207 research outputs found
A prospect of moving towards free milk quota market in Ireland – will milk quota movement follow efficiency?
No full textQuota trade in Ireland is ‘ring fenced’ to milk processors where farmers are not allowed to trade milk quota outside their designated milk processor. This ensures milk production staying within a region but has implications for the efficiency of milk production. In this paper, we simulated a free milk quota market in Ireland and compared the results with a milk quota exchange which was ring fenced to determine if the quota move from an inefficient region to a more efficient region. The results show that quota indeed follow efficiency of production when there is restriction over trade area.Milk quota trade, Irish quota market, Farm level model, Agricultural and Food Policy,
Timing feedback-inhibition of the male reproductive hormone axis
No full textHormonal methods of male contraception have addressed feedback-inhbition of the cascade of hormones that has evolved to regulate sperm production but high concentrations of testosterone (T) in the blood have not worked satisfactorily. We hypothesized that an episodic event, such as degranulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus, could be as well inhibited by episodic interference as by continuously-applied suppression. We used a computational model of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis described by Veldhuis et al. to test the hypothesis that episodic administration of T would inhibit GnRH and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. A set of stochastic differential equations model feedback as well as feed-forward actions of GnRH, LH and T. The model predicted feedback-inhibition of GnRH pulses in a dose and frequency dependent manner when transdermal patches or injections delivering pulsatile T were applied. Since the published model did not address the effect of chronic GnRH deprivation on the viability of pituitary gonadotrophes, we introduced a function to address this issue. Incorporation of this function in the model allowed the prediction of a “holiday period” in the contraceptive regimen, during which exogenous T would not be needed to protect from conception. Pulsatile T delivered by real-life transdermal delivery system applied as per a parsimonious regimen reduced secretion of LH and T and fertility. The vitality function, proposed to account for survival and proliferation of pituitary gonadotrophes correlated with in vivo observations as extensive apoptosis in the anterior pituitary was observed after application of transdermal T
Red Cross Emblem Its Use and Misuse
No full textGeneva Convention in 1964 initiated the Red Cross movement to help the wounded soldiers. The Red Cross emblem was used during war to rescue workers/soldiers. After that incident soon it became popular and doctors, health workers, paramedical people, chemists etc started using it unofficially. This emblem was derived from color reversal of Swiss national flag to honor the country in which the Red Cross society was originated. Unauthorized use of Red Cross emblem is punishable offence in India U/S 12 r/w 13 under chapter IV of Geneva Convention Law. Since long time doctors are identified by Red Cros
Inverse Argyll Robertson pupil in Burkitt′s lymphoma
No full textKakarla V Chalam, Shailesh K Gupta, Vikram S BrarDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL, USAAbstract: We present a case of an 18 year old white male with Burkitt’s lymphoma who was operated on for hydrocephalus and subsequently referred for evaluation of new onset diplopia. On examination, his visual acuity (VA) was 20/20 in both eyes with a right superior oblique palsy. His pupillary reaction to light was intact while on near gaze there was no constriction of the pupils, bilaterally. The other two responses of the near gaze triad ie, convergence and accommodation were present. These findings were suggestive of an Inverse Argyll Robertson pupil (IARP), a rare entity in the literature. We could not find a specific cause attributable to this manifestation in this patient, though we feel it may be secondary to infiltration from Burkitt’s lymphoma and/or compression from elevated intracranial pressure of the efferent pupillary near reflex pathway.Keywords: Inverse Argyll Robertson pupil, Argyll Robertson pupil, pupillary abnormalities, Burkitt’s lymphom
Male Breast Cancer: A Rare Entity
No full textMale breast carcinoma is a rare malignancy (<1% of all breast carcinomas, 0.2% of all male malignancies). Its common histopathological type is infiltrating carcinoma, not otherwise specified. Three male patients aged 56 (stage –IIIB), 64 (T4bN0M0) and 78 (T2N0MO) years presented with a breast lump within a year. Their hematological and biochemical parameters were within normal limits. Two of them had palpable regional lymph nodes. Male breast carcinoma occurs in older males as in our cases. Two cases showed infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified on histopathological evaluation, and one showed special type with apocrine differentiation. Their two-year follow-up was uneventful after modified radical mastectomy and chemotherapy. Male breast carcinoma is associated with risk factors different from and overlapping with female breast carcinoma. Male breast carcinoma differs from female breast carcinoma on clinical presentation, biological behaviour and prognosis
Congenital vallecular cyst with polydactyly-a rare cause of stridor and failure to thrive
No full textCongenital vallecular cyst is an uncommon, benign but potentially dangerous condition causing respiratory distress and stridor. It is associated with sudden upper airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates and infants. We reported a rare case of 2 months old male infant presented with respiratory obstruction with failure to thrive with polydactyly (rarest finding) and managed timely with appropriate surgical marsupialization
Abstract 253: Impact of Gender and Marital Status on Door‐To‐Needle and Door‐To‐Puncture time and Acute Stroke Outcome
No full textIntroduction Delays in acute treatment of ischemic stroke have been associated with worse outcomes [1]. Women are more likely to present with atypical stroke symptoms than men, causing delay in pre‐hospital diagnosis and seeking medical attention [2‐3]. Additionally, women tend to be older at stroke onset and more likely to be living alone [4‐5]. Among patients presenting with acute stroke, women experience longer emergency department (ED) door‐to‐doctor and door‐to‐imaging (DIT) times, resulting in fewer interventions [6]. It is unclear if gender disparities in the timeliness of ED arrival and stroke assessment are compounded by gender differences in timeliness of treatment after patient arrival in the ED. Therefore, we sought to identify, if gender and marital status were associated with faster door‐to‐needle (DTN) and door‐to‐puncture (DTP) times. We hypothesized that married men would have the fastest DTN and DTP times, associated with female spouses being quicker to recognize traditional signs of stroke, calling 911 who can activate stroke alert, and therefore avoiding delay in acute care. Methods Our single‐center stroke database was queried for adults presenting to the ED with acute stroke between 1/1/2018‐1/30/2023. Patients were excluded if they had missing data on marital status or covariates. DTN and DTP times, as well as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at discharge, were analyzed using quantile regression on sex, marital status (dichotomized as married vs. single), age, intervention (TPA alone, or thrombectomy±TPA), and NIHSS score at presentation. Results We identified 674 patients meeting inclusion criteria, of whom 31 were excluded due to missing data. In the remaining sample (N=643, median age 66yr), 25%/18% of patients were married men/women, respectively, and 22%/35% were single men/women. Median DTN time, DTP time, and discharge NIHSS were 36min, 79min, and 4, respectively. On multivariable analysis (Table), none of the outcomes were improved among married men relative to any other combination of sex and marital status. Conclusion Gender differences in knowledge of warning signs of stroke in community‐based studies and gender disparities in ED assessment did not translate into faster treatment “after” ED arrival based on gender or marital status. More work is needed to find out ways to accelerate care “after” ED arrival to have faster DTN and DTP time
Shifting epistemology of juvenile justice in India
No full textThe conception of juvenile justice has its ontological root in the internationalisation of childhood and construction of children as a distinct social class. The Euro-centric vision of children as rights-possessors that informed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) transformed the epistemology of juvenile justice. India ratified the CRC in 1992, and defined ‘child’ uniformly, irrespective of sex, unlike in the past, thereby challenging its gendered subjectivity of ‘female child.’ Such an emergence of a new modality of delivering juvenile justice that I see as the epistemic shift did not last long, and one gory incident, alongside mediatised demonisation of male children, and brewing social discontent on women’s safety, changed its landscape. This paper fore- grounds an analysis of the role of gender in juvenile justice jurisprudence from the colonial period to the present time. Reflecting on the populist punitiveness at play, it talks about the Indian state’s poverty of understanding of children’s rights. Mapping legislative, juridical and political dimen- sions of the journey of the juvenile justice framework in India, the paper shows how construction of gendered notions of a particular group of male child offenders has resulted in the punitive turn of the juvenile justice system in India. It further unpacks the potentiality of repercussions of such punitiveness, and offers reasons as to why a retributive response by the state is a step backwards in reforming juvenile delinquents. Overall, it narrates the story of a political-systemic failure to deal with an important social issue, which may act as a lesson to be learnt with respect to the child gov- ernance framework, both for the countries in South Asia and the wider global South
The exponential series: an addendum
No full textIn the accompanying article, the author
(Gaurav Bhatnagar) presents a heuristic derivation
of the well-known series for the exponential function
How do we explain their success? understanding the formulas
No full textIn the accompanying article Approximating Square Roots and
Cube Roots, the author Ali Ibrahim Hussen has proposed
easy to use formulas for finding approximate values of the
square root and cube root of an arbitrary positive numbe
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