1,721,002 research outputs found
Sonography of fetal central nervous system
No full textAn overview on the principles of screening, diagnosis and management of fetal central nervous anomalie
Ultrasonography of the Prenatal Brain
No full textThe book contains up to date information on sonography of the fetal central nervous system. The normal embyology and sonography of the developing central nervous system throughout gestation is reviewed, as well the appearance, differential diagnosis and prognosis of the congenital anomalies arising from this area
Fetal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, neurosonography and the brave new world of fetal medicine
No full textFetal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, neurosonography and the brave new world of fetal medicine
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Comparison of transvaginal sonography with digital examination and transabdominal sonography for the determination of fetal head position in the second stage of labor.
No full textObjective: Precise determination of fetal head position in labor is a prerequisite for safe
instrumental deliveries, and essential for the assessment of labor progress. Recent studies have
cast serious doubts on the accuracy of the time-honored digital vaginal examination (DVE) in
comparison to transabdominal ultrasound scans (TUS). However, transabdominal imaging is
technically difficult with a deeply engaged fetal head in the second stage of labor. We examined
the accuracy and time requirements of transvaginal scans (TVS) in the second stage of labor for
determination of fetal head position.
Study design: Sixty laboring women in the second stage of labor with a deeply engaged fetal head
were examined by experienced nurse midwives and senior residents. Fetal head position was
recorded as ‘‘time on a 12-hour clock.’’ Subsequently, TUS and TVS were independently performed
by a skilled sonographer. Accuracy and time requirements for all 3 examinations were recorded.
Results: Fetal head position could be determined in all cases by TVS, but not in 7 cases and 9 cases
byDVEand TUS, respectively (P!.03; P!.008).Adiscrepancy of 60( or more between theDVE
and TUS or TVS was found in 13/60 cases (21.7%) and 14/60 cases (23.3%), respectively. AR90(
discrepancy was found in 9/60 cases (15%) and 12/60 cases (20%), respectively (P ! .02 for
comparison of TUS and TVS). In 5 cases, the digital examination erroneously perceived an occiput
posterior position as occiput anterior. No significant differences in fetal head position were detected
between TUS and TVS, when the examination was technically feasible. The mean time (GSD)
required for determining fetal head position was shortest for TVS (8.7G5.8 seconds) in comparison
to DVE (22.7G 14.6 seconds; P ! .0001) or TAS (31.7G 19.1 seconds; P ! .0001)
ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system. Part 1: performance of screening examination and indications for targeted neurosonography
No full textN.D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system: guidelines for performing the ‘basic examination’ and the ‘fetal neurosonogram’
No full textCentral nervous system (CNS) malformations are some of
the most common of all congenital abnormalities. Neural
tube defects are themost frequent CNS malformations and
amount to about 1–2 cases per 1000 births. The incidence
of intracranial abnormalities with an intact neural tube is
uncertain as probably most of these escape detection at
birth and only become manifest in later life. Long-term
follow-up studies suggest however that the incidence may
be as high as one in 100 births1.
Ultrasound has been used for nearly 30 years as the
main modality to help diagnose fetal CNS anomalies. The
scope of these guidelines is to review the technical aspects
of an optimized approach to the evaluation of the fetal
brain in surveys of fetal anatomy, that will be referred
to in this document as a basic examination. Detailed
evaluation of the fetal CNS (fetal neurosonogram) is also
possible but requires specific expertise and sophisticated
ultrasound machines. This type of examination, at
times complemented by three-dimensional ultrasound,
is indicated in pregnancies at increased risk of CNS
anomalies.
In recent years fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
has emerged as a promising new technique that may add
important information in selected cases and mainly after
20–22 weeks, although its advantage over ultrasound
remains debate
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