1,721,127 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sources and transport of sediments in the eastern Taiwan Strait
No full text本研究利用ORI-790之7管箱型岩心及ORⅢ-1166之23個表層沉積物，分析其粒徑分布、超量210Pb活度剖面及X光攝影結果，加上連續變頻聲納對於砂波的探測資料，期望能了解台灣海峽沉積物之來源及傳輸途徑。徑分析結果顯示，台灣海峽沉積物中的粗、細顆粒物質分別代表著不同的來源。台灣近岸的粗砂，為台灣輸出的現代沉積物；有別於近岸粗顆粒沉積物，海峽中的細砂則是受到潮流作用侵蝕澎湖水道後搬運至彰雲沙脊的老沉積物，而後此細砂沉積物再經由潮流作用持續往北傳輸，與泥質沉積物混合；至於以往被認為是由中國沿岸流攜帶而來的泥質沉積物，則可能部分源自於台灣西部河川的輸出。較過量Pb-210及Cs-137所計算出之沉積速率，可知台灣海峽沉積物深受混合作用的影響。而位於澎湖水道及彰雲沙脊地區存在許多大型砂波，亦說明此地流速強烈、易造成沉積物之再懸浮與混合作用。另外由ORI-790 BC5岩心之X光影像可看出具有交錯層理構造，推論此地主要是受到潮流往復作用的影響，造成沉積物混合強烈。合言之，台灣海峽屬淺海陸棚區，潮流在此扮演著侵蝕與搬運沉積物的角色；以沉積動力的角度觀之，台灣海峽沉積物屬現代潮流沉積系統的一部份。而台灣海峽沉積物應包含來自台灣西部河川所輸出的現代沉積物，藉由海流作用向北傳輸，並與老的潮流沉積物混合、沉積所形成。In this study, 7 box cores and 23 surface sediment samples were collected by using ORI-790 and ORIII-1166 cruises in the Taiwan Strait. Grain size analysis, in conjunction with 210Pbex, and X-ray radiographs results have been used to identify the sources, transportations and deposition of the sediments.he grain size result shows the sediments in the Taiwan Strait may classify into three different types. For coarse sand sediments in the nearshore area of Taiwan are modern sediments exports from the rivers in the western Taiwan. The fine sand sediments in the central Taiwan Strait are the aged sediments which influenced by tidal current in the Taiwan Strait and deposited in the Changyun Ridge. Afterwards, these fine sand sediments will transport northward and mix with mud sediments. For the mud sediments located at the Kuanyin Depression which were considered from mainland China may reconsidered as the products of the western Taiwan rivers.omparing the sedimentation rates which calculated from the excess Pb-210 and Cs-137 profiles, the sedimentation processes in the Taiwan Strait are highly influenced by the resuspension and mixing processes. This inference is also supported by the existing of large to very large sand waves occur on the Changyun Ridge and the Penghu Channel regions. In core ORI-790 BC5, we may see the development of the cross-bedding in the X-radiographic image. It suggests that the mixing process in the Taiwan Strait are mainly caused by the tidal currents.n summary, with the erosion and movement of the sediments influenced by tidal currents, the Taiwan Strait may be considered as a modern tidal deposition system. The sediments in the central Taiwan Strait are composed by the coarse sediments from the Changyun Ridge and the fine sediments from western Taiwan.中文摘要...................................................i文摘要..................................................ii錄......................................................iv目錄...................................................vii目錄.....................................................x一章 緒論...............................................1.1 前言...................................................1.2 研究區域背景...........................................2.2.1 海底地形.............................................3.2.2 水文流場.............................................5.3 前人研究...............................................7.3.1 台灣海峽沉積物特性與分布.............................8.3.1.1 殘餘沉積物的定義..................................13.3.1.2 變餘沉積物的定義..................................14.3.2 台灣海峽之沉積作用..................................14.3.3 台灣海峽沉積物傳輸方向..............................17.3.3.1 砂波地形..........................................17.3.3.2 粒徑趨勢分析......................................20.3.4 台灣海峽沉積物之來源................................21二章 研究方法..........................................23.1 研究區域..............................................23.2 採樣方法及分析步驟....................................25.2.1 聲納系統地形探測....................................26.2.2 沉積物採樣..........................................27.3 砂波地形分析..........................................28.4 沉積物分析............................................28.4.1 X光攝影............................................29.4.2 粒徑分析............................................31.4.3 含水率測定..........................................37.4.4 燒失量測定..........................................38.4.5 210Pb放射化學分析...................................38三章 實驗結果與討論....................................44.1 沉積物粒徑分析........................................44.1.1 ORI-790表層沉積物粒徑分析...........................44.1.2 ORⅡ-1294（彰雲沙脊）表層沉積物粒徑分析.............46.1.3 ORⅢ-1166（濁水溪口）表層沉積物粒徑分析.............50.1.4 台灣西岸輸出沉積物之短期傳輸........................54.2 砂波地形分析..........................................57.3 岩心X光攝影...........................................60.4 210Pb放射化學分析.....................................61.5 岩心X光影像、粒徑、210Pb隨時間（深度）之變化..........63.6 綜合討論：台灣海峽沉積物之來源及其傳輸途徑............65.6.1 台灣海峽沉積物特性與分布............................66.6.2 台灣海峽之沉積作用..................................66.6.3 台灣海峽沉積物傳輸方向..............................67.6.4 台灣海峽沉積物之來源................................67四章 結論..............................................70考文獻..................................................72錄I.....................................................78錄Ⅱ....................................................8
Effects of Individualized Nutritional Strategies in Postoperative Elderly Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery
No full text營養不良是腸胃道術後老人常見的現象，其不僅會影響生理，對於心理、社會、經濟各層面亦有所影響，嚴重者甚至會死亡。經由臨床實證研究得知，口腔健康功能喪失、營養照護知識缺乏及臥床，是引發腸胃道術後老人營養不良、功能下降之重要危險因子，因此本研究目的主要在探討經腸胃道手術老人接受個別化營養策略後之營養及功能狀態改善成效。研究設計採前、後測之臨床控制試驗（Controlled Clinical Trial, CCT），於北部某醫學中心，選取65歲以上老人，經醫師診斷需接受腸胃道手術者，控制組自96年8月至97年4月止；實驗組自97年5月至97年12月止，各82名個案。控制組接受醫院常規照護，實驗組於術後第一天接受個別化營養策略介入措施，包括口腔護理及訓練、飲食護理指導及早期活動直到出院。兩組分別於術前、出院前、術後一個月及出院後三個月，測量營養狀況﹙迷你營養評估量表、體重變化、身體質量指數﹚，及功能狀態﹙巴氏量表、握力﹚。研究結果以獨立樣本t檢定、卡方檢定、費雪精確度檢定，呈現兩組之間是否有差異，並以p<0.05定為統計上顯著差異水準。結果顯示（1）營養狀態方面，出院前，控制組迷你營養評估總分顯著低於實驗組（p<0.001），身體質量指數控制組平均下降顯著多於實驗組（p=0.001），且控制組體重減輕百分比顯著多於實驗組（p=0.001）。（2）功能狀態方面，出院前，控制組平均巴氏總分顯著低於實驗組（p<0.001），且控制組握力顯著低於實驗組（p<0.05）。﹙3﹚縮短住院日數方面，控制組平均總住院天數及術後住院天數顯著多於實驗組﹙p<0.05﹚。整體而言，透過個別化營養策略介入後，顯見護理獨特功能之臨床效益，不僅預防腸胃道術後老人營養不良，亦有效改善術後老人營養狀態、減緩功能下降、縮短患者住院日數，因此值得將此策略提供給臨床護理人員做為未來照護腸胃道術後老人之指引方針。The prevalence of malnutrition is high among the elderly who underwent gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional protocol on nutritional status in postoperative elderly patients underwent an elective gastrointestinal surgery. A pre- and post controlled clinical trial design was employed to enroll subjects aged 65 years and older who scheduled for an elective gastrointestinal surgery at a 2000-bed medical center in Taipei. Subjects enrolled during 8/07 to 4/08 were served as the controls (n=82) and subjects enrolled since 5/08 to 12/08 were served as the experimental group (n=82). For the experimental group, a daily nutritional protocol including oral care, diet education and early mobilization were implemented. Educational pamphlet on overcoming malnutrition was also provided. Subjects in the control group received usual care. Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), body weight, body mass index, Barthel index, and hand grip strength were taken at four points: before surgery, at discharge, 1and 3 months after surgery.nalyses were performed to examine the group differences using SPSS. Preliminary results shown that, at discharge, patients at experimental group had significant better MNA scores (21.3±3.0 vs. 13.1±3.4 points, p < 0.001), less body weight loss percentage (2.8%±3.6% vs. 5.0%±4.2%, p= 0.001), better hand grip strength (23.7±8.0 vs. 20.9±8.2 kg, p < 0.05), better in Barthel Index (86.7±9.3 vs. 64.3±13.6 points, p < 0.001), and shorten length of stay (16.9±10.4 vs. 21.8±18.8 days, p < 0.05) compared to the controls. The findings support effects of this nurse-led nutritional protocol in preventing malnutrition for the elderly who underwent gastrointestinal surgery.目 錄試委員會審定書……………………………………………………i謝……………………………………………………………………ii文摘要………………………………………………………………iii文摘要………………………………………………………………iv一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1一節 研究動機及重要性…………………………………………1二節 研究目的..…………………………………………………3三節 研究假設..…………………………………………………3四節 名詞界定..…………………………………………………4二章 文獻查證……………………………………………………5一節 營養不良的影響……………………………………………5二節 腸胃道手術對老人營養狀況的影響………………………11三節 經腸胃道手術後常見的營養困擾及合併症………………14四節 臨床上常見的營養指標及評估方式………………………18五節 營養介入對營養狀況及功能狀態成效的相關探討………20三章 研究方法……………………………………………………29一節 研究設計……………………………………………………29二節 研究概念架構………………………………………………30三節 研究對象及場所……………………………………………31四節 研究工具……………………………………………………32五節 資料收集流程………………………………………………34六節 營養策略……………………………………………………36七節 資料處理及分析……………………………………………42八節 研究倫理考量………………………………………………43四章 研究結果……………………………………………………44一節 研究對象之基本屬性………………………………………44二節 營養策略介入對營養狀況成效……………………………50三節 營養策略介入對減緩功能下降成效………………………58四節 營養策略介入對縮短住院日數成效………………………61五章 討論…………………………………………………………62一節 營養狀況的成效……………………………………………62二節 功能狀態的成效……………………………………………66三節 縮短住院日數的成效………………………………………67六章 結論與建議…………………………………………………68一節 研究限制與建議……………………………………………68二節 結論…………………………………………………………70考文獻………………………………………………………………71錄一 基本資料表…………………………………………………89錄二 迷你營養評估量表…………………………………………91錄三 巴氏量表……………………………………………………94目錄一 研究概念架構…………………………………………………30二 資料收集流程…………………………………………………35三 收案流程………………………………………………………45四 控制組與實驗組MNA趨勢圖……………………………………52五 控制組與實驗組體重減輕趨勢圖……………………………55六 控制組與實驗組體重減輕百分比趨勢圖……………………56七 控制組與實驗組巴氏分數比較趨勢圖………………………59八 控制組與實驗組握力比較趨勢………………………………60目錄一 研究設計………………………………………………………29二 基本資料………………………………………………………46三 手術與疾病屬性………………………………………………48四 術前控制組及實驗組MNA、BMI與檢驗值狀況………………53五 出院前控制組及實驗組MNA、BMI與檢驗值狀況……………53六 控制組及實驗組術後禁食及排氣天數比較…………………57七 控制組及實驗組住院天數之比較……………………………6
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Potent efficacy of metronomic topotecan and pazopanib combination therapy in preclinical models of primary or late stage metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Get PDFMetronomic chemotherapy has shown promising activity in numerous preclinical studies and also some phase II clinical studies involving various tumor types, and is currently undergoing phase III trial evaluation. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and very poor prognosis following progression after standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Herein, we evaluated the potential therapeutic impact and molecular mechanisms of topotecan administered in a continuous low-dose metronomic (LDM) manner, alone or in concurrent combination with pazopanib, an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in a triple-negative, primary and metastatic breast cancer orthotopic model; potential molecular mechanisms of efficacy were also studied, especially the impact of hypoxic conditions. The combination of metronomic topotecan and pazopanib significantly enhanced antitumor activity compared to monotherapy with either drug and prolonged survival, even in the advanced metastatic survival setting, with a marked decrease in tumor vascularity, proliferative index, and the induction of apoptosis. Significant changes in tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, HIF1α levels, HIF-1 target genes and ABCG2 were found both in vitro and in tumor tissue. Notably, the pazopanib and metronomic topotecan combination treatment inhibited expression of HIF1α and ABCG2 genes in cells grown under hypoxic conditions, and this was associated with an increased intracellular concentration of the active form of topotecan. Our results suggest a potential novel therapeutic option for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
