1,720,973 research outputs found
Physiology-based run-to-run adaptation of insulin to carbohydrate ratio improves type 1 diabetes therapy: Results from an in silico study
No full textThe insulin to carbohydrate ratio (CR) is a parameter used by patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to calculate the pre-meal insulin bolus and compensate postprandial glucose excursion. However, CR is known to vary over time, within and between days, hence tracking its variations is important for optimizing glucose control. Physicians periodically tune this parameter, by trial and error, based on empirical guidelines and patient's diary, but contemporary diabetes technology has the potential to move to CR adaptation. The aim of this work is to propose an algorithm to adapt patient's CR to physiological and/or behavioral changes based on minimally-invasive everyday-life technology data. We developed a run-to-run (R2R) algorithm for CR adaptation exploiting a physiology-based method for CR optimization. The algorithm retrospectively evaluates the quality of glycemic control and proposes, every 2 days, an adaptation of patient's CR by using patient's minimally-invasive data. The performance of the algorithm was assessed in silico using the single-day University of Virginia/Padova T1D simulator (Visentin et al., J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018) which incorporates a model for intra-day variability of insulin sensitivity and dawn phenomenon. The feasibility and robustness of the algorithm was tested in a 35-day scenario (7 days of run-in), with 3 meals per day, in 100 in silico subjects by including inter-day variability of insulin sensitivity (Toffanin et al., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018) together with suboptimal CR or basal insulin infusion rate. Different values of the R2R gain (lambda) were tested, ranging from pmb0 to 1. In all simulations, CR adaptation improves glycemic control in a significant percentage of virtual subjects, within 5 weeks. Moreover, the method was safe also in case of suboptimal insulin infusion rate. Based on simulation results, a good compromise between safety and efficacy was achieved with lambda between 0.5 and 1. The proposed R2R algorithm for CR adaptation proved to be effective in silico. These results need to be confirmed clinically. The method can potentially be used in conjunction with algorithms for basal insulin adaptation and/or closed-loop control
Glucose Controlin Type 2 Diabetes: In Silico Study of Sub-Optimal Adherence to Insulin Therapy
No full text
In Silico Cloning of Target Type 2 Diabetes Population for Treatments Development and Decision Support
No full textTherapies for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involve a variety of medications, depending on the stage of T2D progression. It is now an accepted knowledge that in silico trials can help to accelerate drug development and support treatment optimization. A T2D simulator (T2DS), consisting of a model of the glucose-insulin system and an in silico population describing glucose-insulin dynamics in T2D subjects, has been recently developed based on early-stage T2D data, studied with sophisticated experimental techniques. This limits the domain of validity of the simulator to this specific sub-population of T2D. Here we proposed a method for tuning the T2DS to any desired T2D target population, e.g. insulin-naïve (i.e., not experienced with insulin) patients, without the need to resort to complex and expensive clinical studies. This will allow to use the T2DS for testing treatments in the target population. To illustrate the methodology, we used a case study: extending the T2DS to reproduce the behavior of insulin-naïve T2D subjects. The methodology described here can be extended to other stages of T2D, allowing an extensive in silico testing phase of different treatments before human trials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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