Colour whitish to dark brown both in vivo and dry condition. Surfac e conulose with acute (1–1.5 mm in height), dense conules (0.5–1.5 mm apart) with apical tufts of oxeas to support more or less rounded areas of the translucid dermal membrane. Oscules scattered, circular, small (0.5–2 mm in diameter). Inhalant apertures scattered in the dermal membrane. Ectosomal skeleton densely armed by microscleres tangentially arranged in the dermal membrane, supported by tips of ascending pauci-spicular fibres, arranged in a superficial network of irregular polygonal, mono- to pauci-spicular meshes (300–600 µm in diameter). Subectosomal skeleton with short pauci- to multi-spicular ascending fibres up to the ectosome to support conules. Choanosomal skeleton irregularly alveolate network of pauci- to multi-spicular (stout smooth oxeas) polygonal meshes (ca. 0.5 mm in diameter) supported in some areas by extremely dense assemblages of microscleres. Spongin scanty, except for the gemmular theca and the basal spongin plate. Basal spongin plate well developed, tangentially armed by megascleres as stout, smooth oxeas and by microscleres as spiny oxeas. Megascleres oxeas of two types smooth and spiny, abruptly pointed to acerate. Type 1 (α and β megascleres) abundant smooth oxeas (255–387 x 10–30 µm), stout, straight to notably bent, with acute, abruptly pointed tips; rare styles also present, probably freak. Type 2 (β megascleres) less abundant acanthoxeas (120–178 x 5–8 µm) entirely spiny by scattered small spines of same dimension; spines in the central portion of the shaft with a few microspines (2–5) in rosettes, and simple spines sometimes more dense towards the abruptly pointed tips (more abundant in paratype MSNG 57789). Rare, slender, smooth oxeas (155–345 x 5–18 µm) slightly bent, with acerate tips also present. Very thin, smooth oxeas (53–103 µm in length) probably belong to larvae. Microscleres acanthoxeas (55–128 µm in length) ranging from 8–12 µm in thickness with tubercles/spines, to 3–5 µm in thickness not considering spines height, bent to straight with sharp, abruptly pointed tips, and less frequently with blunt tips; entirely spiny by dense, small spines, and with in the central portion of the shaft variably long, stout, straight, less dense tubercles/spines bearing rosettes of dense microspines at their tips. Gemmular cage absent or as an assemblage of stout, smooth oxeas (megascleres); microscleres of the skeleton frequently present around gemmules. Gemmules singly scattered in the skeletal meshes, very rarely grouped, subspherical, large (450–500 µm in diameter), sometimes collapsed in dry condition. Foramen (50–70 µm in diameter) well evident with a simple collar surrounded sometimes by an undulated circular lamina to with a short vase-like tubule. Gemmular theca trilayered (ca. 50 µm in thickness). Outer layer of compact spongin variably developed with emerging distal knob-like tips (pseudorotule) of radially embedded gemmuloscleres. Pneumatic layer fibrous, not chambered, as a network of thin spongin fibres/trabecules arranged as more or less rounded meshes with a variable diameter ranging from large at the distal portion of the theca to smaller at the proximal one towards the inner layer. Inner layer of compact sublayered spongin strictly in contact with proximal rotules of partly overlapping gemmuloscleres. Gemmuloscleres arranged in a single layer with proximal rotule strictly adhering to the inner layer and distal pseudorotule emerging from the theca, tubelliform/ trumpet-like (32–55 µm in length) with straight shaft (4–5 µm in thickness), variably spiny (up to 10 spines/ tubercles with microspines) to less frequently smooth, with proximal true rotules (18–23 µm in diameter) with irregular blunt margins, and distal, knob-like pseudorotules (5–10 µm in diameter) sometime umbonate, with a few hooks at the margins. Habitat. M. madagascariensis sp. nov. inhabits the Central High Plateau at an altitude ca. 1000 m asl under a bridge crossing the River Matsiatra, within the higher River Mangoky hydrographic basin tributary of the Mozambico Canal. The new species matches the tropical rain forests range, although forests are now relictual in the area. The survey of ca. 50 pebbles performed in the watercourse (ca. 10 m wide) at the end of the dry season (late September) resulted in the discovery of scattered but not abundant sponges at 5–70 cm of depth under submerged boulders and pebbles in brown, silty shallow water along the seasonally flooded riverside. Active sponges, both young and small to old and large bear gemmules in late September. Specimens of the new species were associated, also on the same substratum, with almost two other presently unidentified species of Spongillina (Manconi et al. in prep.). Bryozoans and aquatic insects (larvae and adults) were also present. Geographic distribution. M. madagascariensis sp. nov. belongs to the Afrotropical group of Metania and is known until now from the type locality. Remarks. We consider the differences in the microtraits of the spicular complement displayed by the studied specimens from Madagascar as intraspecific phenotypic variability. Diverging diagnostic traits of the new species vs. all the other species of Metania are clearly shown in Fig. 2.Published as part of Manconi, Renata, Cadeddu, Barbara & Pronzato, Roberto, 2015, Adaptive morpho-traits, taxonomy and biogeography of Metania Gray, 1867 (Porifera: Spongillina: Metaniidae) with the description of a new species from Madagascar, pp. 39-56 in Zootaxa 3918 (1) on pages 45-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/28783
Metania madagascariensis Manconi and Pronzato, sp. nov.
No full textMetania madagascariensis Manconi and Pronzato sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Holotype. MSNG 57788 (schizotype DISTAV-FW 752), MADAGASCAR, Haute Matsiatra Region, River Matsiatra, 21 ° 25 ' 36.1092 "S, 47 ° 9 ' 23.7054 "E, tributary of the higher River Mangoky basin, Central High Plateau, between Fianarantsoa North and Ambalakely, under a bridge along the highway Route Nationale n° 7, station MAD 28, R. Manconi leg., 25 /ix/ 2011. P aratype. MSNG 57789 (schizoparatype DISTAV-FW 753), same data as holotype. Other material. DISTAV-FW 754, DISTAV-FW 755, same data as holotype. Comparative material. Tubella rhodesiana Lake Ishiba Ngandu (ex-Lake Young, Rhodesia), C.K. Ricardo leg. 13.viii.1936, 5 m depth, (holotype BMNH 1938.2. 25.1, schizotype DISTAV-FW 432); ibid., 13.i. 1937, 2.5–3 m depth (paratypes BMNH 1938.2. 25.5, BMNH 1938.2. 25.7, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 609, DISTAV-FW 610 respectively); ibid. (topotypes BMNH 1938.2. 25.2, BMNH 1938.2. 25.3, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 632, DISTAV- FW 611 respectively). Metania innominata L. Ishiba Ngandu, C.K. Ricardo leg., 9.v. 1936, (Holotype BMNH 1938.2. 25.8, schizotype POR- FW 608). Spongilla brieni Congo, Lake Upemba, P. Brien leg., viii. 1937, Burton 1938 det. (holotype MRAC 201, schizotype DISTAV-FW 490). Metania brieni Lake Upemba, Congo (BMNH 1938.2.1.2– 13. IIIA, fragment DISTAV-FW 614). Metania lissostrongyla Lukula River (BMNH 1938.2. 3.3, fragment DISTAV-FW 633); Leopoldville, H. Schouteden leg. (BMNH 1938.2. 3.7, fragment DISTAV-FW 612); Metania schoutedeni E. Dartevelle leg. (MRAC 1006, fragment DISTAV-FW 372); Metania schoutedeni Leopoldville, 1937, A. Tinant leg. (paratype MRAC 142, schizotype DISTAV-FW 373); Metania vanryni Kinshasa, E. Dartevelle leg. (holotype MRAC 1008, schizotype DISTAV-FW 481); Metania vesparia Angola, coll. Mission A. Powell-Cotton (BMNH 1938.5. 10.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 430); E. Dartevelle leg. (BMNH 34.9. 12.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 443). Parametania godeauxi, Katanga, Luapula River at the mouth of the Kafubu River, J. Godeaux leg., viii. 1963, (schizotype MRAC 1312, DISTAV- FW 480 slides and stubs). Etymology. The specific epithet madagascariensis is derived from the name of Madagascar this being the only species of the genus Metania reported from the island. Diagnosis. Smooth oxeas as main megascleres (α), slender and short oxeas as β megascleres, gemmular cage of α megascleres present to absent. Description. Growth form encrusting to cushion-like. Consistency hard and fragile both in vivo and dry condition. Colour whitish to dark brown both in vivo and dry condition. Surfac e conulose with acute (1–1.5 mm in height), dense conules (0.5–1.5 mm apart) with apical tufts of oxeas to support more or less rounded areas of the translucid dermal membrane. Oscules scattered, circular, small (0.5–2 mm in diameter). Inhalant apertures scattered in the dermal membrane. Ectosomal skeleton densely armed by microscleres tangentially arranged in the dermal membrane, supported by tips of ascending pauci-spicular fibres, arranged in a superficial network of irregular polygonal, mono- to pauci-spicular meshes (300–600 µm in diameter). Subectosomal skeleton with short pauci- to multi-spicular ascending fibres up to the ectosome to support conules. Choanosomal skeleton irregularly alveolate network of pauci- to multi-spicular (stout smooth oxeas) polygonal meshes (ca. 0.5 mm in diameter) supported in some areas by extremely dense assemblages of microscleres. Spongin scanty, except for the gemmular theca and the basal spongin plate. Basal spongin plate well developed, tangentially armed by megascleres as stout, smooth oxeas and by microscleres as spiny oxeas. Megascleres oxeas of two types smooth and spiny, abruptly pointed to acerate. Type 1 (α and β megascleres) abundant smooth oxeas (255–387 x 10–30 µm), stout, straight to notably bent, with acute, abruptly pointed tips; rare styles also present, probably freak. Type 2 (β megascleres) less abundant acanthoxeas (120–178 x 5–8 µm) entirely spiny by scattered small spines of same dimension; spines in the central portion of the shaft with a few microspines (2–5) in rosettes, and simple spines sometimes more dense towards the abruptly pointed tips (more abundant in paratype MSNG 57789). Rare, slender, smooth oxeas (155–345 x 5–18 µm) slightly bent, with acerate tips also present. Very thin, smooth oxeas (53–103 µm in length) probably belong to larvae. Microscleres acanthoxeas (55–128 µm in length) ranging from 8–12 µm in thickness with tubercles/spines, to 3–5 µm in thickness not considering spines height, bent to straight with sharp, abruptly pointed tips, and less frequently with blunt tips; entirely spiny by dense, small spines, and with in the central portion of the shaft variably long, stout, straight, less dense tubercles/spines bearing rosettes of dense microspines at their tips. Gemmular cage absent or as an assemblage of stout, smooth oxeas (megascleres); microscleres of the skeleton frequently present around gemmules. Gemmules singly scattered in the skeletal meshes, very rarely grouped, subspherical, large (450–500 µm in diameter), sometimes collapsed in dry condition. Foramen (50–70 µm in diameter) well evident with a simple collar surrounded sometimes by an undulated circular lamina to with a short vase-like tubule. Gemmular theca trilayered (ca. 50 µm in thickness). Outer layer of compact spongin variably developed with emerging distal knob-like tips (pseudorotule) of radially embedded gemmuloscleres. Pneumatic layer fibrous, not chambered, as a network of thin spongin fibres/trabecules arranged as more or less rounded meshes with a variable diameter ranging from large at the distal portion of the theca to smaller at the proximal one towards the inner layer. Inner layer of compact sublayered spongin strictly in contact with proximal rotules of partly overlapping gemmuloscleres. Gemmuloscleres arranged in a single layer with proximal rotule strictly adhering to the inner layer and distal pseudorotule emerging from the theca, tubelliform/ trumpet-like (32–55 µm in length) with straight shaft (4–5 µm in thickness), variably spiny (up to 10 spines/ tubercles with microspines) to less frequently smooth, with proximal true rotules (18–23 µm in diameter) with irregular blunt margins, and distal, knob-like pseudorotules (5–10 µm in diameter) sometime umbonate, with a few hooks at the margins. Habitat. M. madagascariensis sp. nov. inhabits the Central High Plateau at an altitude ca. 1000 m asl under a bridge crossing the River Matsiatra, within the higher River Mangoky hydrographic basin tributary of the Mozambico Canal. The new species matches the tropical rain forests range, although forests are now relictual in the area. The survey of ca. 50 pebbles performed in the watercourse (ca. 10 m wide) at the end of the dry season (late September) resulted in the discovery of scattered but not abundant sponges at 5–70 cm of depth under submerged boulders and pebbles in brown, silty shallow water along the seasonally flooded riverside. Active sponges, both young and small to old and large bear gemmules in late September. Specimens of the new species were associated, also on the same substratum, with almost two other presently unidentified species of Spongillina (Manconi et al. in prep.). Bryozoans and aquatic insects (larvae and adults) were also present. Geographic distribution. M. madagascariensis sp. nov. belongs to the Afrotropical group of Metania and is known until now from the type locality. Remarks. We consider the differences in the microtraits of the spicular complement displayed by the studied specimens from Madagascar as intraspecific phenotypic variability. Diverging diagnostic traits of the new species vs. all the other species of Metania are clearly shown in Fig. 2.Published as part of Manconi, Renata, Cadeddu, Barbara & Pronzato, Roberto, 2015, Adaptive morpho-traits, taxonomy and biogeography of Metania Gray, 1867 (Porifera: Spongillina: Metaniidae) with the description of a new species from Madagascar, pp. 39-56 in Zootaxa 3918 (1) on pages 45-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/28783
Coping with brackish water: A new species of cave-dwelling Protosuberites (Porifera: Demospongiae: Suberitidae) from the Western Mediterranean and a first contribution to the phylogenetic relationships within the genus
No full textMelis, Paolo, Riesgo, Ana, Taboada, Sergio, Manconi, Renata (2016): Coping with brackish water: A new species of cave-dwelling Protosuberites (Porifera: Demospongiae: Suberitidae) from the Western Mediterranean and a first contribution to the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Zootaxa 4208 (4): 349-364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20834
Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus
No full textStocchino, G. A., Corso, G., Manconi, R., Casu, S., Pala, M. (2005): Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus. Journal of Natural History 39 (22): 1947-1960, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500060025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022293050006002
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