179,188 research outputs found
AN ANALYTICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRIVATE BIOTECH R&D INCENTIVES
Get PDFThe study examines the incentives and incidence of private R&D investment in the today's biotech industry. A three-stage search/imperfect competition model is developed to derive the optimal pricing and investment decisions of private firms and to develop conjectures about how these decisions are affected by exogenous factors. The analysis shows that basic public research "crowds in" applied private research while applied public research "crowds out" applied private research. The current technology level and the cost of the experimentation negatively affect private investment, while the price of the final product positively affects the private investment. Moreover, the greater the product heterogeneity, the higher the price charged with the same amount of R&D. Finally, the increase in IPR's and the firm's market size has a positive effect on the private firm's amount of R&D investment. These conjectures are tested empirically using data from the Canola research industry. The results of the empirical analysis strongly support the results derived from the theoretical model.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Cicatrización de injertos cutáneos en malla de espesor completo utilizando azúcar granulado versus nitrofurazona en caninos
Get PDFPintos, S.; González, R.; González, E.: Cicatrización de injertos cutáneos en malla de espesor completo utilizando azúcar granulado versus nitrofurazona en caninos. Rev. vet. 26: 2, 103-107, 2015
Uso de la malla de polietileno de baja densidad (mosquito net) comparado con la malla de polipropileno (Prolene (R)) en hernia ventral incisional
Get PDFIntroducción
La malla de Polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD) utilizado por Tongaonkar y
Kingsnorth desde el 2007 a la fecha, en más de 13,000 plastias inguinales
informadas. No está documentado la aplicación de malla de PEBD en hernias
ventrales. El objetivo es comparar la seguridad de la malla depolietileno de baja
densidad con la malla de polipropileno en la plastia ventral incisional.
Material y métodos
Es un estudio piloto, prospectivo, observacional, aleatorizado,colocando la malla
preperitoneal o retromuscular porresidentes de cirugía generalde 3er y 4to año.
Con seguimiento de 1 año, con una muestra de 10 pacientes en el grupo de malla
de prolene y 10 pacientes en elgrupo de malla de PEBD.
Resultados
Se realizaron 10 plastias con malla de PEBD y 10 plastias con malla de prolene; la
edad promedio fue de 55 años (SD 18.32). El promedio de estancia hospitalaria en
los dos grupos fue 3.25 dias (SD 0.44), promedio de dolor postoperatorio a los 7
días en el grupo de PEBD fue de 3 y en el grupo de Polipropileno fue de 3.5 con
una p=1.02. En ambos grupos se presentó un seroma en un paciente a la primera
semana de postoperatorio, los cuales se drenaron en el consultorio con posterior
evolución satisfactoria. En ninguno de los grupos se presentó infección,
recurrencia o rechazo al año de seguimiento.
Conclusiones
El uso de una malla de mosquito net muestra resultados con diferencias no
significativas en los eventos adversos postoperatorios comparado con la malla de
polipropileno (Prolene®) en hernia ventral incisional.InvestigadoresEstudiante
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Isolation and molecular characterization of lactobacilli from traditional fermented Dahi produced at different altitudes in Nepal
No full textDairy products are an important part of daily food in the Himalayan country of Nepal. A wide variety of traditional fermented milk products are obtained in relation to different geo-climatic conditions of the country and different ethnic groups. Locally called Dahi is the most popular product, but little data are available on the autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) characterizing this yogurt-like product. Thirty-two replicate samples of indigenous Dahi were collected from four districts of Nepal at different altitude. In total of 193 isolates were obtained. Of these, the 120 rod-shaped isolates representing the dominant LAB population (62%) were further identified at the species level by using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) amplification, 16S rRNA gene sequence determination, and species-specific PCR. A further characterization at the strain level was carried out by combining analysis of repetitive elements and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. Based on these analyses, the isolates were grouped in ten different species, among which Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus represented the dominant species. A high degree of intraspecies diversity was also observed for all Lactobacillus species, except for L. rhamnosus isolates, which proved to give a single typing profile. Bacterial isolates represent a source of novel potential probiotics and starter cultures. The strain collection obtained from this study is a first step in the preservation of the natural biodiversity of bacterial population of the traditional Nepalese fermented Dahi
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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