22 research outputs found
Multilingüismo en la traducción de Zeru horiek (1995) de Bernardo Atxaga al finés y al estonio
No full textMultilingualism in the Translation of Bernardo Atxaga’s Zeru Horiek (1995) into Finnish and Estonian. Zeru horiek (1995, The Lone Woman, English translation by Margaret Jull Costa) is the second most multilingual novel written by Bernardo Atxaga after Obabakoak. While Basque is the source language of his literary works, his fictional world is multilingual. In Zeru horiek seven natural languages appear together with Basque: English, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Galician and Latin. This paper investigates how and why these languages are used in the novel, based on the theoretical approaches presented by Manterola (2019) and Verschik and Saagpakk (2023). Another purpose is to bring into the spotlight two translations of the novel never studied before: the Finnish version Tuolla taivaalla (1999, translated by Tarja Roinila) and the Estonian version Need taevad (2022, by the author of this article). Twenty-three years separate these translations, but the literary contexts of their publication are not very different. Firstly, because of the dominance of English as a main source language of literary translations, and secondly, on account of the fact that Basque, Latin and Romance language skills are not very common in its target readers.
Tuolla taivaalla is an example of early and indirect translation and, according to the model of Delabastita (1993), tends to substitute some expressions and passages in other languages, used by Atxaga, with elements of Finnish. The substitution reduces multilingualism, omits all reference to Galician and modifies some literary aspects such as the relationships between characters. Modifications in Esos cielos (the autotranslation by Atxaga) used as source text and an effort to make the text understandable for the reader can explain this linguistic and cultural homogenisation. Need taevad illustrates a late and direct translation that conventionally preserves and reproduces the multilingualism of the original. It even increases it in two ways: by restoring the source language in some passages (in English and French) presented in Basque in Zeru horiek, and by including some expressions in Basque. The strategy that allows this is permutation (translation in a footnote). Hence, two types of Estonian reader have been kept in mind: those who know some of these languages and those who do not
Fotografía y proceso de escritura en "Sete palabras" de Suso de Toro, "Soinujolearen semea" de Bernardo Atxaga y "La meitat de l’ànima" de Carme Riera
No full textAbstract. Photography and the writing process in Sete palabras by Suso de Toro, La meitat de l’ànima by Carme Riera and Soinujolearen semea by Bernardo Atxaga. This paper aims to understand the function of pre-digital photography as described in contemporary metafiction. For this comparative analysis, I have selected three novels representing different cultures on the Iberian Peninsula and published in the 21st century: Sete palabras (Seven Words, 2009) by the Galician writer Suso de Toro (born in 1956), La meitat de l’ànima (Half the Soul, 2004) by the Catalan Carme Riera (born in 1948) and Soinujolearen semea (The Accordionist’s Son, 2003) by the Basque author Bernardo Atxaga (born in 1951). These three novels present a common feature in which the narrator (a writer born around 1950) writes a book in which he or she is, simultaneously, the sender of the written message (his or her book) and the receiver of the photography used during the writing process. In this construction of meaning, the writer re-contextualises the visual image and uses it for various proposes: to compare situations or characters, to verify discourses or facts, to identify someone, to preserve data in the record, or to communicate something. Sometimes, the photography does not accomplish its supposed function and does not help the writer to continue documenting or writing. In this case, the difficulty or impossibility of knowing the truth is emphasized. These photographies also have a narrative and structural function in the books, as they frequently demonstrate the text’s own self-awareness.
 
Freedom of religion or belief - the quest for religious autonomy
No full textIn this thesis it is argued that while the concept of freedom of religion or belief itself is opaque and difficult to define, the right to religious freedom must contain certain basic factors – most importantly the right to individual (religious) autonomy. The individual autonomy approach is seen here as providing the necessary rationale for the protection of freedom of religion or belief. This rationale is not cemented in stone in the practice of the Convention and this has caused the Court to lose its focus on individual freedom. It is a dangerous tendency. It allows the focus to be placed on the role of the State and leaves freedom of religion or belief to be heavily affected by politics and fluctuating social attitudes. In this regard, this thesis looks for the meaning and scope of individual and collective religious autonomy and how it is and ought to be represented in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. It is the aim of the author to contribute to a clearer and more principled understanding of Article 9 of the ECHR. The right to individual autonomy is thought to be able to provide the necessary focus for the European Court of Human Rights in creating a more robust framework for the protection of freedom of religion or belief different from current Court practice which shows inconsistency in its reasoning and theoretical chaos. This lack of clarity has also contributed to freedom of religion or belief being a relatively weak right. It is explored here as to how the principle of autonomy (as developed in this thesis) relates to other principles provided by the Court, namely the principle of State neutrality, pluralism and the effective protection of rights, but also the margin of appreciation and the autonomy of religious communities. The individual autonomy centred theoretical framework in the first part of the thesis will be engaged to analyse the conflict in the triangle of state-individual-community explored in the second part
Organisatsioonisisene kaasamispraktika struktuurimuudatuste otsustamisel haridus- ja teadusministeeriumi näitel
No full textOrganizational involvement practices in the Ministry of Education and Research.
Public organizations have certain missions, structure, hierarchy, power and authority lines.
The structures are complex, multi-level and decisions are made in different lines. Structural
changes cause uncertainty among employees, workplaces are being reduced and employees`
social confidence is influenced. Therefore, it is important to share accurate and in time
information. Managers have to share information and involve employees in decision-making
process to avoid cynicism and resistance about the change. As a result of the involvement the
employees involved feel that the change has been their desired change and adapting to change
will be faster. In addition, a decision made by involving the members will be more efficient
and improved.
In this bachelor`s thesis author analyzed organizational involvement practices in decision
making process of structural changes, on example of the Ministry of Education and Research
(MER). A study found that main purpose of employee involvement in decision-making
process is to obtain expertise. Employees are involved to share information and advice on
topics related specifically to involved employee`s job field. But decisions are made by
management. This is, according to Cabrera et al (2003, Brown & Cregan 2008: 670 kaudu),
information sharing work climate - employees in MER are primarily involved through
information sharing.
The same principle is used when deciding structural changes – the management of MER
decides the structural changes by involving the heads of departments when necessary.
Employees were not involved to the discussions and negotiations of structural change forced
in 1st December 2011. Many employees heard the first time about structural change on
Ministry general meeting, where employees’ were introduced the purposes and reasons of the
change. According to Vos ja Schoemakeri (2001) the shortage of this kind of decision making
process is little employee involvement in the original plans, so the management has to
contribute later extra to motivate employees.
But in this case the motivation has not been sufficient because some official still do not know
why the MER structure had to be hanged. According to Vos ja Schoemakeri (2001: 101)
structural change causes uncertainty among the employees, affects employees' social
confidence and leads to tensions in communication. Therefore the author suggests to decide
structural changes useing human-centric approach. Employees will be involved in the
beginning of the change and according to Dean et al (1998: 345) changes will not be for the
workers by surprise.
Organizational involvement in decision making process lessens the resistance, increases
satisfaction (Lawler 1987: 38-39) and the quality of decision is higher (Wagner et al 1997:
50).
Thus, employees need to be involved in decision making process to achieve successful
outcome. This ensures a higher quality of decision-making, makes the adjustment easier, and
thereby improves organizational presentation and effectiveness.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2610660~S1*es
The analysis of tax morale on the sample of southern Estonian entrepreneurs
No full textMagistritöö
Ökonoomika ja ettevõtluse õppekavalRiik vajab tegutsemiseks vahendeid ja suurema osa kogub ta nendest maksudega.
Ühiskonnas ei pöörata piisavalt tähelepanu maksumoraalile maksukuulekuse tagamiseks ja
selle tulemusel võib riigil osa maksutulusid jääda kokku kogumata. Magistritöö eesmärgiks
on välja selgitada, milline on Lõuna-Eesti väikeettevõtjate maksumoraal. Töö põhineb
eestikeelsel kirjandusel, erialastel uurimistöödel, õigusaktidel, andmebaasidest leitud
ingliskeelsetel uurimustel, inglise- ja saksakeelsel erialakirjandusel ja internetist leitud
materjalidel. Andmete kogumiseks viis autor läbi Lõuna-Eesti väikeettevõtjatega
poolstruktureeritud intervjuud. Intervjuude põhjal selgus, et maksumoraal on otsustav tegur
maksukuulekuse mõjutajana. Kodanike hoiakud mõjutavad tugevasti tahet makse maksta
seeläbi ka vabatahtlikku maksulaekumist. Inimeste hoiakuid mõjutavad ka poliitikute,
arvamusliidrite, vanemate, sõprade ja tuttavate sõnad ja teod. Mida parem on ühiskonna
teadlikkus, hoiak ja normid, seda suurem on ka inimeste ning siin juures ka ettevõtjate
maksumoraal. Eesti riigi toimimiseks tuleb tõsta Eesti ühiskonna maksutahet.The country needs financial resources to act. Most finances are raised from taxes. As not
enough attention is paid to tax morale to ensure tax compliance in the society, the state
may not collect part of the tax revenue. The aim of the Master's thesis is to find out what
are the attitudes towards paying taxes among small enterprises in southern Estonia. The
work is based on Estonian literature, specialized researches, legislation, research found in
English from various databases, English and German literature and materials found on the
Internet. The author conducted some semi-structured interviews with the small
entrepreneurs of Estonia to gather data. The interviews revealed that tax morale was a
decisive factor in influencing tax compliance. The attitudes of citizens have a strong
impact on the willingness to pay taxes, and thus on voluntary tax payments. People’s
beliefs are also affected by the words and deeds of politicians, opinion leaders, parents,
friends, and acquaintances. The better the awareness, attitude, and norms of society, the
higher the tax morale of people, and of entrepreneurs is. Good tax governance must be
promoted in Estonian society for the functioning of the state
Availability of preschool education services in Saue district
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval2017. aastal läbiviidud haldusreformi käigus liitus kolm väiksemat kohalikku omavalitsust Saue vallaga. Nüüdse valla erinevates piirkondades on erinevate suurustega alusharidusasutused ning tänaseni pole nimetatud teenuse kättesaadavuse probleemi uuritud. Samuti pole teada, kuidas hindavad teenuse kättesaadavust lapsevanemad.
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on alusharidusteenuse hetkeolukorra ja kättesaadavuse välja selgitamine Saue valla alusharidusasutustes seisuga 2016 vs 2020, arvestades teenuse kättesaadavuse majanduslikke ja sotsiaalseid aspekte kui ka valla alusharidusasutuses käivate laste lapsevanemate hinnanguid. Töö eesmärgi saavutamiseks kasutati kombineeritud andmekogumise ja -analüüsi metoodikat ning viidi läbi kümme kvalitatiivset poolstruktureeritud intervjuud.
Uurimistöös selgus, et 2017. aastal toimunud haldusreform ei ole mõjutanud alusharidusteenuse kättesaadavust vallas. Valla elanike arv on tõusutrendis ning rahvastik on koondunud pigem linliku elulaadiga piirkondadesse, kus kasvab vajadus alusharidusteenuse järele. Vald on loonud ühtsed võimalused kõigile koolieelsetele lastele lähtudes valla suurusest, lasteaedade ja seal pakutavate kohtade arvust. Samuti on lapsevanemad rahul teenusepakkujaga, sest vald panustab alusharidusteenusesse rahaliselt palju: kõik lasteaiad on viimaste aastate jooksul renoveeritud ning mänguväljakud on kaasaegsed. Kõigile lastele on tagatud õppevahendid ning võimalus osaleda uutes erinevates huviringides. Bakalaureusetöö autori ettepanekud Saue valla alusharidusteenuse kättesaadavuse osas: 1) säilitada kõik alusharidusasutused nendes tegevuskohtades, kus nad praegu asuvad; 2) tagada igas lasteaias logopeediline tugiteenus, et kõik teenust vajavad lapsed saaksid enne kooli vajalikku abi; 3) Saue valla lapsevanematele tagada võimalus kandideerida kõikidesse valla lasteaedadesse, sõltumata elukoha piirkonnast, sest piirkonna lasteaed ei pruugi sobituda töökoha marsruudiga.
Bakalaureusetööl on Saue valla jaoks praktiline väärtus.During the administrative reform carried out in 2017, three smaller local governments joined Saue municipality. In different areas of the current municipality, there pre-primary education institutions of different sizes and that to date, the problem of the availability of this service has not been studied and it is also not known how the parent evaluates the availability of the service.
The aim of the work is to find out the current situation and availability of pre-primary education services in pre-primary education institutions of Saue municipality as of 2016 vs. 2020, taking into account economic and social aspects of service availability as well as the assessments of the parents whose children attend the pre-primary education institutions. The combined data collection and analysis methodology was used to achieve the aim of the work and, a qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted in all of the examined child care institutions with one member of the board of trustees.
The research revealed that the administrative reform that took place in 2017 had not affected the availability of pre-primary education services in the municipality. The population of the rural municipality is on the rise, and the population is rather concentrated in areas with an urban lifestyle, where the need for pre-primary education services is growing. The municipality has created uniform opportunities for all preschool children based on the size of the municipality, the number of kindergartens, and the places offered there. Parents are also satisfied with the service provider because the municipality contributes a lot to the preschool education service and all kindergartens have been renovated in recent years, and the buildings and playgrounds are modern. All children are provided with teaching aids and the opportunity to participate in new and different hobby clubs.
Proposals of the author of the Bachelor's thesis regarding the availability of preschool education services in Saue municipality: 1) Maintain all pre-primary education institutions in the places where they are currently located; 2) ensure speech therapy support in each kindergarten so that all children in need of service receive the necessary assistance before school; 3) Parents of Saue municipality should have the opportunity to apply to all kindergartens of the municipality, regardless of the region of residence, because the kindergarten of the region may not fit the route to the workplace.
The paper has practical value for Saue municipality
Ajalehtede lugemine gümnaasiuminoorte hulgas
No full textThe goal of given Bachelor´s thesis was to study the habits and preferences of Estonian
high-school children in following the news. The main aim of the research was to find out how
important is traditional newspaper on the era of online journalism among the youth aged 16-18
years, who may be considered to be the most willing social group to use technological innovations.
Furthermore the study determins which are the particular newspapers and subjects that are the most
interesting for young people and how do high-school students relate to pages of newspaper that are
ment especially for youth.
The empirical part of the Bachelor's thesis is based on questionings and interviews that were
conducted by the author in 3 citys of various size and population – in Tallinn, Tartu and Võru. All
together the amount of participants was 260.
The information collected with questionnaires was processed by using quantitative research
methods, which allow primarly fixate, measure and make statistical conclusions. The transcriptions
of conducted interviews were processed by using both quantitative and qualitative research methods
in order to complement the statistics with reasons, attitudes and interpretations that young people
have regarding media usage in order to follow the news.
The questionnaire, interview and used research methods proved to be efficient. All previously rased
research questions and hypotheses got answered.
From the results appeared that students aged between 16-18 years are extremely interested in
news and follow them mostly once a day or even often. Even though newspapers did not turn out to
be the most popular mediums among high-school students, remaining on third place after television and internet, it appeared that young people do prefer traditional paper editions to modern online-
newspapers.
The results revealed that contrarily to previously raised hypothesis young people take more interest
in serious subjects like domestic and foreign news than in sports and entertainment. Partly due to
that fact they do not take greater interest in pages of newspaper like HIP! in Postimees that is ment
especially for youth, but offers mostly storys about so-called stars not technics, subcultures,
education, work and leisure activities, that actually interest young people.
Different studys held in Europe have shown that the reading of newspapers has considerably
decreased over the past years, especially among young people. Present Bachelor´s thesis has
demonstrated that Estonian high-school students are not following the sorrowful trend and are very
eager to read newspapers even though internet has seized an important place in whole society.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2115595~S1*es
Reasons for non-fulfillment of the obligation to attend school and the work of a social pedagogue with violators of the obligation to attend school on the example of the schools of Viljandi County
No full textAntud lõputöö pealkirjaks on „Koolikohustuse mittetäitmise põhjused ning sotsiaalpedagoogi töö koolikohustuse eirajatega Viljandimaa koolide näitel. Teema on tänapäeval väga aktuaalne, sest uuringud on näidanud, et õpilaste koolist puudumiste arv ei ole aastatega vähenenud ning COVID-19 pandeemia ja sellega kaasnenud piirangud lõhkusid laste koolikäimise harjumist.
Antud töö eesmärgiks on selgitada koolist puudumise peamised põhjused sotsiaalpedagoogide vaatenurgast.
Eesmärgist tulenevad ülesanded:
• Selgitada koolikohustuse täitmist ning sotsiaalpedagoogi tööd koolikohustuse eirajatega koolis süsteemiteooriast lähtuvalt.
• Selgitada välja koolikohustuse eiramise peamised põhjused sotsiaalpedagoogide vaatenurgast Viljandimaa koolide näitel.
• Tuua välja COVID-19 mõju õpilastele koolikohustuse täitmise osas sotsiaalpedagoogide vaatenurgast.
• Analüüsida sotsiaalpedagoogide võimalusi koolikohustust eiravate õpilaste tõhusamaks toetamiseks.
Empiirilise uuringu läbiviimiseks kasutas autor kvalitatiivset uurimismeetodit. Valimi moodustasid Viljandimaal töötavad 10 sotsiaalpedagoogi. Uuringu tulemusena selgus, et koolikohustuse eiramine algab õpilastel juba esimesest klassist ning sotsiaalpedagoogid tõid välja peamised põhjused, miks õpilane ei täida nõuetekohaselt koolikohustust. Nendeks põhjuseteks siis on vaimse tervise probleemid, perekonna vähene huvi ja hool laste tegevuste ning käekäigu vastu. Lisaks tõid nad välja veel õpilase düsfunktsionaalset käitumist ning ka ebaedu. Sotsiaalpedagoog saab koolikeskkonnas väga paljusid probleeme lahendada ning ennetada.
Antud töö on jaotatud viieks suuremaks peatükiks. Esimeses peatükis kirjeldatakse süsteemide mõju indiviidile süsteemiteooriast lähtuvalt. Teises peatükis on kirjeldatud kooli ja koolikohustuse täitmist ökoloogilisest süsteemiteooriast lähtuvalt. Kolmandas peatükis on selgitatud sotsiaalpedagoogikat ning sotsiaalpedagoogi tööd koolikohustuse eirajatega. Neljandas peatükis on kirjeldatud empiirilise uuringu metoodikat ja valimit ja viiendas peatükis on kirjas uurimistulemuste analüüs, kus on siis kirjas empiirilise uuringu tulemused.The title of this graduation thesis is "Reasons for non-fulfillment of the obligation to attend school and the work of a social pedagogue with violators of the obligation to attend school on the example of the schools of Viljandi County." The issue is very relevant today, as research has shown that the share of absenteeism from school has not decreased over the years, and the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions have disrupted children's habit of attending school.
The aim of this thesis is to identify the main reasons for absenteeism from the point of view of social pedagogues.
Tasks arising from the objective:
• To explain the fulfillment of the obligation to attend school and the work of a social pedagogue with those violating the obligation to attend school based on systems theory.
• To find out the main reasons for non-compliance with the obligation to attend school from the point of view of social pedagogues on the example of Viljandi County schools.
• To highlight the impact of COVID-19 on students' compliance with their obligation to attend school from the perspective of social pedagogues.
• To analyze the possibilities of social pedagogues to more effectively support students who do not attend school.
The author used a qualitative research method to conduct an empirical study. The sample consisted of 10 social pedagogues working in Viljandi County. The study revealed that students' non-compliance with the obligation to attend school starts in the first grade, and social pedagogues pointed out the main reasons why students do not attend school properly. These reasons are mental health problems, low family interest, and concern for children's activities and well-being. In addition, they pointed out the students' dysfunctional behavior as well as their underperformance. A social pedagogue can solve and prevent many problems in the school environment.
This thesis is divided into five major chapters. The first chapter describes the impact of systems on the individual based on systems theory. The second chapter describes the school and the fulfillment of the obligation to attend school based on ecological systems theory. The third chapter explains social pedagogy and the work of a social pedagogue with those who do not attend school. The fourth chapter describes the methodology and sample of the empirical study, and the fifth chapter describes the analysis of the research results and provides the results of the empirical research
Põlvamaa imago Põlva kooliõpilaste ja juhtide seas
No full textThe aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to found out the image of Põlva County. It was
important to exteriorize the differences and similarities between the images among
county’s leaders, Põlva county government servants and among one of target group.
Author wanted to know if leaders who deal with county’s reputation management and
development saw the county as students. Also wanted to give an overview county’s
desired image and its differences between the actual images.
The thesis is divided to four chapters, from the first one consists theoretical overview
of different author’s definitions of image, the image formation process and its
importance to a region. Second part of the thesis consists the questions of this study
and more precise description of the study object. There are also exteriorized general
distinctive features and problems of Põlva County which probably are related to
development of the image. Third part of the thesis consist of the study method where
is described the methods of the study (semantic differentiation, questionnaire and
interview) and selection of interviewees and respondents. The fourth chapter is results
of the study which gives an overview of the images of Põlva County in different target
groups and brought forth significant differences between groups. Fifth part of thesis
consists of discussion and conclusions of the study.
In result of the study came out that leaders of the county see Põlva County different
from target group in adjective “safe” where students see county less safe. In general
the image of Põlva County in all target groups is positive (excepted fast) and average
intensity. Polar adjectives of semantic differentiation coincide in all study groups
significant attributes own, friendly, colorful, safe and clean. Respondents associate
county primarily with emotional evaluative factor and less with power factor.
Most of the respondents evaluate opinions about Põlva County among Estonians and
Põlva County’s habitants positive or neutral. 59% of students evaluate opinions of county among Estonians positive and 33% neutral. 48% of leaders of Põlva County
evaluate opinion among Estonian positive and 74% opinion among local people
positive. Respondents share their own opinion about county and their evaluation to
other people opinions.
Evaluations to county’s image among Põlva gymnasium and Põlva high school
students differ statistically significantly in the dimensions “open-closed” and
“unattractive-attractive”. Students of Põlva high school see Põlva County significantly
less open and attractive. The image of Põlva County among students of Põlva
gymnasium is more clear, positive and strong than among students of Põlva high
school. Leaders and students of gymnasium see Põlva County very similarly.
Students who leave the county after graduating but will come back see Põlva County
more positive than those students who don’t know if they would come back. Also the
image of county is more positive and clear among those students who evaluate their
information owning about county at least sufficient. The image on Põlva County does
not differ among male and female students. Students like in the county nature,
environment, security, friendliness and cleanness but they don’t like fewness of
spending free time, enterprises and stores.
In result of the study emerged that desired image and existing images are not the same
in the county, but there are progress going on to achieve this goal. Specialists think
that the image among tourists is almost like desired, but among possible investors it is
rather negative. Põlva County develops every day and the change of situation,
environment and experiences affect the images which are in the minds of people.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2115265~S1*es
Freedom of religion or belief - the quest for religious autonomy
No full textIn this thesis it is argued that while the concept of freedom of religion or belief itself is opaque and difficult to define, the right to religious freedom must contain certain basic factors – most importantly the right to individual (religious) autonomy. The individual autonomy approach is seen here as providing the necessary rationale for the protection of freedom of religion or belief. This rationale is not cemented in stone in the practice of the Convention and this has caused the Court to lose its focus on individual freedom. It is a dangerous tendency. It allows the focus to be placed on the role of the State and leaves freedom of religion or belief to be heavily affected by politics and fluctuating social attitudes. In this regard, this thesis looks for the meaning and scope of individual and collective religious autonomy and how it is and ought to be represented in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. It is the aim of the author to contribute to a clearer and more principled understanding of Article 9 of the ECHR. The right to individual autonomy is thought to be able to provide the necessary focus for the European Court of Human Rights in creating a more robust framework for the protection of freedom of religion or belief different from current Court practice which shows inconsistency in its reasoning and theoretical chaos. This lack of clarity has also contributed to freedom of religion or belief being a relatively weak right. It is explored here as to how the principle of autonomy (as developed in this thesis) relates to other principles provided by the Court, namely the principle of State neutrality, pluralism and the effective protection of rights, but also the margin of appreciation and the autonomy of religious communities. The individual autonomy centred theoretical framework in the first part of the thesis will be engaged to analyse the conflict in the triangle of state-individual-community explored in the second part
