2,063 research outputs found
Feeding and Rearing Strategies for Heavy Pigs: Effects on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Dry-Cured Ham Meat Quality Traits
Get PDFIn Italy, pigs must be slaughtered at 160 ± 16 kg body weight (BW) at 9 months of age for dry-cured ham production (control, C). In Chapter 1, we investigated three alternatives based on different feeding conditions to address the implications of changing the age and weight at slaughter of heavy pigs on carcass and green ham quality traits: 1) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by allowing them to achieve 160 ± 16 kg slaughter weight (SW) at younger slaughter age (SA) (younger Age, YA); 2) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by maximizing their SW at 9 months SA (greater weight, GW); 3) increasing the SA required to achieve 160 ± 16 kg SW (older age, OA). Pigs (336 C21 Goland, 95 kg initial body weight) were slaughtered at 257, 230, 257, and 273 d SA and 172.7, 172.3, 192.9, and 169.3 SW kg for the four treatments, respectively. C pigs had an average daily gain (ADG) of 715 g/d and feed efficiency (FE) of 0.265 (gain to feed). Compared to C, YA pigs had higher ADG (+32%), FE (+7.5%), and better ham adiposity; GW pigs had higher carcass weight (+12%), ADG (+25%), trimmed ham weight (+10.9%), and better ham adiposity. OA treatment affected ADG (−16.4%), FE (−16.6%), and trimmed ham weight (−3.6%). YA and GW could be promising alternatives to C as they improved FE and ham quality traits.
In Chapter 2, a total of 159 C21 Goland pigs (gilts and barrows) at 95 ± 9.0 kg BW from three batches were used to investigate the impact of ad libitum feeding on SW, growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass and green ham characteristics. Diets contained 10 MJ/kg of net energy and 7.4 and 6.0 g/kg of SID-lysine. Slaughter weight classes (SWC) included 210 kg BW. In each batch, pigs were sacrificed at 230 or 258 d of age. Left hams were scored for round shape, fat cover thickness, marbling, lean colour, bicolour and veining. Data were analyzed with a model considering SWC, sex and SWC X Sex interactions as fixed factors and the batch as a random factor. The linear, quadratic and cubic effects of SWC were tested, but only linear effects were found. Results showed that pigs with greater SWC had greater average daily gain and feed consumption, with similar feed efficiency and better ham quality traits: greater ham weight, muscularity, and fat covering in correspondence of semimembranosus muscle. Barrows were heavier and produced hams with slightly better characteristics than gilts.
The current National Research Council (NRC) nutrient recommendations are based on pigs fed ad libitum up to 140 kg BW. It is unclear whether this applies to pigs weighing more than 140 kg in BW raised under different conditions. This was addressed in Chapter 3 using a mathematical modelling approach based on repeated BW and backfat (BF) measurements to estimate: i, Protein (Pd) and lipid (Ld) depositions; ii) Metabolizable energy (ME); iii) Standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) requirement, and partitioning the body protein and lipid accretions of 90 and 200 kg BW using 224 Goland C21 heavy pigs when exposed to different rearing conditions. The control pigs (C) received diets limiting ME up to 170 kg in slaughter weight (SW) at 9 months of age (SA); older (OA) pigs had restricted diets limiting ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at >9 months SA; younger (YA) pigs were fed nonlimited amounts of ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at 170 kg in SW. We confirmed that the estimated MEm averaged 1.03 MJ/kg0.60. An 11% increase in MEm was observed in OA pigs compared to the controls. Energy restriction had negligible effects on the estimated MEm. The marginal efficiency of SID lysine utilization for Pd averaged 0.725, corresponding to a 9.8 g/100 g Pd SID lysine requirement.In Italy, pigs must be slaughtered at 160 ± 16 kg body weight (BW) at 9 months of age for dry-cured ham production (control, C). In Chapter 1, we investigated three alternatives based on different feeding conditions to address the implications of changing the age and weight at slaughter of heavy pigs on carcass and green ham quality traits: 1) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by allowing them to achieve 160 ± 16 kg slaughter weight (SW) at younger slaughter age (SA) (younger Age, YA); 2) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by maximizing their SW at 9 months SA (greater weight, GW); 3) increasing the SA required to achieve 160 ± 16 kg SW (older age, OA). Pigs (336 C21 Goland, 95 kg initial body weight) were slaughtered at 257, 230, 257, and 273 d SA and 172.7, 172.3, 192.9, and 169.3 SW kg for the four treatments, respectively. C pigs had an average daily gain (ADG) of 715 g/d and feed efficiency (FE) of 0.265 (gain to feed). Compared to C, YA pigs had higher ADG (+32%), FE (+7.5%), and better ham adiposity; GW pigs had higher carcass weight (+12%), ADG (+25%), trimmed ham weight (+10.9%), and better ham adiposity. OA treatment affected ADG (−16.4%), FE (−16.6%), and trimmed ham weight (−3.6%). YA and GW could be promising alternatives to C as they improved FE and ham quality traits.
In Chapter 2, a total of 159 C21 Goland pigs (gilts and barrows) at 95 ± 9.0 kg BW from three batches were used to investigate the impact of ad libitum feeding on SW, growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass and green ham characteristics. Diets contained 10 MJ/kg of net energy and 7.4 and 6.0 g/kg of SID-lysine. Slaughter weight classes (SWC) included 210 kg BW. In each batch, pigs were sacrificed at 230 or 258 d of age. Left hams were scored for round shape, fat cover thickness, marbling, lean colour, bicolour and veining. Data were analyzed with a model considering SWC, sex and SWC X Sex interactions as fixed factors and the batch as a random factor. The linear, quadratic and cubic effects of SWC were tested, but only linear effects were found. Results showed that pigs with greater SWC had greater average daily gain and feed consumption, with similar feed efficiency and better ham quality traits: greater ham weight, muscularity, and fat covering in correspondence of semimembranosus muscle. Barrows were heavier and produced hams with slightly better characteristics than gilts.
The current National Research Council (NRC) nutrient recommendations are based on pigs fed ad libitum up to 140 kg BW. It is unclear whether this applies to pigs weighing more than 140 kg in BW raised under different conditions. This was addressed in Chapter 3 using a mathematical modelling approach based on repeated BW and backfat (BF) measurements to estimate: i, Protein (Pd) and lipid (Ld) depositions; ii) Metabolizable energy (ME); iii) Standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) requirement, and partitioning the body protein and lipid accretions of 90 and 200 kg BW using 224 Goland C21 heavy pigs when exposed to different rearing conditions. The control pigs (C) received diets limiting ME up to 170 kg in slaughter weight (SW) at 9 months of age (SA); older (OA) pigs had restricted diets limiting ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at >9 months SA; younger (YA) pigs were fed nonlimited amounts of ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at 170 kg in SW. We confirmed that the estimated MEm averaged 1.03 MJ/kg0.60. An 11% increase in MEm was observed in OA pigs compared to the controls. Energy restriction had negligible effects on the estimated MEm. The marginal efficiency of SID lysine utilization for Pd averaged 0.725, corresponding to a 9.8 g/100 g Pd SID lysine requirement
Isaac Peirce letter to Jeffery Mathewson
No full textLetter written by Isaac Peirce, a settler in Belpre, Ohio, to W. Jeffery Matthewson. The letter discusses Peirce's efforts to find good tenants for Matthewson's land. It discusses attacks on the settlement by American Indians, troop strength, and general living conditions in the area. The city of Belpre was the second permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory. Established along the Ohio River in 1789 by members of the Ohio Company, the location was surveyed the previous year as Belle-Prairie, French for "beautiful meadow.
Autograph by Isaac D'Israeli
No full textabstract: Concerning Isaac D'Israeli's autograph.Creation Date Details: Range of creation date is the author's lifespan.
Paper Details: Back of manuscript contains printed text.
Transcription Details: Manuscript reads:
Gough's Sepulchral Mon[]
3 Vole {?word}
Gough's Catalogue of his Library
D'Israeli
22 {?word}Curator's Note: Gough, Richard, 1735-1809 was a famous British author and antiquary
Influence of Slaughter Weight and Sex on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Ham Traits of Heavy Pigs Fed Ad-Libitum
Get PDFSlaughter weight (SW) is critical for dry-cured ham production systems with heavy pigs. A total of 159 C21 Goland pigs (gilts and barrows) at 95 ± 9.0 kg body weight (BW) from three batches were used to investigate the impact of ad libitum feeding on SW, growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass and green ham characteristics. Diets contained 10 MJ/kg of net energy and 7.4 and 6.0 g/kg of SID-lysine. Slaughter weight classes (SWC) included 210 kg BW. In each batch, pigs were sacrificed at 230 or 258 d of age. Left hams were scored for round shape, fat cover thickness, marbling, lean colour, bicolour and veining. Data were analyzed with a model considering SWC, sex and SWC × Sex interactions as fixed factors and the batch as a random factor. The linear, quadratic and cubic effects of SWC were tested, but only linear effects were found. Results showed that pigs with greater SWC had greater average daily gain and feed consumption, with similar feed efficiency and better ham quality traits: greater ham weight, muscularity, and fat coveringin correspondence of semimembranosus muscle. Barrows were heavier and produced hams with slightly better characteristics than gilts
Letter to Isaac Hayward from unkown author
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/318461"Friday morning. Mr Blair begs to inform Isaac Hayward on conference with Mr P."63415
Item: [2011.0031.00196] "Letter to Isaac Hayward from unkown author
The recovered life of Isaac Anderson
No full text"Owned by his father, Isaac Harold Anderson (1835-1906) was born enslaved but went on to become a wealthy businessman, grocer, politician, publisher, and religious leader in the African American community in the state of Georgia. Elected to the state senate, Anderson replaced his white father there, and later shepherded his people as a founding member and leader of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church. He helped support the establishment of Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee, and helped freed people leave Georgia for safe havens in northern Mississippi and Arkansas. Eventually under threat to his life, Anderson fled to Arkansas, and then later still, to Holly Springs, Mississippi. Much of Anderson's unique story has been lost to history-until now. In The Recovered Life of Isaac Anderson, author Alicia K. Jackson presents a biography of Anderson and in it a microhistory of Black religious life and politics after emancipation. A work of recovery, the volume captures the life of a shepherd to his journeying people, and of a college pioneer, a CME minister, a politician, and a freed person"-
Impact of innovative rearing strategies for the Italian heavy pigs: Technological traits and chemical composition of dry–cured hams
Get PDFTo explore the influence of 4 feeding strategies on dry-cured ham quality, 336 barrows and gilts (3 batches, 112 pigs/batch) of 90 kg body weight (BW), were divided into 4 groups and housed in 8 pens with automated feeders. In the control group (C), the pigs were fed restrictively medium-protein feeds and slaughtered at 170 kg BW (SW) and 265 d of slaughter age (SA). With the older age (OA) treatment, the pigs were restrictively fed low protein feeds and slaughtered at 170 kg SW and 278 d SA. The other two groups were fed ad libitum high protein feeds, the younger age (YA) group was slaughtered at 170 kg SW and 237 d SA, the greater weight (GW) at 265 d of SA and 194 kg SW. The hams were dry-cured and seasoned for 607 d, weighed before and after seasoning and deboning. Sixty hams were sampled and sliced. The lean and the fat tissues were separated and analyzed for proximate composition and fatty acid profile. The model of analysis considered sex and treatment as fixed factors. With respect to C: i) OA lowered the ham weight, the lean protein content, increased marbling and decreased the PUFA proportion in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat; ii) YA hams had thicker fat cover with lower PUFA in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat; iii) GW increased the deboned ham weight, fat cover depth and marbling, reduced PUFA in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat, without alteration of the lean moisture content. Sex had a negligible impact
Impact of Rearing Strategies on the Metabolizable Energy and SID Lysine Partitioning in Pigs Growing from 90 to 200 kg in Body Weight
Get PDFThe current nutrient recommendations focus on pigs fed ad libitum up to 140 kg in body weight (BW). It remains unclear whether this applies to pigs weighing above 140 kg in BW under different rearing conditions. This study aimed to estimate protein (Pd) and lipid (Ld) depositions and the metabolizable energy (ME), standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) requirement and partitioning in 224 C21 Goland pigs (90–200 kg in BW). The control pigs (C) received diets limiting ME up to 170 kg in slaughter weight (SW) at 9 months of age (SA); older (OA) pigs had restricted diets limiting ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at >9 months SA; younger (YA) pigs were fed nonlimited amounts of ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at 170 kg in SW. The estimated MEm averaged 1.03 MJ/kg0.60. An 11% increase in MEm was observed in OA pigs compared to the controls. Energy restriction had negligible effects on the estimated MEm. The marginal efficiency of SID lysine utilization for Pd averaged 0.725, corresponding to a SID lysine requirement of 9.8 g/100 g Pd
Isaac T. Goodnow Ledger, Vol. 1 (1857-1864)
Get PDFVol. 1, 1857-1864: This volume was donated by Isaac Goodnow’s neice, Harriet A. Parkerson. It includes names and donation information related to Goodnow’s fundraising efforts for Bluemont Central College, as well as various financial information about the College. He was part of the New England Emigrant Aid Society and often traveled to Massachusetts and elsewhere in the northeast United States to encourage donations. Donors of note include Jared Sparks, president of Harvard University from 1849-1853, and author Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The maid of the mill: a comic opera. [electronic resource] : As performed at the theatres of London and Dublin. The music compiled, and the words written, by the author of Love in a village.
No full textAuthor of 'Love in a village' = Isaac Bickerstaffe.Based on Samuel Richardson's 'Pamela'.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from Bodleian Library (Oxford)
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